简介:模拟用一个修改中央缩尺模型被执行,极的MM5,它在极的区域以内为使用被改编。学习的目的是在在北极硫上模仿大气的行为说明极的MM5的技巧。自动气象站数据,全球大气的分析,以及近表面、上面空气的观察被用来验证模拟。在191997年4月29日模拟揭示了的时期以内的极的MM5和原来的MM5的平行模拟那极的MM5为在北美人上定位的区域比原来的MM5复制了更好近表面的变量预报北极区域。由极的MM5的很好预言的近表面的温度和混合比证实在这个模型被使用的修改物理parameterization计划为北极河区域是适当的。然后,在北美人和欧亚的领域上的极的MM5模拟的扩大评估然后在到2003年5月15日的2002年12月15日期间被执行。从在为在850hPa和500个hPa变量的近表面、垂直的侧面的16个车站的观察和极的MM5模拟的时间序列阴谋和统计分析被分析。模型被发现与精确性的高度在大小和可变性两个都复制观察大气的状态,特别为温度和近表面的风,尽管有细微冷偏爱,在表面附近存在。
简介:Thetrack,landfall,dynamicandthermodynamicandcloud-rainphysicalmesoscalestructuresandtheirevolutionoftyphoonHERB1996in36hfrom0000UTC31Julyto1200UTC1August1996weresimulatedbyusingthenon-hydrostaticmesoscalemodelMM5.ThisperiodcoveredtheprocessoftyphoonHERBlandfallatTaiwanandFujianProvinces.ResultsshowthatthemodelsuccessfullysimulatedthelandfallprocessoftyphoonHERB,revealedthemostimportantcharacteristicsofthemesoscaledynamicandthermodynamicandcloud-rainphysicalstructureduringitslandfall.Thesimulatedtyphoontrackwasclosetotheobservation.Thecenterofcycloniccirculationsimulatedat0000UTCon1August1996(24hintegration)waslocatedinshorenearFuqing,FujianProvinceatwhichthetyphoonwasreportedtolandfalltwohourslater.Itshowsthatstrongupwardmotionformedbylowlevelconvergenceexistedintheeye-wallandsubsidenceattheeye.Thewindfieldshowsclearasymmetricalstructurenearthetyphooncenter.Thecloudandrainbandwasscrew-typeddistributedaroundtyphooncenter,andconsistedofmeso-βscaleraincores.DuringtheperiodoftyphoonHERBstayingnearandpassingoverTaiwan,thelowercloudwasdevelopedintheeyeregionsothatthepreviouscleartyphooneyeonthesatellitepicturesbecamefuzzy.Observationshowsthatthetyphooncenterwas"warm",butthemodelsimulationswithhigherspaceresolutionshowthatinthemid-tropospheretheregionofeye-wallwithstrongerupwardmotionandmorecloud-andrain-waterwaswarmerthantheeye.DuringtheperiodoftyphoonpassingoverTaiwananditsfollowinglandfallatFujian,thetrackofmodeltyphoondeviatedabout30kmnorthward(i.e.,rightward)becauseoftheorographiceffectsofTaiwanIsland,butthestrengthofthetyphoonwasnotaffectedremarkably.TheamountofrainfallonTaiwaninthe36hsimulationswasenhancedmorethansixtimesbytheorographicliftingofTaiwanMountain.
简介:InnestednonhydrostaticmesoscalemodelMM5,thecharacteristicquantitiesofatmosphericturbulence,i.e.,thestandarddeviationsoftheturbulentfluctuatedspeedsforthreedirectionsinPBLarecomputedbyMellor-Yamada’slevel2.5closurescheme.Themagnitudesandtheverticalprofilesofthesequantitiescomputedfromthemodelarecloselyconnectedwithtemperatureandwindspeedprofilesaswellasthetypeofthegroundwithasignificantdiurnalvariation,andareinagreementwithknownmagnitudesandregularitiesindifferentstratificationconditions.Hencethemethodinthispaperisreasonableandconvincible.Theirhorizontaldistributiondependsonthehorizontaldistributionofthestratification.Themethodofpredictedcharacteristicquantitiesofturbulencefrommesoscalemodelinthispapercanbeusedintheproblemofatmosphericdiffusionandatmosphericenvironment.
