简介：-Thispaperadoptsapproximateformulasforresidualstressescausedbycoldbendingforplateswithstress-straincurveforma=Kn.Atypicaldistributionofthelongitudinalresidualstressduetoweldingisalsoassumed.Theeffectsofresidualstressduetocoldbendingandweldingonplasticbucklingofaxiallycompressedcylindricalshellsarestudiedbythefiniteelementmethod.

简介：Gradingprocedureinroutineseacucumberhatcheryproductionisthoughttoaffectjuvenileseacucumberimmunologicalresponse.Thepresentstudyinvestigatedtheimpactofa3-minmechanicalperturbationmimickingthegradingprocedureonneuroendocrineandimmuneparametersoftheseacucumberApostichopusjaponicus.Duringtheapplicationofstress,concentrationsofnoradrenalineanddopamineincoelomicfluidincreasedsignificantly,indicatingthatthemechanicalperturbationresultedinatransientstateofstressinseacucumbers.Coelomocytesconcentrationincoelomicfluidincreasedtransientlyafterthebeginningofstressing,andreachedthemaximumin1h.Whereas,coelomocytesphagocytosisat3min,superoxideanionproductionfrom3minto0.5h,acidphosphataseactivityat0.5h,andphenoloxidaseactivityfrom3minto0.5hwereallsignificantlydown-regulated.Alloftheimmuneparametersrecoveredtobaselinelevelsaftertheexperimentwasconductedfor8h,andanimmunostimulationoccurredafterthestressconsideringthephagocytosisandacidphosphataseactivity.Theresultssuggestedthat,asinothermarineinvertebrates,neuroendocrine/immuneconnectionsexistinseacucumberA.japonicus.Mechanicalstresscanelicitaprofoundinfluenceonseacucumberneuroendocrinesystem.Neuroendocrinemessengersactinturntomodulatetheimmunityfunctions.Therefore,theseeffectsshouldbeconsideredfordevelopingbetterhusbandryprocedures.

简介：ThemaximuminternaltangentialstressisacriticalparameterforthedesignofthePDC(polycrystallinediamondcompact)diethathasbeenwidelyappliedtooffshoreoildrilling.Asimpleequationforthecalculationofthestressisproposed,andverifiedbythetestdatafromKingdreamCorp.ofChina,thelargestbitCompanyinChina.AnoptimummethodforthedesignofthePDCdieispresentedanddemonstratedindetail,andsoftwareforthedesignandFEManalysisofthedieisdevelopedonthebasisofthemethod.Thissoftwarehasbeenusedinoilindustryinrecentyears.

简介：压力关节(SJ)为深水工程在最高的Tensioned起床人(TTR)系统起一个关键作用。逐渐变细的SJ的一个初步的设计方法在纸被建议，它能帮助设计者获得精确设计数据。在进一步敏感的分析被执行以后，相关参数选择和控制方法在设计实践被推荐。由考虑极端环境条件，把压力减小和曲线控制弄弯的效果被分析，并且3-DFE模型被ABQOUS建立让数字评估验证设计结果的正确性。最后，基于实际工程，动态分析和疲劳分析与设计压力关节被执行。分析结果在实际工程应用证明这个方法的可行性和指导。

简介：Afatiguelifeestimationmethodforoffshorestructuresunderrandomstressresponseisstudiedinthispaper.Themethodofbroadbandcumulativefrequencynumberisusedtodeterminetheeffectofbandwidthofstressfrequencyspectraonfatigue.AformulaofcorrectionfactorforfatigueunderbroadbandstressspectraissuggestedandcomparedwiththatgivenbyP.H.Wirsching.

