简介：目的为了探讨喉癌与蛋白激酶C(PKC)活性的关系。方法应用Takai蛋白浓度梯度,通过同位素放射活性测定PKC活性。结果癌组织胞浆中PKC比活性(6.63±0.64pmol/mg.min)显著高于正常组织胞浆中PKC比活性(4.73±0.54pmol/mg.min)。结论提示癌组织中PKC活性升高很可能是被癌基因激活。

简介：血管生成素(angiopoietin,Ang)是特异性作用于血管内皮细胞的生长因子,主要由Ang-1和Ang-2组成;Tie2(tyrosinekinasethatcontainsimmunoglubin-likeloopsandepidernalgrowthfactor-similardomains2)是其共同受体.Ang-1促使血管成熟,维持血管稳定.Ang-2则拮抗Ang-1的作用,始动病理性新生血管形成.在眼部新生血管形成过程中Ang/Tie2受体途径起重要作用,抑制Ang/Tie2受体途径可以抑制眼部新生血管形成.

简介：目的:探讨脉络膜厚度和特发性黄斑前膜(idiopathicmacularepiretinalmembrane,IMEM)发生发展的关系。方法:回顾性分析2014-01/2016-12期间我院就诊的IMEM患者48例48眼,并选取同期体检健康者50例的右眼进行对照,比较IMEM组患眼、健眼及对照组黄斑中心凹脉络膜厚度(subfovealchoroidalthickness,SFCT)水平,随访观察术后IMEM患者患眼及健眼SFCT水平变化,并分析术后脉络膜厚度和最佳矫正视力的相关性。结果:术前IMEM组患眼SFCT(362.22~40.75m)明显较对侧健眼(410.56~38.45m)及对照组右眼(420.73~39.63m)低,且对侧健眼较对照组右眼低,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。IMEM组患者术后1wk患眼和健眼SFCT与术前比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),而术后1mo患眼和健眼SFCT均显著升高,和术前相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),此后SFCT值趋于稳定,而术后1mo患眼和健眼比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术前不同SFCT值患者术后BCVA≥0.5患者构成比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且SFCT值>380m组术后BCVA≥0.5患者构成比明显较<320m组和320~380m组高,经Fisher确切概率法分析,差异有统计学意义。经Pearson分析,IMEM患者术后脉络膜厚度和术后最佳矫正视力存在正相关性(r=0.629,P<0.05)。结论:脉络膜变薄可能是IMEM的重要诱因,且术前脉络膜厚度对术后视力恢复也有一定影响。

简介：转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）作为一种生长因子,在角膜纤维修复反应中发挥的生物学效应和作用机制成为近年来研究的热点。TGF-β可通过Smad等信号传导通路调控修复细胞的生物学行为,充分发挥角膜基质细胞促进细胞增殖、细胞外基质形成、诱导细胞移行的正效作用。我们就TGF-β的概况、分子结构、TGF-β受体、信号传导通路、眼前节的分布、在角膜上的生物学功能以及在准分子激光屈光性角膜手术愈合中的研究作一综述。

简介：目的：探讨中老年人群高脂血症、糖尿病与年龄相关性白内障（age-relatedcataract,ARC）的关系。方法：采用以医院为基础的病例对照研究方法,病例组由年龄45～85岁的360例ARC患者所组成;对照为与病例同期入住相同医院,未患与ARC有关眼病的360例患者,对照组与病例采取1：1匹配方式。采用自行设计的调查表对研究对象进行调查,内容包括人口学特征、生活方式、疾病既往史等,同时收集研究对象的临床生化检测资料,包括空腹血糖、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、总胆固醇（TC）及甘油三酯（TG）等。采用多因素Logistic回归分析,估计研究因素与ARC关联的比值比（OR）及其相应的95%可信区间（CI）。结果：调整了年龄和性别因素后,高脂血症、高脂血症病程、TC及TG与发生ARC的危险性无关（P〉0.05）,仅HDL-C下降与发生ARC的危险性升高有关（OR=1.519,95%CI：1.093～2.110,P=0.013）。在调整了多种潜在性混杂因素后,经多因素Logistic回归分析的结果显示,空腹血糖受损的研究对象发生ARC的危险性升高了73%（OR=1.734,95%CI：1.102～2.725,P〈0.001）,而已确诊的糖尿病患者发生ARC的危险性升高了94%（OR=1.938,95%CI：1.293～2.906,P〈0.001）。糖尿病病程也与ARC呈显著性正相关,糖尿病病程〈10a和10～19a的病例发生ARC的危险性分别是未患糖尿病对照的2倍（OR=2.347,95%CI：1.502～3.752,P=0.010）和3倍（OR=2.683,95%CI：1.267～5.683,P〈0.001）。结论：HDL-C下降及糖尿病可使中老年人群发生ARC的危险性增加。