简介:NCARMM模式可较好再现O3体积分数(φO3)的变化,本文利用NCARMM模式对2009年天津市夏季大气臭氧进行了模拟分析,并利用模式绘制了O3日最大体积分数变化图。结果表明:在当前污染水平下,NOX体积分数(φNOX)每增加10.0%,φO3将降低约5.0%;φNOX每降低10.0%,φO3将升高4.0%;当φNOX为观测值的60.0%时,φO3达最大值。非甲烷有机化合物NMHC体积分数每减少10.0%,φO3将降低4.0%。NMHC各组分中,烯烃对O3生成的贡献最大,占总贡献的53.3%;其次为芳香烃,占总贡献的35.1%;再次为烷烃,占总贡献的9.2%,卤代烃和含氧烃对O3的贡献率仅为2.0%。天津市夏季城区O3处于NMHC控制区,φO3对NMHC更敏感,控制含丙烯和丁烯等烯烃的排放可有效控制天津地区夏季O3的体积分数。
简介:UsingaregionalclimatemodelMM5nestedtoanatmosphericglobalclimatemodelCCM3,aseriesofsimulationsandsensitivityexperimentshavebeenperformedtoinvestigatetherelativeLastGlacialMaximum(LGM)climateresponsetodifferentmechanismsoverChina.Modelsimulationsofthepresentday(PD)climateandtheLGMclimatechangeareingoodagreementwiththeobservationdataandgeologicalrecords,especiallyinthesimulationofprecipitationchange.UnderthePDandLGMclimate,changesofearthorbitalparametershaveasmallinfluenceontheannualmeantemperatureoverChina.However,themagnitudeoftheeffectshowsaseasonalpattern,withasignificantresponseinwinter.Thus,thisinfluencecannotbeneglected.DuringtheLGM,CO_2concentrationreacheditslowestpointto200ppmv.ThisresultsinatemperaturedecreaseoverChina.TheinfluencesofCO_2concentrationonclimateshowseasonalandregionalpatternsaswell,withasignificantinfluenceinwinter.Onthecontrary,CO_2concentrationhaslessimpactinsummerseason.Insomecases,temperatureevenincreaseswithdecreasinginCO_2concentration.Thistemperatureincreaseistheoutcomeofdecreaseincloudamount;henceincreasethesolarradiationthatreachedtheearth'ssurface.Thisresultsuggeststhatcloudamountplaysaveryimportantroleinclimatechangeandcoulddirecttheresponsepatternsofsomeclimatevariablessuchastemperatureduringcertainperiodsandovercertainregions.IntheTibetanPlateau,thetemperatureresponsestochangesoftheabovetwofactorsaregenerallyweakerthanthoseinotherregionsbecausethecloudamountinthisareaisgenerallymorethanintheotherareas.Relativetothecurrentclimate,changesinorbitalparametershavelessimpactontheLGMclimatethanchangesinCO_2concentration.However,bothfactorshaveratherlesscontributionstotheclimatechangeintheLGM.About3%-10%changesintheannualmeantemperaturearecontributedbyCO_2.
简介:利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和中尺度天气模式MM5对2010年1月14—19日沈阳大气污染天气系统进行模拟分析。对此次天气过程的地面和高空气压场、地面至高空各高度层随时间变化的水平风场及垂直剖面风场、垂直方向温度廓线等气象要素进行分析和模拟,描述大气污染中天气系统的变化过程,分析造成大气污染的气象要素变化。结果表明:此次污染天气过程对应地面场为长白山高压、地形槽环流型;500hPa高空天气形势为两槽一脊,地面风场主要受高压辐散气流控制;地面至高空不同高度的水平风场均有偏南风切变和偏西风切变,垂直剖面风场对应有下沉气流,地面至高空的温度廓线出现明显的逆温。这些气象条件共同造成了持续污染天气。而500hPa位势高度场持续长时间两槽一脊的环流形势,是造成长时间污染天气的主要原因。
简介:UsingaregionalclimatemodelMM5nestedtoanatmosphericglobalclimatemodelCCM3,aseriesofsimulationsandsensitivityexperimentshavebeenperformedtoinvestigatetherelativeLGMclimateresponsetochangesofland-seadistribution,vegetation,andlarge-scalecirculationbackgroundoverChina.Modelresultsshowthatcomparedwiththepresentclimate,thefluctuationsofsea-landdistributionineasternAsiaduringtheLGMresultinthetemperaturedecreaseinwinterandincreaseinsummer.IthassignificantimpactonthetemperatureandprecipitationintheeastcoastalregionofChina.TheimpactonprecipitationintheeastcoastalregionofChinaisthemostsignificantone,with25%-50%decreaseinthetotalprecipitationchangeduringtheLGM.Ontheotherhand,thechangesinsea-landdistributionhavelessinfluenceontheclimateofinlandandwesternpartofChina.DuringtheLGM,significantchangesinvegetationresultintemperaturealternatingwithwinterincreaseandsummerdecrease,butdifferencesintheannualmeantemperatureareminor.DuringtheLGM,theglobalclimate,i.e.,thelarge-scalecirculationbackgroundhaschangedsignificantly.ThesechangeshavesignificantinfluencesontemperatureandprecipitationoverChina.Theyresultinconsiderabletemperaturedecreasesinthisarea,anddirecttheprimarypatternsandcharacteristicsoftemperaturechanges.Resultsdisplaythat,northeasternChinahasthegreatesttemperaturedecrease,andthetemperaturedecreaseintheTibetanPlateauislargerthanintheeasternpartofChinalocatedatthesamelatitude.Moreover,thechangeoflarge-scalecirculationbackgroundalsocontrolsthepatternofprecipitationchange.Resultsalsoshowthat,mostofthechangesinprecipitationoverwesternandnortheasternpartsofChinaaretheconsequencesofchanginglarge-scalecirculationbackground,ofwhich50%-75%ofprecipitationchangesovernorthernandeasternChinaaretheresultsofchangesinlarge-scalecirculationbackground.OverChina,theLGM