简介：AbstractObjective:To study the epidemiology of leprosy in China in 2019 and give suggestions to improve future leprosy control activities.Methods:We collected leprosy data from the Leprosy Management Information System in China, which includes data from 31 Chinese provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities, except for Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan. We then performed a descriptive analysis of these data.Results:A total of 464 new leprosy cases were reported nationwide in 2019, with a case detection rate of 0.033/100,000. The proportions of children younger than 15 years, multibacillary cases, and cases with World Health Organization grade 2 disability were 1.3%, 90.3%, and 21.6%, respectively. A total of 2,219 leprosy cases were registered in China by the end of 2019, giving a prevalence rate of 0.158/100,000. Fifty-six counties had a prevalence rate of more than 1/100,000, and most of them were located in Southwest China. There were 31 reported relapse cases.Conclusion:The prevalence of leprosy has improved continuously throughout China, but the southwest region is still an area of concern.

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简介：AbstractBackground:Pancreatitis is a common disease of the digestive system. Acute pancreatitis is one of the most common reasons for gastrointestinal hospital admission, and chronic pancreatitis significantly reduces quality of life. However, national epidemiological data on pancreatitis in China are lacking. This study aimed to quantify the disease burden of pancreatitis in China from 1990 to 2019.Methods:This study was based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 dataset. Age-standardized rates of incidence (ASIR), prevalence (ASPR), mortality (ASMR), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were used to describe the disease burden of pancreatitis, and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was used to indicate the average change in age-standardized rates. We also described the trend of pancreatitis-related mortality and DALYs, which are attributable to alcohol use by age and sex.Results:From 1990 to 2019, the ASIR, ASPR, ASMR, and age-standardized DALYs of pancreatitis in China decreased by 10.90, 1.50, 0.49, and 15.54 per 100,000, respectively, with EAPCs of -1.35 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: -1.67, -1.02) and -0.37 (95% UI: -0.43, -0.31), -2.01 (95% UI: -2.07, -1.94) and -2.32 (95% UI: -2.37, -2.28), respectively. Recently, the numbers of incident and prevalent cases have risen, with estimates of 380,018 (95% UI: 308,669-462,767) and 493,765 (95% UI: 416,705-578,675), respectively, in 2019. Among men, the disease burden of pancreatitis was more severe than among women, and with variances in the distribution among different age groups. Age-standardized DALYs caused by alcohol-related pancreatitis have gradually worsened in the past decade, accounting for 34.09% of the total in 2019.Conclusions:The disease burden of pancreatitis in China has declined in the past 30 years, but the exacerbation of population aging poses a challenge to prevention and control of pancreatitis. Alcohol use has gradually become an important factor in the disease burden of pancreatitis in recent years.

简介：摘要A recent epidemic of pneumonia cases in Wuhan China was caused by a novel coronavirus with strong infectivity, the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). The article provides the pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) methods in the principle of 4S (simple, safe, satisfy, save) for patients with pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus, shows how to establish a ventilative and convectional PR environment to prevent the spread of virus through droplets, how to guide the patients to carry out PR, how to carry out respiratory muscle training, effective cough, expectoration, sneeze, general exercise, digestive function rehabilitation and psychological rehabilitation, and how to clean and disinfect the PR environment.

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简介：AbstractTrauma is the leading cause of death in people under the age of 45 years, and it has gained wide attention from academics worldwide. Therefore, more and more studies have reported on trauma and related fields in recent decades. In 2019, Chinese Journal of Traumatology (CJTEE) published 69 articles covering traffic medicine, wound healing, bone trauma, emergency care, and other hot topics of traumatology. Here we reviewed a series of articles published in CJTEE on the topics mentioned above, try to give a brief introduction of progress in trauma field.

