简介:Manyenvironmentproblemsofthefullusingofseveralcategoriesofprocessingincludemining,heatgenerators,directcombustionofforestfires,cementproduction,powerplant,transport,medicalwaste.Dioxin/furanreleasesfromthesecategoriesareoneoftheseenvironmentproblems.PossiblelinesofreducingthePCDD/PCDF(Polychlorinateddibenzo-para-dioxins/Polychlorinateddibenzofurans)releasesfromthesecategoriesareelucidated.Thecontributionofthispaperispresenttheidentificationandestimationofthelatestfigureofdioxin/furanreleasesintheclimateofenvironmentofJordanintheperiod2000-2008fromthefollowingcategories(cement,aluminum,ceramic,medicalwaste,powerplant,landfill,ferrousandnon-ferrousmetals,uncontrolledcombustionprocess(biomassburning,wasteburning,accidentalfiresinhouse,transport).ThesefindingshowsthesignofgrowthofestimatedPCDD/PCDFreleasesfromcategorieswhichdidnotcalculatedandfollowedafter2003.TheresultshowsthehighestPCDD/PCDFreleasefromlandfillfires(62.75gTEQ/year),medicalwaste(8.8264gTEQ/year),andtransport(3.0145gTEQ/year).Jordanseeksbynextyears,areductionintotalreleasesofdioxinsandfuransfromsourcesresultingfromhumanactivity.ThischallengewillapplytotheaggregateofreleasestotheairnationwideandofreleasestothewaterwithintheJordanarea.Jordanshouldconductairmonitoringfordioxininordertotrackfluctuationsinatmosphericdepositionlevels.
简介:Fieldmeasurementofstrongwindcharacteristicsisofgreatsignificanceforthedevelopmentofbridgewindengineering.LocatedineastChina,theRunyangSuspensionBridge(RSB)withamainspanof1490misthelongestbridgeinChinaandthethirdlongestintheworld.Duringthelastfouryears,theRSBhassufferedfromtyphoonsandstrongnorthernwindsonmorethantenoccasions.TodeterminethestrongwindcharacteristicsoftheRSB,windmeasurementdataobtainedfromfieldtestsduringstrongwindsanddatafromthewindenvironmentmonitoringsubsystemofthestructuralhealthmonitoringsystem(SHMS)oftheRSBwerecombinedtoanalyzethewindspeedanddirection,variationinwindspeedwithheight,turbulenceintensity,turbulenceintegrallength,windfrictionspeedandthepowerspectrum.Comparativestudiesonthecharacteristicsofthesedifferentstrongwindswerecarriedoutbasedonthecurrentwind-resistantdesignspecificationforhighwaybridges.ResultsshowedthatsomeregularityinwindcharacteristicscanbefoundinthesedifferenttyphoonspassingthroughtheRSB.Thedifferencebetweenastrongnorthernwindandatyphoonisrelativelyclear,andinsummerthetyphoonisthedominantwindloadactingontheRSB.Inaddition,thereweresomedifferencesbetweenthemeasuredstrongwindcharacteristicsandthevaluessuggestedbythespecification,especiallyinrespecttoturbulenceintensityandturbulenceintegrallength.ResultsprovidemeasurementdataforestablishingastrongwindcharacteristicdatabasefortheRSBandfordeterminingthestrongwindcharacteristicparametervaluesofthiscoastalareaineastChina.