简介：摘要本文利用地面观测资料、NCEP再分析资料、台站观测资料等对2015年5月18-19日出现在和静县暴雨天气过程进行分析。结果表明因等高线较为稀疏，在副热带高压锋区内有小槽出现，是引发和静县暴雨天气的主要原因，因没有西南急流存在，不利于水汽的输送和补给；垂直速度的中尺度变化趋势同低层辐合、中层辐合的垂直结构基本对应，中低层的抬升作用则促进了暴雨天气的发生发展；和静县的这次暴雨天气主要出现不稳定区域内且有增湿区存在，这种湿场的分布形式增加了大气层结的不稳定性水平，有利于暴雨天气的发生。

简介：AbstractForecasting the COVID-19 confirmed cases, deaths, and recoveries demands time to know the severity of the novel coronavirus. This research aims to predict all types of COVID-19 cases (verified people, deaths, and recoveries) from the deadliest 3rd wave data of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. We used the official website of the Directorate General of Health Services as our data source. To identify and predict the upcoming trends of the COVID-19 situation of Bangladesh, we fit the Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model on the data from Mar. 01, 2021 to Jul. 31, 2021. The finding of the ARIMA model (forecast model) reveals that infected, deaths, and recoveries number will have experienced exponential growth in Bangladesh to October 2021. Our model reports that confirmed cases and deaths will escalate by four times, and the recoveries will improve by five times at a later point in October 2021 if the trend of the three scenarios of COVID-19 from March to July lasts. The prediction of the COVID-19 scenario for the next three months is very frightening in Bangladesh, so the strategic planner and field-level personnel need to search for suitable policies and strategies and adopt these for controlling the mass transmission of the virus.

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简介：摘要目的回顾性分析新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者的临床资料，认识重症COVID-19患者的临床特征，切实指导临床实际工作。方法总结分析2020年1月28日至2020年2月12日于北京佑安医院住院治疗的确诊为COVID-19重型、危重型19名患者的临床资料，包括患者年龄、性别、病程、流行病学史、既往史、临床症状、实验室检查、肺部CT表现、治疗以及临床结局。统计学处理采用SPSS 22.0软件。结果被纳入本研究的19名患者，重型10例、危重型9例；年龄58～94岁，平均75岁；男性10人、女性9人。病程从1～14 d不等，病程中位数5 d。4人有明确的武汉居住史、13人与确诊患者有密切接触者(包括家庭聚会、共餐、同居一室等)、2人无相关的流行病学史。14人患有慢性基础病(其中高血压病11例、冠心病4例、心功能不全4例、慢阻肺3例、陈旧性前壁心梗2例、心律失常3例、心脏瓣膜病1例、糖尿病2例、慢性肾病2例等)，4例患者同时合并3种及以上基础病。首发症状主要为发热18例、咳嗽13例、呼吸困难8例。就诊时17例患者伴有淋巴细胞计数低于正常范围，11例有不同程度的肝脏功能异常，10例患者心肌酶谱异常，7名患者不同程度的肾功能损害。18名患者C-反应蛋白升高。12例接受激素治疗，4例接受丙球治疗，无创呼吸机机械通气3例，有创呼吸机协助通气7例。1例患者接受持续血液净化(continuous renal replacement therapy，CRRT)治疗，1例患者接受体外膜肺氧合(extracorporeal membrane oxygenation，ECMO)治疗；截至2020年2月17日，10例患者病情好转，4例患者仍在ICU治疗，5例患者死亡。结论老年人以及合并有慢性基础疾病患者更易发展为重型、危重型病例。淋巴细胞计数降低、C-反应蛋白水平升高、肝肾功能及心肌酶谱异常与重症化相关。激素及呼吸机治疗重症有效。

简介：AbstractThe impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on endometriosis (EM) is currently unclear. Here, we aimed to describe the potential influence of COVID-19 on the pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, and treatment of EM. The cytokine storm caused by COVID-19 may induce the occurrence and progression of EM, and immunosuppression of COVID-19 may help the ectopic endometrium escape from immune clearance. Consequently, the forced social isolation and the cancelation of non-emergency medical treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic aggravate anxiety and psychological pressure, which can aggravate the symptoms related to EM and delay routine medical services.

