简介：从前，一个农夫养了两头驴子，我们称之为驴子A和驴子B。

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简介：本文在综述国内外学者对内资股与外资股股价差异研究的基础上，多组模型与多个变量，对影响我国B股折价的因素进行实证研究，得出以下结论：B股价差率的公司差异由上市地点、每股收益、A股与B股的相对供给、公司市值大小和A股Beta系数决定；影响B股价差率的因素有前期价差率。每股收益、公司市值、A股换手率、B股换手率、B股相对流动性以及非流通股比重等。

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简介：China’sstockmarkethasexperiencedmorethan20yearsofdevelopment.Despitetheconceptofvalueinvestmenthasalreadybeenreflectedinstockinvestment,manyinvestors,especiallysmallandmediuminvestors,stilldonotpaymuchattentiontovalueinvestment.Blindnessandspeculativethinkingstillaffectinvestment.Thispaperchoosesthebankingindustryastheanalysisobjectandusestherelativevaluationapproachtoevaluatetheprice-earningsratio(P/Eratio),price-to-bookvalueratio(P/Bratio),andprice-earningstogrowth(PEG)ofthe10listedbanks,thenjudgestheinvestmentvalueofeachbankandfocusesonthevaluationandpricingofthebankingwithrapidgrowth.Basedonthis,thechoiceofvalueinvestmentdecisionsismade,tryingtoprovideademonstrationforinvestorstomakevalueinvestmentdecisions.Finally,itisrecommendedtoinvestinChinaMerchantsBank(CMB),MinshengBank,ShanghaiPudongDevelopmentBank(SPDB),IndustrialandCommercialBankofChina(ICBC),HSBCBank,andBankofChina.ItisnotrecommendedtoinvestinPingAnBank,BankofCommunications,IndustrialBank,andChinaCITICBank.

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简介：一、汽车4S店税务筹划的必要性近几年，我国汽车经销行业呈现供需两旺，4S店在我国发展非常迅猛，数量增加的同时行业竞争异常激烈。许多4S店在薄利经销的同时依靠行业“潜规则”获取利润，如购车送礼包、送保养；车身亏本卖，暗中有返利等。税务部门开展税收检查中发现不少4S店存在大量税务违规行为。

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简介：审计市场上收费定价的趋势及其影响因素越来越引起人们的注意,国内已有的研究文献主要是对审计市场中的供给与需求单独进行研究,忽视了供给与需求间的内生关系,这很可能对研究结果的准确性产生影响。本文选取影响审计定价的多种因素,采用联立方程的研究方式,对B股审计市场中的供给与需求进行综合研究,以期能对我国审计市场中审计供求关系和审计定价因素有所认识。研究结果表明,我国的审计定价中,往往只重视被审计公司的资产规模、拥有的子公司数量和经营活动所跨行业数量等表象指标,而对审计风险重视不够,这与审计市场成熟的西方国家的通行做法不一致。

简介：为提高关联交易往来账核对效率、规避经营风险、降低管理成本,中国联通运营公司全面梳理了与集团全资子公司华盛的终端交易业务,打通双方系统,搭建以业务管控为出发点、以财务规则为准则、结合系统管控的B2B终端交易平台,实现双方交易信息线上协同、财务核算自动化,同时确保双方业务流程、业务结算、财务核算的一致性,在满足终端销售运营管理的基础上为中国联通的管理会计体系以及供应链的全面协同合作打下坚实的基础。

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简介：TheZimbabweanfinancialsectorhasbeenretrogressive,constrained,andunpredictablesincetheyear2000,servingforthemultiplecurrencyperiods(2009-2013)afterthedemonetizationofthedomesticdollar.ThesectorsincethenhasseenanumberofcommercialbanksfailtomeetRBZ(ReserveBankofZimbabwe)minimumcapitalrequirements,putundercuratorship,delistedorliquidatedbecauseofamyriadofoperationalandfinancialchallenges.Theobjectiveofthisstudyistomakeanassessmentofwhetherornottheintroductionofbondnoteshasbeenacurseorblessing.Thestudydrewrawdatafrombankaccountholders,academics,generalpublic,corporateworldandcommercialbanksinMasvingoforanalysisandinterpretation.Thestudyestablishedthatthemajorityofpeople,corporateworldandcommercialbankswerescepticaltoembracethesurrogatebondnotesbecauseoftheuncertainties,operationalandfinancialrisksthattheypausedonthedomesticfinancialmarkets.Itwasalsodiscoveredthatmostbankswerequicktopayclients’withdrawalsinbondnotes,deductUSdollarequivalencesfromtheiraccounts,anddistinguishbondnotesfromUSdollarsatthepointofmakingdepositsandforeignbusinesstransactions.ItwasalsorealizedthattherewasmarketindisciplineandtradinginbiggerUSdollarnotesintheinformalsectorandseriousshortageofthesamenotesintheformalsector.ThestudyconcludedthattheintroductionofbondnotestotradeparalleltotheUSdollarbroughtaseriousshortageofcashonformalmarketsandincreasesinthegeneralpricelevelofgoodsandservices.ThestudythereforerecommendsthattheRBZshouldcompletelywithdrawthebondnotesfromthemarkettoaccordtheUSdollaritsworldmarketvalueandrestoreconfidenceanddisciplineintheZimbabweanfinancialsector.ThestudyalsorecommendsanotheroptionoftheadoptionoftheSouthAfricanRandasaninterventionistwayofsolvingZimbabwe’sliquiditycrises.

简介：ByusingGARCHandEGARCHmodels,theauthorsexaminetherelationshipbetweenpricevolatilityandnewinformationflow,representedbytradingvolume,andpastinformationflow,representedbytheARCHeffect,intheShanghaiStockMarketforthethreedifferentperiodsfromJuly1998toDecember2002:thesoftperiod,thebullperiod,andthebearperiod.Theempiricalresultsshowthat:(1)thereexistsa'leverageeffect'inthestockmarket;thatis,negativenewshadagreaterimpactonstockpricevolatilitythandidpositivenewsinthesoftperiodandbearperiod,butinthebullperiodthe'leverageeffect'behavesdifferently；(2)thereisasignificantlypositiverelationshipbetweentradingvolumeandstockpricevolatility,andsucharelationshipisevenmoresignificantinthebearperiod;(3)itturnsoutthatinthethreeperiods,therelationshipsbetweenstockpricevolatilityandinformationflow,bothpastandnew,arenotthesame;thatis,inboththesoftandbullperiods,boththeARCHeffect,reflecting'pastinformationflow',andtradingvolume,reflecting'newinformationflow',explainpricevolatilitysimultaneously,butinthebearperiod,theARCHeffectissubstantiallyreduced.Thesefindingsprovidekeyevidenceforunderstanding,explaining,andtrackingthecharacteristicsofpricevolatilityandthechangingrulesofthestockmarketinChinamorecomprehensively.

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简介：由于我国水资源供给不足,不能满足日益增长的用水需求,水危机日渐加重,对节水、污水治理提出了更高要求,尤其是对污水处理的资金需求量更大,有必要探讨新型融资模式以保障资金供应。文章就民营水务企业B水务公司应用PPP模式的现状,运用SWOT分析法从优势、劣势、机会、威胁四个角度探讨了其应用PPP模式面临的外部环境和内部条件的风险类型及范围,并提出最佳策略组合,为水务行业其他企业应用PPP模式进行风险防范提供参考,也为基础设施领域推广PPP模式的风险管理决策提供借鉴。