简介:Euphausiapacificisanimportantsourceofnaturalastaxanthin.StudieswerecarriedouttoassesstheextractabilityofastaxanthinfromE.pacificusingsubcritical1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane(R134a).Toexaminetheeffectsofmultipleprocessvariablesontheextractionyield,astaxanthinwasextractedundervariousconditionsofpressure(30-150bar),temperature(303-343K),time(10-50min),flowrate(2-10gmin-1),moisturecontent(5.5%-63.61%),andparticlesize(0.25-0.109mm).Theresultsshowedthattheextractionyieldincreasedwithtemperature,pressure,timeandflowrate,butdecreasedwithmoisturecontentandparticlesize.Amaximumyieldof87.74%wasobtainedunderconditionsof100bar,333K,and30minwithaflowrateof6gmin-1andamoisturecontentof5.5%.Thesubstantialastaxanthinyieldobtainedunderlow-pressureconditionsdemonstratesthatsubcriticalR134aisagoodalternativetoCO2forextractionofastaxanthinfromE.pacific.
简介:美国联邦法院在《1990年油污法》通过后的近三十年司法实践中,对于一些重要问题作出判决。该法适用于与可航水域实际相邻的非可航区域或湿地发生的溢油。在两船发生碰撞导致一船漏油的情况下,如果责任方主张由碰撞他船承担责任,则必须证明碰撞完全由于他船过错导致,并且与碰撞他船之间没有合同关系。溢油船舶一方作为责任人仍需负责清污,并且有权基于分摊或代位向他船索赔清污费用。美国法院就依据《油污法》索赔的步骤和材料提交作出裁决。此外,美国法院在重大油污事故案件中,依据普通海商法支持惩罚性损害赔偿。美国油污法司法实践对于我国具有借鉴意义。
简介:TheenvironmentalconditionsaroundthefirstoffshoreHZ21-1steelwellheadplatformintheSouthChinaSeaarecharacterizedbydeepwater,frequenttyphoons,roughwaves,highwatertemperature,severelycorrosiveseawater,andthickfoulingorganismattachments.Thedesignandeffectivenessofgalvanicanodeprotectionsystemarepresented,andseveralmethodsaredescribed,whicharethecalculationmethodoftheprotectivecurrentdensityconsideringthevariationofwaterdepth,themethodofdeterminingprotectionparametersconsideringvariousfactors,thearrangementofanodesbasedonpotentialdistributionandcurrentrequirementsatdifferentwaterdepths,andthemethodofanodeinstallation.Finallytheeffectoftheaccuracyofselectedcathodicprotectionparametersontheeconomicbenefitsofoffshoreprojectsisalsodiscussed..
简介:TheHY-1AsatelliteisthefirstoceanicsatelliteofChina.Duringthewinterof2002~2003,thedataoftheHY-1AwereappliedtotheseaicemonitoringandforecastingfortheBohaiSeaofChinaforthefirsttime.TheseaiceretrievalsystemoftheHY-1Ahasbeenconstructed.Itreceives1Bdatafromthesatellite,outputsseaiceimagesandprovidesdigitalproductsoficeconcentration,icethicknessandiceedge,whichcanbeusedasimportantinformationforseaicemonitoringandtheinitialfieldsofthenumericseaiceforecastandasoneofthereferencedatafortheseaiceforecastingverification.Theseaiceretrievalsystemofthesatelliteisdescribed,includingitsprocesses,methodsandparameters.TheretrievingresultsandtheirapplicationtotheseaicemonitoringandforecastingfortheBohaiSeaarealsodiscussed.
简介:全球定位系统(GPS)和合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)集成技术在地表形变监测中具有广阔的应用前景。分析了GPS和InSAR两种技术融合的可行性,论述了GPS—InSAR融合技术的理论和方法,对其应用前景和存在的问题进行了探讨。
简介:虽然许多注意被给了描述波浪的模型,潮和沉积运输在足够的详细处理决定在床上的本地变化在深测术的一个相对详细的代表上铺平,远,更少的注意被给了在大得多的规模考虑这个问题的模型(例如象一条潮汐的扁平、潮汐的隧道那样的geomorphological元素的)。这聚集了或lumped模型趋于不表示这些过程详细,但是相当在兴趣的规模捕获行为。如此的模型用平衡集中的概念开发了的是聚集的规模在潮汐的盆和邻近的海岸(ASMITA)之间的词法相互作用。在这份报纸,我们提供一些新卓见进平衡,和是这条建模途径的关键部件的水平、垂直的交换的概念。在一份同伴报纸,我们总结被承担了扩大原来的模型概念的开发的一个范围,到说明概念的框架的灵活性和力量。然而,日益增多地增加详细在详细基于过程的模型和我们给某考虑到在二之间的边界的更多的方向感动模特儿。聚集模型规模的HighlightsThe概念被探索,ASMITA模型的基础详细被构画出在在快规模的基于过程的模型和在聚集的模型使用的水平交换使用了的分散之间的关系被探索提出合适的平衡关系的基础被解释其他的方法包括移流和分散检验。
简介:Cytarabine(1-β-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine,Ara-C),isolatedfromaCaribbeanspongespeciesTethyacrypta,isthefirstantitumordrugfromamarineresource.In1980,theUSFoodandDrugAdministrationapprovedthisdrugforthetreatmentofdifferenttypesofleukemia.Thisdrughasashortplasmahalf-life,lowstability,limitedbioavailability,andseveresideeffects.Toimprovestabilityandbioavailability,wesynthesizedninenovelderivativesbyblockingthecytarabinemetabolicsitesandimprovinglipophilicity.ThecLogPvaluesofthenewlysynthesizedcompoundswerecalculated.Allthesynthesizedcompoundsweremorelipophilicthancytarabine,resultinginmembranepermeabilityandbioavailabilityimprovement.TheantitumoractivitiesagainstleukemiacelllineHL-60wereevaluatedbyusingtheMTTassay.ThebioassayresultsrevealedthattheIC50valuesofcompounds5,8and9were0.080,0.090and0.057μmolL-1,respectively,whichwassimilarwiththatofcytarabine(0.056μmolL-1).Incomparison,compound4withaphosphategroupatO5’wasinactive.Becausephosphoesterbondsareeasilyhydrolyzedbyalkalinephosphataseandarecommonlyusedinproducingprodrugstrategies,compound4mightalsobemetabolizedinvivoandgeneratecompound3orevencytarabinethroughamulti-stepreaction.Thus,compound4mightbeapromisingcompoundtobedevelopedasaprodrug.
