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简介：<正>Withincreasingattentiongiventothedevelopmentandimplementationofpsychologicalinterventionsduringthesportinjuryrehabilitationprocess,thereisaneedtodocumenttheeffectivenessoftheseinterventions.Thepurposeofthisreviewwastosummarizetheempiricalfindingsoftheeffectsofpsychologicalinterventionsinreducingpost-injurypsychologicalconsequencesandimprovingpsychologicalcopingduringtheinjuryrehabilitationprocessamongcompetitiveandrecreationalathletes.InFebruary2012,utilizingacomprehensivesearchstrategy,weconductedelectronicsearchesofmultipleelectronicdatabasesforrandomizedandnonrandomizedcontroltrialsthatevaluatedinterventionstargetingpopulationsofinjuredcompetitiveandrecreationalathletesage17yearsandolder.Weincludedinterventionsthatdirectlyinterveneoninjuredathletes’psychologicaloutcomes(e.g.,psychologicalconsequences,psychologicalcopingandre-injuryanxiety)andutilizedpsychologicalstrategiesincludingimagery,goal-setting,relaxation,andothercommontechniquesduringthepost-injuryrehabilitationperiod.Sixstudies,describedinsevenpeer-reviewedpublishedarticles,metstudyinclusioncriteriaandwereincludedinthisreview.Ofthosestudies,twoincludedrandomizedcontroltrials,twousedbeforeandafterstudydesignsandtwowerecasestudydesigns.Twointerventionsutilizedguidedimageryandrelaxation,twointerventionsutilizedgoal-settingandoneeachutilizedmicrocounseling,writtendisclosure,andacceptanceandcommitmenttherapy.Guidedimagery/relaxationwasshowntobeassociatedwithimprovedpsychologicalcopingandreducedre-injuryanxiety.Goalsetting,however,wasnotdirectlyassociatedwiththereductionofnegativepsychologicalconsequences.Otherpsychologicaltechniquessuchasmicrocounselingskills,acceptanceandcommitmenttherapy,andwrittendisclosurehavedemonstratedeffectivenessinreducingnegativepsychologicalconsequences,improvingpsychologicalcoping,andreducing

简介：Hamstringmusclestraininjuryisoneofthemostcommoninjuriesinsportsinvolvingsprintingandkicking.Hamstringmusclestraininjuriesoccuratahighrateandhaveahighre-injuryrate,whichresultsinlossoftrainingandcompetitiontime,whichhasasignificantimpactonthequalityoflifeoftheinjuredathletes.~1Preventingandrehabilitatinghamstringmusclestraininjuryisanimportanttaskforcliniciansandscientistsinsportsmedicine.Understandingthemechanismsunderlyinghamstringinjuryiscriticalfordevelopingappropriatestrategiestopreventandrehabilitatehamstringinjuries.Understandingthegeneral

简介：喻摧毁种类损害在涉及疾跑的运动之中是普通的，踢，并且有新潮的屈曲和膝扩展的高速度的有技能的运动或广泛的肌肉变长类型演习。这些损害提出周期性的损害的重要恢复时间和增加的危险性的一个过长的时期的挑战。中的将近三分之一个喻摧毁种类经常与随后的损害在第一年追随者回来以内复发到运动比原版更严重。这高重新损害率建议运动员们可能由于不适当的回来过早地正在回到运动到运动标准。在这篇评论文章，我们描述传染病学，风险因素，微分诊断，和预后一尖锐喻摧毁紧张。基于当前的可得到的证据，我们然后为康复建议一个临床的指南尖锐喻摧毁当估计一个运动员的愿意回到运动时，紧张和一个算法处理在决策帮助临床医生。