简介：潮汐的流动是一个周期的运动不稳定、不一致，它显然有加速和减速过程，特别在沿海的浅水里。潮汐的流动雷纳兹应力的垂直分发从线性分发背离了的许多研究表演。潮汐的流动雷纳兹压力的寓言的分发被歌等建议。(2009)。尽管模型更好充满领域观察和室内的试验性的数据，它有潮汐的流动雷纳兹应力的更低的截断的系列扩大，并且对分发的描述不是很全面的。由介绍潮汐的流动的运动方程并且改善，寓言的分发由歌等建立了。(2009)，潮汐的流动雷纳兹压力的立方的分发被建议。立方的分发被领域数据验证很好(Bowden和Fairbairn，1952；Bowden等，1959；Rippeth等，2002)并且试验性的数据(Anwar和阿特金斯，1980)，与Kuo等的数字模型结果一致。(1996)，并且与潮汐的流动雷纳兹压力的寓言的分发相比。这立方的分布比寓言的分发，而且罐头不仅好，这更好被显示出反映与潮汐的流动减速与潮汐的流动加速并且向上向下从线性分发背离的雷纳兹应力的基本特征，为潮汐的流动的速度侧面上的进一步的学习的基础。

简介：［1］Copeland,G.J.M.,1985.PracticalRadiationStressCalculationsConnectedwithEquationsofWavePropagation,CoastalEngineering,9,195～219.［2］DINGPingxing,KONGYazhenandSHIFengyan,1998.RadiationStressofWaterWavesandItsCalculation,JournalofEastChinaNormalUniversity,(1):82～87.(inChinese)［3］Kirby,J.T.andDalrymple,R.A.,1983.AParabolicEquationfortheCombinedRefraction-DiffractionofStokesWavesbyMildlyVaryingTopography,J.FluidMech.,136,453～466.［4］Kirby,J.T.,1986a.RationalApproximationsintheParabolicEquationMethodforWaterWaves,CoastalEngineering,10,355～378.［5］Kirby,J.T.,1986b.OpenLateralBoundaryConditionforApplicationintheParabolicEquationMethod,J.WaterwayPort.CoastalEng.,ASCE,112,460～465.［6］Longuet-Higgins,M.S.andStewart,R.W.,1960.ChangesintheFormofShortGravityWavesonLongWavesandTidalCurrents,J.FluidMech.,8,565～583.［7］Longuet-Higgins,M.S.andStewart,R.W.,1961.TheChangesinAmplitudeofShortGravityWavesonSteadyNon.uniformCurrents,J.FluidMech.,10,529～549.［8］Longuet-Higgins,M.S.andStewart,R.W.,1962.RadiationStressandMassTransportinGravityWaveswithApplicationtoSurfBeats,J.FluidMech.,13,481～504.［9］Longuet-Higgins,M.S.andStewart,R.W.,1964.RadiationStressinWaterWaves:aPhysicalDiscussionwithApplications,Deep-SeaRes.,11,529～562.［10］Longuet-Higgins,M.S.,1970.LongshoreCurrentsGeneratedbyObliquelyIncidentSeaWaves,J.Geophys,Res.,75,6778～6801.［11］Noda,E.K.,1974.Wave-InducedNearshoreCirculation,J.Geophys.Res.,79,4097～4106.

简介：Thestressintensityfactors(SIF)consideringarbitrarilydistributedsurfacetractionsareevaluatedbasedonthescaledboundaryfiniteelementmethod(SBFEM).Thesemi-analyticalsolvingprocessforthestressintensityfactorsincludingtheeffectsofsurfacetractionsispresented.ProvidedarethenumericalexamplesfortheevaluationofmodeⅠandⅡstressintensityfactorswithlinearandnon-lineardistributingforcesloadedonthecracksurfaces.Thecrackproblemsofanisotropyandbimaterialinterfacearealsostudiedandthestressintensityfactorsofsingle-edge-crackedorthotropicmaterialandbi-materialinterfaceproblemswithsurfacetractionsarecalculated.Comparisonswiththeanalyticalsolutionsshowthattheproposedapproachiseffectiveandpossesseshighaccuracy.

