简介:Thedrivingfactorsofrunoffchangescanbedividedintoprecipitationfactorandnon-precipitationfactor,andtheycanalsobedividedintonaturalfactorandhumanactivityfactor.Inthispaper,thewaysandmethodsofthesedrivingfactorsimpactingonrunoffchangesareanalyzedatfirst,andthenaccordingtotherelationshipbetweenprecipitationandrunoff,theanalyticalmethodaboutimpactsofprecipitationandnon-precipitationfactorsonbasin'snaturalrunoffisderived.Theamountandcontributionratesofthetwofactorsimpactingonnaturalrunoffbetweeneverytwoadjacentdecadesduring1956-1998arecalculatedintheYellowRiverBasin(YRB).Theresultsshowthattheamountandcontributionrateofthetwofactorsimpactingonnaturalrunoffaredifferentindifferentperiodsandregions.FortheYRB,thenon-precipitationimpactispreponderantfornaturalrunoffreductionafterthe1970s.Finally,bychoosingmainfactorsimpactingonthenaturalrunoff,oneerrorback-propagation(BP)artificialneuralnetwork(ANN)modelhasbeensetup,andtheimpactofhumanactivitiesonnaturalrunoffreductionintheYRBissimulated.Theresultshowsthatthehumanbackgroundof1956-1979.
简介:以三江平原的挠力河流域为研究区,选用研究区内7个雨量站、3个水文站和3个气象站的降水量资料,2个水文站的水位和径流量资料,应用倾向率法、累积距平法、Mann-Kendall法和灰色关联分析方法等,诊断分析了研究区20世纪下半叶降雨、径流的变化事实、趋势和可能驱动机制.结果表明:从20世纪50年代至今,研究区沼泽性河流的年降水量和年径流量都有减少的总趋势;年降水量和年径流量分别在50年代和60年代发生一次突变减少现象;近50年来,随着宝清水文站和菜嘴子水文站之间的沼泽湿地不断减少,沼泽性河流流域的滞洪调节作用也发生明显变化,50年代后期至70年代末,研究区出现年最大出流量小于入流量年份的频次是50%,而80年代至90年代,其频次只有35%,表明研究区的滞洪调节作用在逐渐减小.
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简介:湿地生态系统退化的临界状态判别是湿地风险评价的重要内容,也是实施湿地生态系统健康有效管理与保护的重要前提。以中国北方半干旱地区天然内陆湿地——卧龙湖为例,在综合考虑湿地退化指标的基础上,选择水质、蓄水量、生物多样性和生态脆弱性等典型参数指标建立了湿地生态系统退化状态判别的尖点突变模型。研究表明湿地生态系统的退化过程与突变理论的基本特征相符,模型拟合结果较好地反映了卧龙湖湿地退化状态。通过对卧龙湖湿地1994-2009年的数据模拟,结果表明:1994-2001年间卧龙湖湿地生态系统处于较健康的状态,而2002年的判别结果显示卧龙湖湿地处于退化突变状态,即湿地退化导致了生态系统相当程度的损害。研究还表明,卧龙湖湿地生态水量的减少和水环境质量的降低是导致湿地退化的重要因素。为了保护湿地生态系统的健康,防止卧龙湖湿地生态系统退化的发生,应在科学配置区域水资源的同时合理调整区域的产业结构,提高农村污水处理率。