简介：Recently,thehumancochleahasbeenshowntocontainnumerousresidentmacrophagesundersteady-state.Themacrophagesaccumulateinthestriavascularis,amongtheauditorynerves,andarealsospottedinthehumanorganofCorti.ThesemacrophagesmayprocessantigensreachingthecochleabyinvasionofpathogensandinsertionofCIelectrode.Thus,macrophagesexecuteaninnate,andpossiblyanadaptiveimmunity.Here,wedescribethemolecularmarkersCD4andCD8ofTcells,macrophagemarkersMHCⅡandCD11b,aswellasthemicroglialmarkersTEME119andP2Y12,inthehumancochlea.Immunohistochemistryandtheadvantageoussuper-resolutionstructuredilluminationmicroscopy(SR-SIM)wereusedinthestudy.CD4~+andCD8~+cellswerefoundinthehumancochleae.Theywereseeninthemodiolusinasubstantialnumberadjacenttothevessels,intheperipheralregionoftheRosenthal’scanal,andoccasionallyinthespiralligament.Whilethereareasurprisinglylargenumberofmacrophagesinthestriavascularisaswellasbetweentheauditoryneurons,CD4~+andCD8~+cellsarehardlyseenintheseareas,andneitherareseenintheorganofCorti.Inthemodiolus,macrophages,CD4~+andCD8~+cellsappearedofteninclusters.InteractionbetweenthesedifferentcellswaseasilyobservedwithSR-SIM,showingcloselyplacedcellbodies,andtheprocessesfrommacrophagesreachingoutandtouchingthelymphocytes.OtherwisetheCD4~+andCD8~+cellsinhumancochleartissuearediscretelyscattered.Thepossiblerolesoftheseimmunecellsarespeculated.

简介：摘要目的探讨鼻中隔偏曲合并变应性鼻炎手术治疗方法及临床效果。

简介：目的应用流式细胞技术探讨面神经损伤急性期T细胞功能状态及其病理生理意义，为揭示外伤性面瘫的神经免疫机制提供理论依据。方法制备面神经轴切损伤模型小鼠，分别于损伤后3天、2周分离小鼠肠系膜淋巴结（mesentericlymphnode，MLN）、术侧颈部引流淋巴结（cervicaldraininglymphnode，CDLN）细胞，进行双色免疫荧光标记。以流式细胞术分析T细胞上CD69分子的表达情况。结果手术后3天，面神经损伤组颈部引流淋巴结T细胞CD69表达的百分率与相应手术对照组相比较差异有显著性（P=0．0457）；而神经损伤组、手术对照组肠系膜淋巴结T细胞CD69表达的百分率与正常小鼠相比较差异无显著性（P值分别为0．2817、0．2724）。面神经轴切损伤后2周，神经损伤组CDLN的T细胞CD69表达的百分率仍然维持在较高水平，神经损伤组MLN的T细胞CD69表达的百分率出现上调，与相应对照组及术后3天时相比较差异均有显著性（P值分别为0．0082、0．0133）。结论面神经轴切损伤3天、2周时，颈部引流淋巴结存在T细胞活化并上调；在2周时。肠系膜淋巴结也出现低水平的T细胞活化。提示面神经损伤急性期。伴随着一个局部免疫应答向全身免疫应答转化的过程，在一定程度上有利于机体协调控制免疫应答的规模与方向。

简介：［摘要］目的研究胃癌中基质金属蛋白酶-9和CD105表达的关系。方法选择49例经病理确诊的胃癌患者和20例正常胃组织为研究对象，采用免疫组织化学法检测MMP-9阳性表达率和CD105标记的微血管密度（MVD）。结果胃癌组织MMP-9阳性表达率、血管密度（MVD）明显高于正常胃组织（67.35%vs25.00%，37.69±9.27vs16.22±5.92）（P<0.05）；低度分化、浆膜层以外、有淋巴转移胃癌MMP-9、MVD明显高于高+中度分析、未及浆膜层、无淋巴转移胃癌（P<0.05）。结论MMP-9和CD105表达与胃癌的发生、进展密切相关，能预测胃癌的病理分化程度、浸润深度及淋巴结转移情况。

简介：Objective:Toinvestigateimmune-relatedgeneticbackgroundinbilateralsuddensensorineuralhearingloss(SSNHL).Casereportandmethods:Thecaseisa45-year-oldmanpresentingwitha7-yearhistoryofbilateralprofoundSSNHL.Bloodbiochemicaltestingdemonstratedincreasedlevelsoftotalcholesterol(5.88mmol/L).TestsforhepatitisBshowedapositiveantibodyagainstthehepatitisBcoreantigen.ComplementC3wasbelowthenormalvalue,andcomplementC4andIgGwereinthelowerrangeofnormalvalues.CTimagesshowedanormalinnerearandvestibularaqueductbutroundwindowmembranousossificationonbothsides.Atotalnumberof232immuneassociatedgenesweresequencedusingthenextgenerationsequencingtechnique.Results:Mutationsweredetectedin5genes,includingthephosphoinositide3-kinasecatalyticsubunitdelta(PIK3CD),caspaserecruitmentdomain-containingprotein9(CARD9),complementfactorH-related(CFHR2),immunoglobulinlambda-likepolypeptide1Protein(IGLL1),andtransmembranechannel-likegenefamily8(TMC8).InthePIK3CDgene,aC896Tsubstituteinexon7wasdetected.Thismutationcausesprimaryimmunodeficiencyandisanautosomaldominantdisease.Conclusion:ThePIK3CDC896TmutationresponsibleforprimaryimmunodeficiencymaycontributetotheonsetofbilateralSSNHLwithsubsequentrapidprogression.