简介：Ｈｏｗ　ｔｈｅ　ｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎ　ｓｔｒｅｓｓ　ａｃｔｉｎｇ　ｏｎ　ｔｈｅ　ｐｈｙｔｏｐｌａｎｋｔｏｎ　ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎｓ　──ａｎ　ｏｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎ　ｂｙ　ｔｈｅ　ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌ　ｅｎｃｌｏｓｅｄ　ｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍＴａｎｇＳ...

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简介：Thedynamicmicrocosmswereusedtoevaluatetheeffectofoilspillsonmicrobialecologicalsysteminmarinesedimentandtheenhancementofnutrientontheoilremoval.ThefunctionandstructureofmicrobialcommunitycausedbytheoilpollutionandphosphatedosageweresimultaneouslymonitoredbydehydrogenaseactivityassayandPCR-denaturinggradientgelelectrophoresis(DGGE)techniques.Theresultsindicatedthattheamountoftotalbacteriainalldynamicmicrocosmsdeclinedrapidlywithincubationtime.Thenumberofpetroleum-degradingbacteriaandtheactivityofsedimentdehydrogenaseweregraduallyenhancedbypetroleumintheoil-treatedmicrocosms,whiletheybothshowednoobviousresponsetophosphatedosage.Incomparison,phosphatespikedheterotrophicbacteriaandtheyshowedasignificantincreaseinamount.DGGEprofilesindicatedthatpetroleumdosagegreatlychangedcommunitystructure,andthebacteriabelongedtoclassDeltaproteobacteria,andphylaBacteroidetesandChlorobiwereenriched.Thisstudydemonstratedthatpetroleuminputgreatlyimpactedthemicrobialcommunitystructureandconsequentlythemarinesedimentpetroleum-degradingactivitywasenhanced.Phosphatedosagewouldmultiplyheterotrophicbacteriabutnotsignificantlyenhancethepetroleumdegradation.

简介：Zygosaccharomycesrouxiiisasalt-tolerantyeastspeciescapableofremovingcadmium(Cd)pollutantfromaqueoussolution.Presently,thephysiologicalcharacteristicsofZ.rouxiiunderthestressofsodiumchloride(NaCl)andCdarepoorlyunderstood.ThisstudyinvestigatedtheeffectsofNaClandCdonthegrowth,oxidativestressandantioxidantenzymeactivitiesofZ.rouxiiafterstresstreatmentfor24h.ResultsshowedthatNaClorCdalonenegativelyaffectedthegrowthofZ.rouxii,butthegrowth-inhibitingeffectofCdonZ.rouxiiwasreducedinthepresenceofNaCl.FlowcytometryassayshowedthatunderCdstress,NaClsignificantlyreducedtheproductionofreactiveoxygenspecies(ROS)andcelldeathofZ.rouxiicomparedwiththoseintheabsenceofNaCl.Theactivitiesofsuperoxidedismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),andperoxidase(POD)ofZ.rouxiiweresignificantlyenhancedby2%–6%NaCl,whichlikelycontributedtothehighsalttoleranceofZ.rouxii.ThePODactivitywasinhibitedby20mgL-1CdwhiletheSODandCATactivitieswereenhancedby8mgL-1Cdandinhibitedby20mgL-1or50mgL-1Cd.Theinhibitoryeffectofhigh-levelCdontheantioxidantenzymeactivitiesofZ.rouxiiwascounteractedbythecombineduseofNaCl,especiallyat6%.ThisprobablyaccountedforthedecreaseinCd-inducedROSproductionandcelldeathofZ.rouxiiafterincubationwithNaClandCd.OurworkprovidedphysiologicalcluesastotheuseofZ.rouxiiasabiosorbentforCdremovalfromseawaterandliquidhighlysaltyfood.