简介：目的：评价内直肌肌细胞数与共同性外斜视手术效果的关系。方法：收集18例共同性外斜视内直肌和14例正常内直肌，行HE染色观察，用斜视积分法评价手术效果。结果：间歇性外斜视组手术前后的斜视积分差显著高于恒定性外斜视（P〈0．01）；光镜下斜视组内直肌横断面肌纤维排列疏松，间质成分多；斜视组内直肌肌细胞数极显著低于正常内直肌（P〈0．01），与病程和手术前后的斜视积分差显著相关（P〈0．05）。结论：内直肌肌细胞减少是导致共同性外斜视的直接原因，是斜视手术效果下降的重要因素。

简介：本着“想读者之所想，急作者之所急”全心全意为广大作者、读者服务的精神，本刊正式开辟论文优先／加急发表绿色通道。①对全英文论文扣省部级以上基金项目论文，本刊将优先审阅，优先发表；②对作者要求加急发表的普通论文，本刊将根据作者要求加急审阅，审稿通过者可加急发表，并根据加急程度适当收取加急费。需要加急的作者请投稿时注明并留下联系方式，本刊将竭诚为您服务。

简介：目的探讨电话回访、微信等方式对闭角型青光眼患者出院后进行延伸护理服务,以提高患者遵医行为和改善护患关系的影响。方法将160例闭角型青光眼患者随机分为对照组和观察组各80例,对观察组患者于出院后第一周开始电话回访,以后分别于两周、一月、三月、六月、一年回访。对照组采用常规方法。一年后对2组患者遵医行为和再入院人数及满意度进行评价。结果观察组患者在随访期间遵医行为人数及满意度调查,明显好于对照组,再入院人数明显少于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论延伸护理服务有利于患者掌握闭角型青光眼相关的健康教育知识,增强患者遵医行为,调动患者的主观能动性,对延缓病情进展、预防并发症、减少再入院次数、减轻经济负担、提高生活质量起到了促进作用。

简介：目的：探讨中老年人膳食碳水化合物及脂肪摄入量与年龄相关白内障（age-relatedcataract,ARC）危险性之间的关系。方法：采用以医院为基础的病例对照研究方法。病例由45～85岁的360例白内障患者组成,对照由同期入住相同医院的360例非白内障的患者组成,采取1∶1匹配。采用自行设计的调查表对研究对象进行调查,内容包括人口学特征、生活方式、以及既往史等,同时还采用一份有效的半定量化食物频率调查表（FFQ）,获取研究对象膳食营养素的摄入情况。应用多因素Logistic回归分析估计碳水化合物及脂肪摄入量与ARC关联的比值比（OR）及其相应的95%可信区间（CI）。结果：调整多种潜在性混杂因素后,碳水化合物摄入量增加可使发生ARC的危险性升高,与摄入量为最低四分位数的对照相比较,摄入量为最高四分位数的病例发生ARC的OR为2.161（95%CI：1.107～5.016,P〈0.001）。同样,多不饱和脂肪酸摄入量也与ARC呈正相关,摄入量为最高四分位数的病例发生ARC危险性是最低四分位数对照的3倍（OR=2.989,95%CI：1.764～5.062,P〈0.001）。总脂肪摄入量与ARC无关（P=0.778）。结论：膳食碳水化合物及多不饱和脂肪酸摄入量增加可使发生ARC的危险性升高,合理营养、平衡膳食可能有助于预防ARC。