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简介：摘要为掌握各专业医疗质量状况，从2015年开始，国家卫生健康委员会医政医管局质量处每年均组织撰写包括病理在内各专业的全国质量报告。根据2019年抽查的资料完整的3 643家医院病理科质控指标，统计分析如下：（1）全国平均每百张病床病理医师数量为0.55，约24.4%的病理科仅有1名病理医师，二级医院中，46.3%的病理科仅有1名病理医师。（2）全国平均每百张病床病理技术人员数为0.46；病理医师与技术人员的严重缺乏成为制约病理学发展的重要因素。（3）各医院术中快速病理诊断及时率、小活检标本诊断及时率及细胞学诊断及时率均在90%以上，同时发现由于工作量大、辅助检查项目多等因素，三级医院的诊断及时率低于二级医院。（4）免疫组织化学室间质控方面，三级公立医院、二级公立医院及民营医院病理科未参加室间质评的比例分别为35.8%、86.4%及78.2%。（5）开展分子病理检测的三级公立医院中，约76.2%的病理科未参加过室间质评。（6）细胞病理诊断质控符合率和术中快速诊断与石蜡诊断符合率均>96%；二级公立医院和民营医院术中快速诊断开展率和平均数量，远远低于三级公立医院。2019年，国家病理质控中心共举办了17个全国室间质评项目，参加的医院数量为2 431家次，专项培训人数12 286人次，发表分子检测指南1个。国家病理质控中心制定了省级病理质控中心工作量化考核方案，根据不完全统计，2019年全国32个省级病理质控中心共开展各种室间质评180项，覆盖医院4 373家次；督导检查下级医院754家，专项质控培训14 869人次。

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简介：AbstractObjective:Genital chlamydial infection is a globally common sexually transmitted infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristics of the disease reported in China in 2019.Methods:Genital chlamydial infection cases were identified in 105 national sexually transmitted disease surveillance sites from the National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting System, which covers 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in Chinese mainland. Data were collected and used to calculate the overall incidence, and the incidences per surveillance site, province, sex, and age group.Results:In 2019, there were 50,874 new cases of genital chlamydial infection reported in China, corresponding to an incidence of 55.32 cases per 100,000 population, and comprising a 9.98% increase from 2018 (50.30 cases per 100,000 population). The highest incidences of genital chlamydial infection occurred in Zhejiang, Guangdong province, Guangxi autonomous region, and Hainan province (average 137.49-233.37 cases per 100,000 population). The incidence of genital chlamydial infection was much higher in females than males, with a female-to-male ratio of 3.09 (84.55 per 100,000 population vs 27.35 per 100,000 population). The highest incidence of genital chlamydial infection was reported in the 20-24-year age group (184.70 cases per 100,000 population), followed by the 25-29-year age group (180.79 cases per 100,000) and 30-34-year age group (151.53 cases per 100,000 population). The highest proportion (68.30%) of genital chlamydial infection was reported from general hospitals, followed by maternal and child health hospitals (25.59%).Conclusion:The incidence rate of genital chlamydial infection in 2019 has an increase trend from 2018 and be a common sexually transmitted infection in China. The incidence is much higher in females than in males. Sexually active young adults are the highest risk population. There is substantial geographic diversity in incidence, with the highest incidence occurring in the southeast coastal areas with a developed economy. Epidemic of genital chlamydial infection in China should be concerned, and its surveillance needs to be improved.

简介：AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with extreme heterogeneity and potentially involvement of any organ or system. Numerous unanswered questions and challenges in SLE always prompt further exploration. In 2019, great progress in various aspects of SLE emerged. Both the classification criteria and management recommendation for SLE were updated. New promising medications have been widely developed and tested, although subsequent clinical studies are warranted. As an emerging number of most notable studies in SLE were published in both clinical area and basic research in 2019, we aim to summarize the highest quality data on SLE regarding novel insights of pathogenesis, updated recommendations, hot-spot issues on clinical manifestations, new understanding of disease prognosis, and most importantly, the therapeutic advances in SLE in this review.

