简介：输尿管痉挛性疼痛绝大部分为输尿管结石、输尿管炎症等所致，疼痛剧烈，呈放射性，常以急症就诊。在明确诊断后，解除患者的剧烈疼痛应为首先采取的治疗措施。自1995—08／1998—10用维生素K3加阿托品治疗输尿管痉挛性疼痛85例，镇痛效果良好，现分析如下。

简介：患者男，40岁。因乏力、纳差1年加重伴腹胀1周于2006年6月27日入院。缘于2005年5月起出现乏力、纳差、肝功能异常，在当地医院诊断为慢性乙型肝炎，经保肝降酶等治疗症状缓解，继续工作。近1周因疲劳后再次出现乏力、纳差伴腹胀。体检：体温36．5℃，脉搏80次／分，呼吸17次／分，血压110／70mmHg。神志清楚，慢性肝病面容，皮肤、巩膜轻度黄染，有蜘蛛痣，心肺听诊无异常。腹平软，无明显腹壁静脉曲张，腹部无压痛，肝肋下未触及，脾肋下2cm，质地中等，移动性浊音（±）。

简介：AIMToinvestigatetheroleofthecomplement5a(C5a)/C5areceptor(C5aR)pathwayinthepathogenesisofacuteliverfailure(ALF)inamousemodel.METHODSBALB/cmicewererandomlyassignedtodifferentgroups,andintraperitonealinjectionsoflipopolysaccharide(LPS)/D-galactosamine(D-GalN)(600mg/kgand10μg/kg)wereusedtoinduceALF.TheKaplanMeiermethodwasusedforsurvivalanalysis.Serumalanineaminotransferase(ALT)levels,atdifferenttimepointswithina1-wkperiod,weredetectedwithabiochemistryanalyzer.Pathologicalexaminationoflivertissuewasperformed36hafterALFinduction.Serumcomplement5(C5),C5a,tumornecrosisfactor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,high-mobilitygroupproteinB1(HMGB1)andsphingosine-1-phosphatelevelsweredetectedbyenzyme-linkedimmunosorbantassay.Hepaticmorphologicalchangesat36hafterALFinductionwereassessedbyhematoxylinandeosinstaining.ExpressionofC5aR,sphingosinekinase1(SphK1),p38-MAPKandp-p38-MAPKinlivertissue,peripheralbloodmononuclearcells(PBMCs)andperitonealexudativemacrophages(PEMs)ofmiceorRAW264.7cellswasanalyzedbywesternblotting.C5aRmRNAlevelsweredetectedbyquantitativereal-timePCR.RESULTSActivationofC5andup-regulationofC5aRwereobservedinlivertissueandPBMCsofmicewithALF.BlockadeofC5aRwithaC5aRantagonist(C5aRaC5aRa)significantlyreducedthelevelsofserumALT,inflammatorycytokines(TNF-α,IL-1βandIL-6)andHMGB1,aswellasthelivertissuedamage,butincreasedthesurvivalrates(P<0.01forall).BlockadeofC5aRdecreasedSphK1expressioninbothlivertissueandPBMCssignificantlyat0.5hafterALFinduction.C5aRapretreatmentsignificantlydownregulatedthephosphorylationofp38-MAPKinlivertissuesofALFmiceandC5astimulatedPEMsorRAW264.7cells.Moreover,inhibitionofp38-MAPKactivitywithSB203580reducedSphK1proteinproductionsignificantlyinPEMsafterC5astimulation.CONCLUSIONTheC5a/C5aRpath