简介：Stiffnessdegradationwilloccurduetothegenerationofaccumulatedporepressureinsaturatedsoftclaysundercyclicloading.Thesoilstatic-dynamicmulti-purposetriaxialandtorsionalshearapparatusinDalianUniversityofTechnologywasemployedtoperformdifferenttypesoftestonthesaturatedsoftmarineclayintheYangtzeEstuary.Undisturbedsamplesoftheclayweresubjectedtoundrainedcyclicverticalandtorsionalcouplingshearandcyclictorsionalshearafterthree-directionalanisotropicconsolidationwithdifferentinitialconsolidationparameters.Investigatedweretheeffectsoftheinitialorientationangleofthemajorprincipalstress,initialratioofdeviatoricstress,initialcoefficientofintermediateprincipalstressandcontinuousrotationofprincipalstressaxesonthestiffnessdegradation.Itisfoundthatthedegradationindexdecreases(ordegradationdegreeincreases)significantlywithincreasinginitialorientationangleofthemajorprincipalstressandinitialratioofdeviatoricstress.Comparedwiththeeffectsoftheinitialorientationangleofthemajorprincipalstressandinitialratioofdeviatoricstress,theeffectofinitialcoefficientofintermediateprincipalstressislessevidentandthistrendismoreclearlyreflectedbytheresultsofthecyclictorsionalshearteststhanthoseofthecycliccouplingsheartests.Atthesamecyclenumber,thedegradationindexobtainedfromthecyclictorsionalsheartestishigherthanthatfromthecycliccouplingsheartest.Themainreasonisthatthecontinuousrotationinprincipalstressdirectionsduringcycliccouplingsheardamagestheoriginalstructureofthesoilmorethanthecyclictorsionalsheardoes.Basedonaseriesofexperiments,amathematicalmodelforstiffnessdegradationisproposedandtherelevantparametersaredetermined.

简介：-Thecyclicrotationofprincipalstressdirectionwithaconstantamplitudeisthecharacteristicsofcyclicstressinseabeddepositinducedbytravellingwaves.Presentedinthepaperaretheresultsobtainedfromtestssimulatingthecyclicstresscharacteristics,withemphasislaidonthebuildupofporewaterpressureinsoilsamples.Regressionanalysisoftestdatashowsthattheporewaterpressurecanbeexpressedasthefunctionofthenumberofcyclesofcyclicloading,orasthefunctionofgeneralizedshearstrain.Usingtheresultsthusobtained,thepossibilityoffailureofseabeddepositundercyclicloadinginducedbytravellingwavescanbeevaluated.Thecomparisonwiththeresultsofconventionalcyclictorsionalsheartestsshowsthatneglectoftheeffectofthecyclicrotationoftheprincipalstressdirectionwillresultinconsiderableover-estimationofthestabilityofseabeddeposit.

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简介：Principalstressaxesrotationinfluencesthestress-strainbehaviorofsandunderwaveloading.Aconstitutivemodelforsand,whichconsidersprincipalstressorientationandisbasedongeneralizedplasticitytheory,isproposed.Thenewmodel,whichemploysstressinvariantsandadiscretememoryfactorduringreloading,isoriginalbecauseitquantifiesmodelparametersusingexperimentaldata.Foursetsofhollowtorsionexperimentswereconductedtocalibratetheparametersandpredictthecapabilityoftheproposedmodel,whichdescribestheeffectsofprincipalstressorientationonthebehaviorofsand.Theresultsprovetheeffectivenessoftheproposedcalibrationmethod.

