简介：湿地与周边水文系统通过复杂的水文过程相互联系和影响,具有整体性和复杂性。研究湿地与周边水文系统相互作用过程和机理,对湿地保护和恢复起着重要的作用。以美国奥克弗诺基（Okefenokee）流域为案例,构建包含沼泽地表水、沼泽地下水、高地地表水和高地地下水4个水文子系统的流域水文网络模型,采用生态网络分析方法中的效用、控制和单位元分析研究水文单元间作用关系。控制分析的结果显示,高地地表水和地下水两个子系统对沼泽地表水和地下水子系统的支持程度达到100%。无论是沼泽还是松林高地,其地表水和地下水之间存在高度的相互依赖和互补性。效用分析结果表明,沼泽地表水和高地地下水之间存在着互利的水文关系。而单位元分析结果显示,沼泽地下水深层渗漏和高地松树生态系统的蒸散过程是袭夺流域湿地系统水资源的重要一环。上述结果表明,生态网络分析方法可以有效地分析水文单元之间的作用过程、描述水文单元之间直接和间接的水文关系,可以用于流域湿地水资源管理。

简介：TheGurbantunggutDesertisthelargeststableandsemi-stablesanddesertinChina,yetfewdataexistonvegetationpatternandspecies-environmentrelationshipsforthesediversedesertlandscapes.Thesanddunesofthesurveyareaaremainlyofthelongitudinalformfromnorthtosouth,butcheckerboard-shapedandhoneycomb-shapedformsarealsopresent,withtheheightof10-50m.Wemeasuredvegetationandsoildataonnorth-southtransectsandcomparedthemwithvegetationandsoildataoneast-westtransects.Analysisrevealedthatthevaryingtrendandstrengthofthespeciesdiversity,dominanceandcoveroftheplantcommunitiesinthelongitudinalandtransversedirectionsacrossthelandscapearesignificantlydifferent.TheresultsofCCAordinationshowthatthemicro-habitatsofsoilorganicmatter(OM),soilsalts(TS),sortingindex(σ),topsoilwater-content(SM)andpHrelatetothedifferencesinvegetationobservedasdifferencesinspeciesassemblagefromsalt-intolerantephemerals,micro-subshrubsandsubshrubstosalt-tolerantshrubsandmicro-arbors.Theterrain(alt.)andsoiltexture(thecontentsofMzandφ1)affectthespatialdifferentiationofmanyspecies.However,thisspatialdifferentiationisnotsomarkedontransectsrunninglongitudinallywiththelandscape,inthesamedirectionasthedunes.Thespeciesofthedesertvegetationhaveformedthreeassemblagesundertheactionofhabitatgradients,relatingtothreesectionsrunningtransverselyacrossthelandscape,atrightanglestothedirectionofthedunecrests.Inthemid-eastsectionofthestudyareathetopographyishigher,withsand-landsordune-slopeswithcoarseparticles.HerethedominantvegetationcomprisesshrubsandsubshrubsofSeriphidiumsantoliumandEphedradistachya,withlargenumbersofephemeralandephemeroidplantsofSeneciosubdentatus,andCarexphysodesinspringandsummer.Onthesoilofthedune-slopesinthemidwestofthestudyarea,withcoarseparticlesandabundantTK,theplantassemblageofHaloxylonpersicu