简介:本研究引入重心模型,采用1998-2008年江苏省经济和能源消费数据,计算出各年份GDP、工业产值、碳排放和人均碳排放的演变路径,从移动方向、移动距离、路径对比和空间相关性多角度阐释了经济重心和碳排放重心的动态变化和空间联系.结果显示:经济重心和碳排放重心总体向东南方向偏移,2006年后出现略微的北移迹象;11年间重心移动距离排序为:碳排放重心(32.1km)〉人均碳排放重心(29.6km)〉GDP重心(14.6km)〉工业产值重心(10.9km);相较于经济重心而言,碳排放重心的空间位置偏向于省域的西北方向;经济重心和人均碳排放重心在空间上表现为显著正相关关系.
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简介:Glacierinventorycompilationduringthepast20yearsandmodificationsofthatfortheEasternPamirandBanggongLakeindicatethatthereare46,342modernglacierswithatotalareaandvolumeof59415km2and5601km3respectivelyinChina.Theseglacierscanbeclassifiedintomaritimeandcontinental(includingsub-continentalandextremelycontinental)types.ResearchesshowthatglaciersinChinahavebeenretreatingsincetheLittleIceAgeandthemasswastagewasacceleratedduringthepast30to40years.BeinganimportantpartofglaciologicalstudiesinChina,icecoreclimaticandenvironmentalstudiesonTibetanPlateauandintheAntarcticahaveprovidedabundant,highresolutioninformationaboutpastclimaticandenvironmentalevolutionovertheTibetanPlateauandAntarctica.ExceptfordifferentparametersrecordedinicecoresrelatingtoclimateandenvironmentchangesonTibetanPlateau,recordsfromicecoresextractedfromdifferentglaciersshowthatthediscrepanciesinclimaticandenvironmentalchangesonthenorthandsouthpartsoftheplateaumaybetheconsequenceofdifferentinfluencingeffectsfromterrestrialandsolarsources.GlaciologicalandmeteorologicalphenomenaimplythatLambertGlaciervalleyisanimportantboundaryofclimateintheeastAntarctica,whichisthoughttobeconnectedwithcyclonicactivitiesandCircum-polarWavesovertheAntarctica.
简介:PermafrostinChinaincludeshighlatitudepermafrostinnortheasternChina,alpinepermafrostinnorthwesternChinaandhighplateaupermafrostontheTibetanPlateau.Thehighaltitudepermafrostisabout92%ofthetotalpermafrostareainChina.Thesouthboundaryorlowerlimitoftheseasonallyfrozengroundisdefinedinaccordancewiththe0℃isothermallineofmeanairtemperatureinJanuary,whichisroughlycorrespondingtothelineextendingfromtheQinlingMountainstotheHuaiheRiverintheeastandtothesoutheastboundaryoftheTibetanPlateauinthewest.SeasonalfrozengroundoccursinlargepartsoftheterritoryinnorthernChina,includingNortheast,North,NorthwestChinaandtheTibetanPlateauexceptforpermafrostregions,andaccountingforabout55%ofthelandareaofChina.Thesouthernlimitofshort-termfrozengroundgenerallyswingssouthandnorthalongthe25°northernlatitudeline,occurringinthewetandwarmsubtropicmonsoonclimaticzone.Itsareaislessthan20%ofthelandareaofChina.
简介:建立完善的土地二级市场是党的十八届三中全会确定的一项重大改革任务。2017年1月,宁夏回族自治区石嘴山市被原国土资源部列为全国完善建设用地使用权转让出租抵押二级市场34个试点之一,也是宁夏唯一的试点城市。近两年来,宁夏回族自治区自然资源厅等相关部门、石嘴山市政府积极稳妥推进土地二级市场试点工作,形成了可复制、可推广的经验,打造了具有石嘴山特色的样本。2018年9月4日,石嘴山市完善国有建设用地使用权转让、出租、抵押二级市场试点工作,通过了自然资源部验收。11月29日,自治区在石嘴山市召开土地二级市场试点工作经验交流会,全面推广这一成功经验。
简介:中国是一个洪水多发国家,洪水灾害平均每年给中国造成约千亿元的直接经济损失。成功的洪水风险管理离不开公众的参与,了解公众对环境风险的认知是设计有效风险沟通策略的关键,也是促进公众认识提升与行为转变的重要环节。本研究回顾了公众对洪水风险的相关认知,系统梳理了风险认知研究范式、洪水风险认知的测量及其影响因素。现有研究表明,公众居住地的地理特征与洪水风险认知存在显著的相关关系:居住地距离洪水风险源越近,洪水风险认知越高;居住地相对洪水风险源海拔越高,洪水风险认知越低。女性、年龄较高的人群更关注洪水风险,而教育程度、收入水平与洪水风险认知则没有显著相关关系。受灾经历是影响洪水风险认知的重要因素,有过受灾经历的公众会有较高的洪水风险认知和较强的应对灾害的行为。公众对洪水风险管理的信任程度也将影响公众的洪水风险认知。本研究对洪水风险认知的测量指标和测量方法做了梳理和评述,并提出今后洪水风险认知研究可能拓展的方向,如探索公众洪水风险认知对行为改变的作用,以及对洪水风险管理的影响。
简介:植被格局是指植被在生活空间中的位置和布局状况,是物种生物学特性和外界环境因子综合作用的结果。湿地植被在景观上总是沿着某个环境梯度呈较明显的带状分布特点,但是关于带状分布形成的机理目前还不是很清楚。大量事实表明,湿地植被格局不仅受制于湿地自身自然环境状况(包括非生物和生物因素),同时也取决于湿地植物种的生物学特性,并且受到人类干扰活动的影响。具体成因如下:非生物因素主要包括气候、地貌、水文和土壤等,这些因素通过对水、热、光和营养等因子的分配而在不同尺度上影响湿地植被的组成和分布,其中,水位和盐度梯度分别是淡水和盐沼湿地植被格局形成的主导因子。生物因素主要包括竞争和植食作用,高竞争力物种采用迅速繁殖和扩散的策略成为优势物种直接影响植被的分布,植食作用则可能通过改变植物间竞争关系而影响植物分布。物种生物学特性主要包括胁迫忍耐力及繁殖和定居能力等,如洪水忍耐力高的物种往往分布在最高水位的区域,繁殖和定居能力强的物种能使自身在复杂环境下取得竞争优势。人类活动可以通过改变湿地生态系统中的非生物因素和生物因素的相互关系来影响植被分布格局。针对当前研究的现状,今后的研究应在淡水湿地系统植被成因,生物因素如植物间相互作用以及植物自身关系的权衡对格局的影响,微生物作用对植被格局的影响,野外控制实验四个方面进一步加强。
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