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简介：AbstractBackground:To date, there is no effective medicine to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and the antiviral efficacy of arbidol in the treatment for COVID-19 remained equivocal and controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of arbidol tablets in the treatment of COVID-19.Methods:This was a prospective, open-label, controlled and multicenter investigator-initiated trial involving adult patients with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Patients were stratified 1:2 to either standard-of-care (SOC) or SOC plus arbidol tablets (oral administration of 200 mg per time, three times a day for 14 days). The primary endpoint was negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 within the first week. The rates and 95% confidential intervals were calculated for each variable.Results:A total of 99 patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled; 66 were assigned to the SOC plus arbidol tablets group, and 33 to the SOC group. The negative conversion rate of SARS-CoV-2 within the first week in patients receiving arbidol tablets was significantly higher than that of the SOC group (70.3% [45/64] vs. 42.4% [14/33]; difference of conversion rate 27.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.7%-48.1%; P = 0.008). Compared to those in the SOC group, patients receiving arbidol tablets had a shorter duration of clinical recovery (median 7.0 days vs. 12.0 days; hazard ratio [HR]: 1.877, 95% CI: 1.151-3.060, P = 0.006), symptom of fever (median 3.0 days vs. 12.0 days; HR: 18.990, 95% CI: 5.350-67.410, P < 0.001), as well as hospitalization (median 12.5 days vs. 20.0 days; P < 0.001). Moreover, the addition of arbidol tablets to SOC led to more rapid normalization of declined blood lymphocytes (median 10.0 days vs. 14.5 days; P > 0.05). The most common adverse event in the arbidol tablets group was the elevation of transaminase (5/200, 2.5%), and no one withdrew from the study due to adverse events or disease progression.Conclusions:SOC plus arbidol tablets significantly increase the negative conversion rate of SARS-CoV-2 within the first week and accelerate the recovery of COVID-19 patients. During the treatment with arbidol tablets, we find no significant serious adverse events.Trial registration:Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, NCT04260594, www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04260594?term= NCT04260594&draw=2&rank=1

简介：摘要由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的2019年冠状病毒疾病（COVID-19）已经在全球多个国家引起大流行，该病毒传染性强、致死率高，部分变异株在病毒传播性、致病性和免疫原性等多方面发生变化。无症状感染和有症状感染的COVID-19患者在免疫特征上存在异质性；不同年龄阶段的COVID-19患者的临床表现也不尽相同。目前无治疗COVID-19的特效药物，疫情控制需依赖新型冠状病毒疫苗的接种，如核酸疫苗、灭活疫苗、病毒载体疫苗、蛋白质疫苗等。本文通过对新型冠状病毒的变异、临床表现、治疗和疫苗等方面文献的复习，展现目前相关研究的进展。

简介：摘要Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first reported on December 31, 2019. Because it has only been studied for just over three months, our understanding of this disease is still incomplete, particularly regarding its sequelae and long-term outcomes. Moreover, very little has been written about the rehabilitation needs of patients with COVID-19 after discharge from acute care. The objective of this report is to answer the question " What rehabilitation services do survivors of COVID-19 require？" The question was asked within the context of a subacute hospital delivering geriatric inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation services. Three areas relevant to rehabilitation after COVID-19 were identified. First, details of how patients may present have been summarized, including comorbidities, complications from an intensive care unit stay with or without intubation, and the effects of the virus on multiple body systems, including those pertaining to cardiac, neurological, cognitive, and mental health. Second, I have suggested procedures regarding the design of inpatient rehabilitation units for COVID-19 survivors, staffing issues, and considerations for outpatient rehabilitation. Third, guidelines for rehabilitation (physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech-language pathology) following COVID-19 have been proposed with respect to recovery of the respiratory system as well as recovery of mobility and function. A thorough assessment and an individualized, progressive treatment plan which focuses on function, disability, and return to participation in society will help each patient to maximize their function and quality of life. Careful consideration of the rehabilitation environment will ensure that all patients recover as completely as possible.