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简介：AbstractBackground:Medicines for the treatment of 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections are urgently needed. However, drug screening using live 2019-nCoV requires high-level biosafety facilities, which imposes an obstacle for those institutions without such facilities or 2019-nCoV. This study aims to repurpose the clinically approved drugs for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a 2019-nCoV-related coronavirus model.Methods:A 2019-nCoV-related pangolin coronavirus GX_P2V/pangolin/2017/Guangxi was described. Whether GX_P2V uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as the cell receptor was investigated by using small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated silencing of ACE2. The pangolin coronavirus model was used to identify drug candidates for treating 2019-nCoV infection. Two libraries of 2406 clinically approved drugs were screened for their ability to inhibit cytopathic effects on Vero E6 cells by GX_P2V infection. The anti-viral activities and anti-viral mechanisms of potential drugs were further investigated. Viral yields of RNAs and infectious particles were quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and plaque assay, respectively.Results:The spike protein of coronavirus GX_P2V shares 92.2% amino acid identity with that of 2019-nCoV isolate Wuhanhu-1, and uses ACE2 as the receptor for infection just like 2019-nCoV. Three drugs, including cepharanthine (CEP), selamectin, and mefloquine hydrochloride, exhibited complete inhibition of cytopathic effects in cell culture at 10 μmol/L. CEP demonstrated the most potent inhibition of GX_P2V infection, with a concentration for 50% of maximal effect [EC50] of 0.98 μmol/L. The viral RNA yield in cells treated with 10 μmol/L CEP was 15,393-fold lower than in cells without CEP treatment ([6.48 ± 0.02] × 10-4vs. 1.00 ± 0.12, t= 150.38, P < 0.001) at 72 h post-infection (p.i.). Plaque assays found no production of live viruses in media containing 10 μmol/L CEP at 48 h p.i. Furthermore, we found CEP had potent anti-viral activities against both viral entry (0.46 ± 0.12, vs.1.00 ± 0.37, t = 2.42, P < 0.05) and viral replication ([6.18 ± 0.95] × 10-4vs. 1.00 ± 0.43, t= 3.98, P < 0.05).Conclusions:Our pangolin coronavirus GX_P2V is a workable model for 2019-nCoV research. CEP, selamectin, and mefloquine hydrochloride are potential drugs for treating 2019-nCoV infection. Our results strongly suggest that CEP is a wide-spectrum inhibitor of pan-betacoronavirus, and further study of CEP for treatment of 2019-nCoV infection is warranted.

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简介：摘要2019年欧洲临床营养和代谢学会再次发布了肝病临床营养指南，历时2年余进行更新和补充，统一了肠内和肠外营养推荐意见，首次提出了非酒精性脂肪性肝病、肝硬化合并骨病、肝硬化合并肥胖、肝硬化合并肌肉减少症和营养相关肝损伤等方面的推荐意见，对指导肝病患者营养管理有着非常重要的价值。本文对该指南进行解读，重新归类整理推荐意见，增进理解，提高实用性。

简介：摘要2019年发行的第5版WHO消化系统肿瘤分册中胰腺肿瘤分类有一定的改变，我们就该部分的主要改变作简要的总结和概括，主要归纳为新分册中排版的调整、癌前病变的分级和命名、新增/命名的病变、重新归类的病变、已知肿瘤的重新定义以及肿瘤TNM分期的改变等，与2010年发行的第4版进行比较，以帮助读者更快的理解应用新分类的内容，指导临床诊治。

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简介：摘要本文解读了2019版WHO消化系统肿瘤分类中胰腺肿瘤与2010版间的差异，对新增的胰腺肿瘤类型进行了描述，并介绍了一些新的概念。WHO新分类越来越强调基于肿瘤基因改变基础上的肿瘤分型，也越来越强调形态学的重要性。尽快熟悉和掌握这些变化对于正确诊断胰腺肿瘤并指导其临床治疗均具有十分重要的意义。