简介：<正>Thereisaneedforthepreventionofupperextremityinjuriesthataffectalargenumberofcompetitivebaseballplayers.Currentlyavailableevidencealludestothreepossiblewaystopreventtheseinjuries:1)regulationofunsafeparticipationfactors,2)implementationofexerciseinterventiontomodifysuboptimalphysicalcharacteristics,and3)instructionalinterventiontocorrectimproperpitchingtechniques.Ofthesethreestrategies,instructionofproperpitchingtechniqueisunder-exploredasamethodofinjuryprevention.Therefore,thepurposeofthisreviewwastoexploretheutilityofpitchingtechniqueinstructioninpreventionofpitching-relatedupperextremityinjuriesbypresentingevidencelinkingpitchingtechniqueandpitching-relatedupperextremityinjuries,aswellasidentifyingconsiderationsandpotentialbarriersinpursuingthisapproachtopreventinjuries.Variouskinematicparametersmeasuredusinglaboratory-basedmotioncapturesystemhavebeenlinkedtoexcessivejointloading,andthuspitching-relatedupperextremityinjuries.Aswegainmoreknowledgeabouttheinfluenceofpitchingkinematicsonjointloadingandinjuryrisk,itisimportanttostartexploringwaystomodifypitchingtechniquethroughinstructionandfeedbackwhileconsideringthespecificskillcomponentstoaddress,modeofinstruction,targetpopulation,durationofprogram,andwaystoeffectivelycollaboratewithcoachesandparents.

简介：Hamstringmusclestraininjuryisthemostcommonandprevalentinjuryinsportsinvolvinghigh-speedrunning,suchasAmericanfootball,Australianfootball,Englishrugby,soccer,trackandfield,andcricket.1Hamstringmusclestraininjuryalsohasahighrecurrencerateofupto48%.2Theaveragepracticeandgametimelossduetohamstringinjuryisbetween17and60days,contingentonthegradeofinjury.2Severehamstringmusclestraininjuries,andassociatedrecurrentinju-

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简介：WehavecarefullyreadDr.Yuandhiscolleagues'~1reviewonthemechanismofhamstringmusclestraininjuryinsprinting.Thereisnodoubtthattheyhavedonealotworkinthisfield.Theirviewsarebasedon3piecesofevidence.First,observationsfrominsituanimalmodelssuggestthatmusclestraininjuriesarehighlyassociatedwitheccentriccontractions.Second,themagnitudeofmusclestrain,ratherthantheforce,is

简介：<正>Hamstringstrainsareoneofmostcommonsportsinjuries.Thepurposeofthisliteraturereviewistosummarizestudiesonhamstringstraininjuryrate,mechanism,andriskfactorsinthelastseveraldecadeswithafocusonthepreventionandrehabilitationofthisinjury.Hamstringinjurycommonlyoccursinsportingeventsinwhichhighspeedsprintingandkickingarefrequentlyperformed,suchasAustralianfootball.Englishrugby,Americanfootball,andsoccer.Basicsciencestudieshavedemonstratedthatamusclestraininjuryoccursduetoexcessivestrainineccentriccontractioninsteadofforce,andthatelongationspeedanddurationofactivationbeforeeccentriccontractionaffecttheseverityoftheinjury.Hamstringstraininjuryislikelytooccurduringthelateswingphaseandlatestancephaseofsprintrunning.Shortenedoptimummusclelength,lackofmuscleflexibility,strengthimbalance,insufficientwarm-up,fatigue,lowerbackinjury,poorlumbarposture,andincreasedmuscleneuraltensionhavebeenidentifiedasmodifiableriskfactorswhilemusclecompositions,age,race,andpreviousinjuriesarenon-modifiableriskfactors.Thetheoreticalbasisofsomeoftheseriskfactors,however,islacking,andtheresultsofclinicalstudiesontheseriskfactorsareinconsistent.Futurestudiesareneededtoestablishthecause-and-effectrelationshipsbetweenthoseproposedriskfactorsandtheinjury.