简介：AIM:Toexploretheeffectofsaturatedhydrogensalineonbluelight-inducedretinaldamageinrats.·METHODS:Theretinaldamageofratswasinducedbybluelightexposurefor6hoursandexamined8hours,16hoursand24hoursaftertheexposure.OnehundredfemaleSprague-Dawleyratswererandomlydividedintofourgroups.Group1included30ratsreceivedlightexposurewithoutanyothertreatment.Group2included30ratsreceivedlightexposurewithintraperitonealinjectionofnormalsaline.Group3included30ratsreceivedlightexposurewithintraperitonealinjectionofsaturatedhydrogensaline.AndGroup4includedtheother10ratswhichdidnotreceiveanytreatment.Theamountofintraperitonealinjectionofsaturatedhydrogensalineandnormalsalinewascalculatedintheratioof1ml/100gofratweight.SpecimenswerecollectedandprocessedbyH-Estaining,ultrastructureobservation,biochemicalmeasurement.Morphologicalchangeswereobservedbylightmicroscopeandtransmissionelectronmicroscope(TEM)andtheretinalouternuclearlayer(ONL)thicknesswasmeasuredbyIPP6.0,whilethemalondialdehyde(MDA)wasmeasuredbycolorimetricdeterminationat532nm.·RESULTS:AlthoughthestructureofretinainGroup1andGroup2wasinjuredheavily,theinjuryinGroup3wasmild.ThedifferencesbetweenGroup1andGroup2werenotsignificant.ComparedwiththeratsinGroup1andGroup2,theonesinGroup3hadmoreclearlydemarcatedretinastructureandmoreorderedcellsbylightmicroscopeandTEMobservation.TheONLthicknesses(400times)offourgroupsateachtimepointexceptbetweenGroup1andGroup2weresignificantlydifferent(P<0.05).ThethicknessesoftheONLinGroup1atthreetimepointswere30.41±4.04μm,26.11±2.82μmand20.63±1.06μm,inGroup2were31.62±4.54μm,25.08±3.63μmand19.07±3.86μm,inGroup3were29.75±3.62μm,28.83±1.97μmand27.61±1.83μm.InGroup4themeanofthethicknesswas37.35±1.37μm.Astimewentby,thedamageg

简介：AIM:Anaerobicbacteriacancauseocularinfections.WetestedtheOxyPlateTMAnaerobicSystem(OXY)toisolatepertinentanaerobicbacteriathatcancauseoculardisease.METHODS:OXY,whichdoesnotrequiredirectanaerobicconditions(i.e.bags,jars),wascomparedtoconventionalisolationofincubatingculturemediainanaerobicbags.Standardcoloniescountswereperformedonanaerobicocularbacterialisolatesunderaerobicandanaerobicconditions(anaerobicbags)usingagarmedia:1)OXY(aerobiconly),2)5%sheepblood(SB),3)Chocolate,and4)Schaedler.Thebacteriatestedwerede-identifiedocularisolatesculturedfromendophthalmitisanddacryocystitisthatinclude10Propionibacteriumacnesand3Actinomycesspecies.Thecolonycountsforeachbacteriaisolate,oneachculturingcondition,wererankedfromlargesttosmallest,andnon-parametricallycomparedtodeterminethebestculturingcondition.RESULTS:Allanaerobicconditionswerepositiveforalloftheanaerobicisolates.SBandSchaedler’sagarunderaerobicconditionsdidnotsupportthegrowthofanaerobicbacteria.SparsegrowthwasnotedonchocolateagarwithPropionibacteriumacnes.Asananaerobicsystem,SBinananaerobicbagisolatedhighercolonycountsthanOXY(P=0.0028)andchocolateagar(P=0.0028).CONCLUSION:AlthoughOXYdidnottesttobemoreefficientthanotheranaerobicsystems,itappearstobeareasonablealternativeforisolatinganaerobicbacteriafromocularsites.Theuseofanagarmediuminaspeciallydesignedplate,withouttherequirementofananaerobicbag,renderedOXYasanadvantageoverotheranaerobicsystems.