简介：SeasurfacewindstressvariabilitiesnearandofftheeastcoastofKorea,areexaminedusing7kindsofwinddatasetsfrommeasurementsat2coastal(land)stationsand2oceanbuoys,satellitescatterometer(QuikSCAT),andglobalreanalyzedproducts(ECMWF,NOGAPS,andNCEP/NCAR).Temporalvariabilitiesareanalyzedat3frequencybands;synoptic(2～20d),intra-seasonal(20～90d),andseasonal(>90d).Synopticandintra-seasonalvariationsarepredominantnearandofftheDonghaeCityduetothepassageofthemesoscaleweathersystem.SeasonalvariationiscausedbysoutheastwardwindstressduringAsianwintermonsoon.Theseasurfacewindstressfromreanalyzeddatasets,QuikSCATandKMA-Bmeasurementsoffthecoastshowgoodagreementinthemagnitudeanddirection,whicharestronglyalignedwiththealongshoredirection.Attheland-basedsites,windstressesaremuchweakerbyfactorsof3～10duetothemountainouslandmassontheeastpartsofKoreaPeninsula.ThefirstEOFmodes(67%～70%)ofwindstressesfromreanalyzedandQuikSCATdatahavesimilarstructuresofthestrongsoutheastwardwindstressinwinteralongthecoastbutshowdifferentcurlstructuresatscaleslessthan200knduetotheorographiceffects.ThesecondEOFmodes(23%～25%)showsouthwestwardwindstressineverySeptemberalongtheeastcoastoftheNorthKorea

简介：温度是影响章鱼vulgaris的生长和幸存的一个重要环境因素，普通章鱼。理解保护的机制那O。在热应力下面的vulgaris展览，我们使用了cDNA结束(种族)的快速的扩大获得联系的三热压力回答的全身的序列基因：(1)热吃惊蛋白质70(OvHSP70)，(2)热吃惊抄写因素(OvHSF)，并且(3)O的热吃惊因素绑定蛋白质(OvHSBP)。vulgaris。OvHSP70，OvHSF，和OvHSBP蛋白质包含了2222bp，2264bp，分别地为635，458和90氨基酸编码了的841bp。多重顺序排列的结果证明OvHSP70的氨基酸序列高度关于另外的种类被保存。同样，DNA有约束力的域，OvHSF的trimerization域，和OvHSBP的卷的卷区域高度也保存了区域。即时聚合酶链反应(PCR)结果显示OvHSP70是温度依赖者和时间依赖者，显示积极回答加热应力。在到28敨慰潴慰据敲獡椠据敲獡摥猠杩楮楦慣瑮祬愠?桴?楦獲?的暴露上?栠愠摮?栠爠獥数瑣癩汥?椠摮捩瑡湩??楴獳敵?湡?楴敭搭灥湥敤瑮愠瑮潩楸慤瑮爠獥潰獮?湩？

简介：过氧化氢酶(猫)和硒依赖者谷胱甘肽peroxidase(Se-GPx)在由消除H2O2。这篇论文的目的是响应低咸度应力在ridgetail白人对虾Exopalaemoncarinicauda评估这些抗氧化剂分子的角色。包含猫的完全的编码顺序的互补DNA(cDNA)用反向抄写的聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和cDNA结束的快速的扩大从hepatopancreas被克隆。猫(2649bp)的全身的cDNA包含78bp的一个5-untranslated区域(UTR)，1017bp的3-UTR，与一poly(A)尾巴，并且开的读与58.46kDa的预言的分子的质量和6.64的估计的等电位的点编码517-amino-acid多肽的1554bp的框架。这个猫序列包含了近似活跃地点签名(60FDRERIPERVVHAKGAG76),近似heme-ligand签名顺序(350RLFSYPDTH358)和三催化氨基酸残余(他的71,Asn144和Tyr354)。顺序比较证明CAT推出了E的氨基酸顺序。carinicauda另外的种类与那些分享了身份的68%-92%。量的即时PCR分析表明猫mRNA广泛地在hepatopancreas被表示(最高)，血球，眼柄，心，鳃，肌肉，卵巢和胃。在低咸度应力下面，猫和GPxmRNA表示在分别地在开始的48h和6h显著地增加的鳃和hepatopancreas铺平两个，显示在E的织物依赖者和时间依赖者抗氧化剂回答。carinicauda。所有这些结果显示那E。carinicauda猫是CAT家庭的一个成员并且可能对低咸度应力涉及尖锐反应。