简介:6-aminopenicillanicacid(6-APA)crystalsobtainedunderdifferentphysicalandchemicalconditionsofthesolutionsmaypresentdifferenthabits.Thehabitsofdiamond-shapedplatesaredesirablecomparedwithotherhabitsof6-APAcrystals.Toobtainideal6-APAcrystals,theeffectsofthemixedsolventsandadditiveson6-APAcrystalhabitswereinvestigated.Ethanoloracetonewasusedastheorganicsolvent,andimpuritiesexistinginthe6-APApurificationprocesswereusedastheadditives.6-APAgrowthhabitswerechangedwhentheconcentrationsofethanol,acetoneorphenylaceticacidwereincreasedtoexceedtheircriticalconcentration.Theobservedresultsshowthatthedominantfaceon6-APAcrystalswasidentifiedtobe{020},buttheoverallhabitwascontrolledbytherelativegrowthratesofthe{101}and{002}faces.Crystalgrowthratesandhabitscanbeappreciablychangedbyspecificadsorptionofadditivesoncrystalfaces.Insomecasessolventmoleculescanactinasimilarwayandmayberegardedasbulkadditives.Theeffectsofadditivesandorganicsolventson6-APAcrystalhabitsweretheresultsofadsorptioneffect,whichfittedtheexperimentalresultsquitewell.
简介:文章运用问卷法对广东省农村地区158名3~6岁留守儿童的情绪调节策略进行了调查研究。结果表明:3~6岁留守儿童的情绪调节策略在年龄方面差异显著,总体情况是年龄越大,情绪调节策略越好;性别方面也存在显著差异,女孩在认知重建、替代活动、自我安慰策略方面优于男孩,男孩则在问题解决策略方面优于女孩;留守类型方面的差异主要表现在与母亲和其它亲属留守的儿童会更多使用认知重建、问题解决、替代活动、自我安慰等积极的情绪调节策略,而只与其它亲属留守的儿童更多使用被动应付和发泄策略;养育者的文化程度在初中以上的留守儿童,会更多地选择积极的情绪调节策略。对此,教师要充分利用现有的通讯和网络资源,加强父母与留守儿童之间的联系,幼儿园和社会应多给予儿童情感的支持和帮助,促进留守儿童健康成长。