简介：AIM:TodiscusstheimpactofLyciumBarbarumPolysaccharide(LBP)andDanshensupurifiedfromTraditionalChineseMedicine(TCM)onvascularendothelialgrowthfactor(VEGF)ofrabbitswithretinalneovascularization.METHODS:Fortyrabbitsweredividedintonormalcontrolgroup,modelcontrolgroup,LBPgroupandDanshensugroup.Animalsinthenormalcontrolgroupwerefedinthenormaloxygenenvironment.Animalsintheotherthreegroupswereputintotheenvironmentwith70%oxygenfor5daysinordertobuildthemodelofoxygen-inducedvascularproliferationretinopathy.AndthendifferentTCMextractwasinjectedintotheabdominalcavitiesoftheseannimals.After7days,theVEGFcontentofintheserumofrabbitwasmeasuredbydoubleantibodysandwichmethod.RESULTS:DataanalysisindicatedthatVEGFcontentwasasfollows:Danshensugroupwaslowerthanmodelcontrolgroup(12.92±3.84ng/Lvs19.32±4.15ng/L,P<0.05);LBPgroupandnormalcontrolgroupwerelowerthanmodelcontrolgroup(12.92±3.84ng/L,9.26±1.61ng/Lvs19.32±4.15ng/L,P<0.01);totalbloodviscosity,plasmaviscosity,cholesterolcontent,fibrinogencontentandtriacylglycerolcontentafterperitonealinjectionofLBPandDanshensuwereobviouslylowerthanbeforeinjection.CONCLUSION:TCMextract-LBPandDanshensucanprominentlyreducethecontentofVEGFintheprocessofvascularproliferativeretinopathyofrabbit;canpreventtheoccurrenceofretinalmicrovasculardiseasebyimprovingpartialoxygen-deficientenvironmentoraffectingallkindsofnewgrowthfactor.

简介：AIM:TopresenttheresultsofimplantationofIakymenkokeratoprosthesisinfivepatientswithvascularizedcornealleukomacausedbysevereocularinjury.·METHODS:Iakymenkokeratoprosthesiswasimplantedinto5eyesof5patients:4patientsweresufferedfromchemicalburnsand1patientfromexplosiveinjury.Thepreoperativevisualacuityrangedfromlightperceptiontohandmotion.Theimplantationsurgerywascomposedoftwo-stageprocedures.Thefollow-upperiodwasfrom9monthsto11years.Theoutcomemeasureswerevisualacuity,retention,andcomplicationsofthekeratoprosthesis.·RESULTS:Visionimprovementswereachievedinmostpatients.Allkeratoprosthesiswereretainedwithinthefollow-upperiod.Cornealmeltingoccurredinonepatientandfibrousclosureinanotherpatient,bothofwhichweresuccessfullytreated.Retinaldetachmentoccurredinonepatientaftersurgery.·CONCLUSION:Iakymenkokeratoprosthesisseemstobeapromisingalternativeforthepatientswithseverecornealinjury,butfurtherinvestigationisneededtoevaluatetheroleofIakymenkokeratoprosthesis.

简介：AIM:Toinvestigatethefrequencyofidiopathicphacodonesis(IP)insenilecataractsubjectsandtheshort-termclinicaloutcomesfollowingcataractsurgery.METHODS:Thisinstitutionalcase-controlstudyincluded1301consecutivelow-incomecataractsubjectsfromJunetoNovember2009.Anteriorsegmentwerecarefullyevaluatedwithdilatedpupilunderslit-lamp.IPwerescreenedandgradedbyacriteriasetbytheauthors.Riskfactors,surgicaloutcomes,andoperativecomplicationswereanalyzed.RESULTS:Atotalof42subjects(3.2%)withIPwerediagnosedandclassifiedasgrade1(36subjects),grade2(5subjects)andgrade3(1subject).HarderlensesandintumescentcataractswereobservedintheIPgroupthanthecontrolgroup(P<0.05).Logisticsregressiontestalsoindicatedthemainriskfactorwasthehardnessofthelens.Theincidenceofzonulardialysisduringsurgerywas23.8%(10eyes),whichwassignificantlyhigherthanthecontrols(0.7%,P<0.001).Visualoutcomesofthetwogroupswerenotstatisticallyorclinicallysignificant.CONCLUSION:HardnucleusandintumescentcataractarerelatedtoIPinsenilecataractsubjectsinQinghai,China.Withmorecarebeingtaken,grade1andsomeofthegrade2IPsubjectsachievedsimilarsurgicaloutcomesascomparedtocontrols.

简介：<正>DirSir,IamdoctorGuo-YuanYang,fromtheDepartmentofOphthalmologyofWestChinaHospitalofSichuanUniversityinChengdu,SichuanProvince,China.Iwritetopresentacasereportofposteriorlentiglobuswithcataract.