简介：Background:The2mostcitedsportsinjurypreventionresearchframeworksincorporateinterventiondevelopment,yetlittleguidanceisavailableinthesportsscienceliteratureonhowtoundertakethiscomplexprocess.Thispaperpresentsageneralizableprocessfordevelopingimplementablesportsinjurypreventioninterventions,includingacasestudyapplyingtheprocesstodevelopalowerlimbinjurypreventionexercisetrainingprogram(FootyFirst)forcommunityAustralianfootball.Methods:Theinterventiondevelopmentprocessisunderpinnedby2complementarypremises:(1)thatevidence-basedpracticeintegratesthebestavailablescientificevidencewithpractitionerexpertiseandenduservaluesand(2)thatresearchevidencealoneisinsufficienttodevelopimplementableinterventions.Results:Thegeneralizable6-stepinterventiondevelopmentprocessinvolves(1)compilingresearchevidence,clinicalexperience,andknowledgeoftheimplementationcontext;(2)consultingwithexperts;(3)engagingwithendusers;(4)testingtheintervention;(5)usingtheory;and(6)obtainingfeedbackfromearlyimplementers.Followingeachstep,interventioncontentandpresentationshouldberevisedtoensurethatthefinalinterventionincludesevidence-informedcontentthatislikelytobeadopted,properlyimplemented,andsustainedovertimebythetargetedinterventiondeliverers.ForFootyFirst,thisprocessinvolvedestablishingamultidisciplinaryinterventiondevelopmentgroup,conducting2targetedliteraturereviews,undertakinganonlineexpertconsensusprocess,conductingfocusgroupswithprogramendusers,testingtheprogrammultipletimesindifferentcontexts,andobtainingfeedbackfromearlyimplementersoftheprogram.Conclusion:Thissystematicyetpragmaticanditerativeinterventiondevelopmentprocessispotentiallyapplicabletoanyinjurypreventiontopicacrossallsportssettingsandlevels.Itwillguideresearcherswishingtoundertakeinterventiondevelopment.

简介：Background:Preventinganteriorcruciateligament(ACL)injuriesisimportanttoavoidlong-termadversehealthconsequences.Identifyingbarrierstoimplementationofthesepreventionprogramsiscrucialtoreducingtheincidenceoftheseinjuries.OurpurposewastoidentifybarriersofimplementationforACLinjurypreventionprogramsandsuggestmechanismsforreducingthebarriersthroughapplicationofaSocioEcologicalModel(SEM).Methods:StudiesinvestigatingACLpreventionprogrameffectivenessweresearchedinMedlineviaPubMedandtheCochraneLibrary,andasubsequentreviewofthereferencesoftheidentifiedarticles,yielded15articlestotal.Inclusioncriteriaencompassedprospectivecontrolledtrials,publishedinEnglish,withACLinjuriesastheprimaryoutcome.Studieswereindependentlyappraisedby2reviewersformethodologicalqualityusingthePEDroscale.Barrierstoimplementationwereidentifiedwhenreportedinatleast2separatestudies.ASEMwasusedtosuggestwaystoreducetheidentifiedbarriers.Results:Fivebarrierswereidentified:motivation,timerequirements,skillrequirementsforprogramfacilitators,compliance,andcost.TheSEMsuggestedwaystominimizethebarriersatalllevelsofthemodelfromtheindividualthroughpolicylevels.Conclusion:IdentificationofbarrierstoprogramimplementationandsuggestinghowtoreducethemthroughtheSEMisacriticalfirststeptowardenablingACLpreventionprogramstobemoreeffectiveandultimatelyreducingtheincidenceoftheseinjuries.

简介：目的:研究损伤严重程度感知(ISP)评分法在测试急性挥鞭样损伤患者中的复测可重复性。方法:在基层保健中心连续对急性阶段患急性挥鞭样损伤患者采用ISP评分。ISP是一种通过数字等级进行评分,其测量范围从0到10,受试者被要求指出他们自认为的受伤严重程度。0代表'无损伤',10代表'严重且永久性损伤'。利用ISP问卷对同一批受试者在招募完成时及7天后进行评分。复测可重复性由一致百分率和在两个时间点进行的Kappa分析进行计算。锚定两端分别标记为'没有损伤'(0)和'严重损伤,可能是永久性损伤'(10)。结果:实验包括94名研究对象(34名男性,60名女性,平均年龄为40.6±10.0岁,范围19-60岁),在刚招募时JSP平均得分为4.9±1.7(评分在2-9之间),一周后ISP平均得分为5.1±2.1(评分在2-9之间)。在ISP的两次重复测量中百分比一致率为86%,Kappa系数为0.79。结论:这项研究表明ISP复测可重复性在预后研究中偏倚风险较低。ISP评分法在急性挥鞭样损伤患者的流行病学研究中具有相当高的可靠性。

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简介：Inarecentpaper,Donaldsonetal.~1arguedthatlowerextremityinjuriescanbeprevented.Evidence-basedsportsinjurypreventiveexerciseprogramsusuallyhavelimitedimpactonpublichealthbecausetheyarenotwidelyadoptedorsustainedintoregulartrainingroutines.Onereasonforthisisthattheinterventionprogrammaynotseemrelevantforthespecific