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简介:雨效果和缺乏在situ确认,数据是热带气旋风检索错误的二个主要原因。国家海洋、大气的政府气候预言中心Morphing技术(CMORPH)雨率被介绍给配对数据集然后放进一个雨修正模型在Jason-1上移开雨效果规范的雷达十字节(NRCS);飓风研究部门(HRD)风速度,集成所有可得到的表面天气观察,被用来在situ数据代替与Jason-1NRCS建立这种关系。然后,在热带气旋条件下面的一个改进Jason-1风检索算法被建议。从2003~2010的七热带气旋被学习验证新算法。试验性的结果显示在C乐队和Ku乐队的这个算法的标准差分别地是1.99和2.75m/s,它比存在算法好。另外,C乐队算法比在热带气旋条件下面的Ku乐队对海表面风检索更合适。
简介:有不同规模的很多海底的山崩在Liwan3-1气体地的海底的管道线路的峡谷区域被识别了。仍然有许多机会,海底的斜坡失败将发生,并且下列集体运动将介绍大风险给海底的管道。鉴于这,一个数字预言方法基于Eulerian-Eulerian二阶段的流动模型被介绍模仿潜在的海底的山崩的集体运动。滑动土壤和周围的水被Herschel-Bulkley流变学模型和牛顿的液体模型分别地模仿。骚乱用k-模型被模仿。与两个相比实验数据并且是结果,二阶段的流动模型显示出好精确性,并且它的结果是更多关门到实际状况;在土壤和周围的水之间的动态联合能有效地被模仿,hydroplaning和头分开的现象能被获得。最后,潜在的海底的山崩的土壤运动作为一个例子被模仿,根据在峡谷区域的地震侧面。结果证明hydroplaning发生在运动过程期间。二阶段的流动模型计算的刺杀距离是877m,它是27.1%比是大结果。然而,土壤的山峰前面速度是相对的小,与8.32m/s的最大的价值。是有一个简单、快速的过程的节目能被用于初步的评估,当二阶段的流动模型为一个精确评价是更适当的时。
简介:Satelliteremotesensingofinlandwaterbodyrequiresahighspatialresolutionandamultibandnarrowspectralresolution,whichmakesthefusionbetweenpanchromatic(PAN)andmulti-spectral(MS)imagesparticularlyimportant.TakingtheDaquekousectionoftheQiantangRiverasanobservationtarget,fourconventionalfusionmethodswidelyacceptedinsatelliteimageprocessing,includingpansharpening(PS),principalcomponentanalysis(PCA),Gram-Schmidt(GS),andwaveletfusion(WF),areutilizedtofuseMSandPANimagesofGF-1.TheresultsofsubjectiveandobjectiveevaluationmethodsapplicationindicatethatGSperformsthebest,followedbythePCA,theWFandthePSintheorderofdescending.Theexistenceofalargeareaofthewaterbodyisadominantfactorimpactingthefusionperformance.Meanwhile,theabilityofretainingspatialandspectralinformationsisanimportantfactoraffectingthefusionperformanceofdifferentfusionmethods.ThefundamentaldifferenceofreflectivityinformationacquisitionbetweenwaterandlandisthereasonforthefailureofconventionalfusionmethodsforlandobservationsuchasthePStobeusedinthepresenceofthelargewaterbody.Itissuggestedthattheadoptionoftheconventionalfusionmethodsintheobservingwaterbodyasthemaintargetshouldbetakenwithcaution.Theperformancesofthefusionmethodsneedre-assessmentwhenthelarge-scalewaterbodyispresentintheremotesensingimageorwhentheresearchaimsforthewaterbodyobservation.