简介：AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly emerged infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The number of COVID-19 cases is continuously increasing and no effective drugs or vaccines are currently available. Accurate and efficient diagnostic testing methods are desperately needed for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 and antiviral antibodies in infected individuals. Various assay techniques, including nucleic acid tests [eg, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), reverse transcription-PCR, real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification, and CRISPR-Cas-based detection], serological tests [eg, immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgM/G], imaging tests (eg, computed tomography and positron-emission tomography), and nanoparticle-based detections have been reported for COVID-19 diagnosis. This review aims to present the current diagnostic tools for SARS-CoV-2 and their performance characteristics to inform the appropriate selection of diagnostic and surveillance technologies at optimal testing times. We also describe the advantages of detection using combined nucleic acid and imaging tests, or serological testing and point-of-care diagnostics. Developing reliable protein biomarkers targeting the conserved proteins of SARS-CoV-2 rather than IgA, IgM, or IgG would be useful to manage SARS-CoV-2.

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简介：AbstractSince the outbreak of the novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China, as obstetricians, we also face great challenges. We need to identify pregnant patients with 2019 coronavirus disease infection timely, and give them appropriate treatment in order to obtain a good maternal and infant prognosis. Here, we would like to share a case and provide some suggestions on how to screen, diagnose and treat pregnant women with 2019 coronavirus disease infection during the outbreak.

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简介：AbstractIntroduction:The transmission pathways of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain not completely clear. In this case study the test for the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in pharyngeal swab and anal swab were compared.Case presentation:A 3-month-old girl was admitted to our hospital with COVID-19. Her parents had both been diagnosed with COVID-19. The results of pharyngeal swab and anal swab of the little girl were recorded and compared during the course of the disease. The oropharyngeal specimen showed negative result for SARS-CoV-2 on the 14th day after onset of the illness. However, the anal swab was still positive for SARS-CoV-2 on the 28th day after the onset of the illness.Conclusion:The possibility of fecal-oral transmission of COVID-19 should be assessed. Personal hygiene during home quarantine merits considerable attention.

简介：AbstractThe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the third coronavirus outbreak in the last two decades. Emerging and re-emerging infections like COVID-19 pose serious challenges of the paucity of information and lack of specific cure or vaccines. This leaves utilisation of existing scientific data on related viral infections and repurposing relevant aetiologic and supportive therapies as the best control approach while novel strategies are developed and trialled. Many promising antiviral agents including lopinavir, ritonavir, remdesivir, umifenovir, darunavir, and oseltamivir have been repurposed and are currently trialled for the care for COVID-19 patients. Adjunct therapies for the management of symptoms and to provide support especially in severe and critically ill patients have also been identified. This review provides an appraisal of the current evidence for the rational use of frontline therapeutics in the management of COVID-19. It also includes updates regarding COVID-19 immunotherapy and vaccine development.

简介：AbstractA large-scale vaccination of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in adults has been conducted for nearly a year, and there is a growing recognition that immunization for children is also essential. It has been months since emergency use of pediatric COVID-19 vaccine was approved, we reviewed the prevalence and transmission of COVID-19 in children. The prevalence of COVID-19 in children is reduced due to vaccination even in a Delta prevalent period, so an increase in the vaccination rate is needed in children. Although the precise role of children in the transmission requires more research to uncover, they likely played a significant role, according to the available literature. We also described four candidate COVID-19 vaccines for children on their safety and immunogenicity and the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants on childhood vaccination. Safety issues on pediatric vaccines post-approval, like adverse events following immunization and adverse events of special interest require studies on long-term and effective regulatory mechanisms.

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