简介：AIM:Toevaluatechangesintheanteriorchamberdepth(ACD),crystallinelensthickness(LT)anditsrefractivepowerafterlaserinsitukeratomileusis(LASIK).·METHODS:Inallcases,thepreoperativeandpostoperativecentralACDwhichweremeasuredwithPentacam,Orbscan,IOL-MasterandA-scanultrasonography,centralcornealtruenetpowerwhichwasmeasuredwiththePentacam,OrbscanandIOL-Master,axiallength(AL)whichwasmeasuredwithIOL-MasterandLTwhichwasmeasuredwiththeA-scanultrasonographywerecomparedusingthepairedsamplettest.OcularrefractiveerrorsandlensrefractivepoweratcornealplanewerecalculatedandtheircorrelationswerealsoevaluatedbeforeandafterLASIK.RESULTS:At1weekafterLASIK,LTandcrystallinelensrefractivepoweratcornealplane(Dlens)whichwereassociatedwiththeIOL-MasterandPentacamincreasedsignificantly(P≤0.005),ACDdecreasedsignificantly(P≤0.001),butnosignificantincreasewasobservedintheDlenswhichwasassociatedwiththeOrbscan(P=0.261).SignificantcorrelationsbetweenthechangesintheocularrefractiveerrorsandDlenswhichwereassociatedwiththePentacamwereobservedat1weekand6monthsafterLASIK(P=0.028;P=0.001).CONCLUSION:LTincreasedsignificantlyafterLASIK,andthismightpartiallyleadtoACDdecrease,Dlensincreaseandasmallquantityofmyopicregression.

简介：AIM:ToexploretheinhibitoryeffectofasustainedcyclosporinA(CsA)deliverymicrosphere(CsA-MS)onposteriorcapsularopacification(PCO)inrabbiteyesaftercataractextraction.·METHODS:TwentyNewZealandwhiterabbitsacceptedcataractextractionplusintraocularlensimplantationandtheirlefteyeswereintraoperativelyinjectedCsA-MSpreparedusingpolymerpolylactioglycolicacid(PLGA)asacarrierandtheirrighteyeswereinjectedwithemptyMS.Thechangesincornea,anteriorchamberreaction,intraocularpressure,PCOandCsAconcentrationinaqueoushumorwereexaminedpostoperativelyandalltheeyeswereenucleated3monthsaftersurgeryforhistopathologicalandmorphologicalexaminationwithlightmicroscopyandelectronmicroscopy.·RESULTS:Conjunctivalhyperemia,cornealedema,intraocularpressureandanteriorchamberresponseofexperimentalandcontroleyesweresimilar,whilePCOinCsAMSinjectedeyeswasgreatlyimprovedcomparedwiththatincontroleyes.PosteriorcapsulesinCsA-MSinjectedeyesweresmoothandlensepithelialcells(LEC)didnotproliferatesignificantly(P>0.05),whileLECinposteriorcapsuleofcontroleyeshaddifferentdegreesofproliferationandcorticalregeneration.LECinCsA-MSinjectedeyeswerenotfunctionallyactiveandunderwentapoptosis,whereasLECincontroleyeswerefunctionallyactive(F-test,P=0.025).Inaddition,thecornealultrastructureshowednodifferencesbetweenCsA-MSandMSinjectedeyes.CONCLUSION:CsA-MShashighbioavailabilityinrabbiteyesandcouldinhibitpostoperativePCOoccurrenceanddevelopmentduringthestudyperiod,suggestingthatCsA-MSmaybeapromising,effectiveandsafeadministrationroutetopreventPCOinclinic.

简介：AIM:Toinvestigatetheefficacyofnon-buckledvitrectomywithclassicalendotamponadeagentsinthetreatmentofprimaryretinaldetachment(RD)complicatedbyinferiorbreaksandproliferativevitreoretinophathy(PVR).METHODS:Aretrospective,consecutiveandcaseseriesstudyof40patientswithinferiorbreakRDandPVR≥C1wasconducted.Allpatientsunderwentastandard3-port20-gaugeparsplanavitrectomy(PPV)withgasorsiliconeoiltamponadewithoutsupplementaryscleralbuckling.Thevitreousandallproliferativemembranewerecompletelyremoved,andretinectomywasperformedwhennecessary.Themeanfollow-upwas12.5months.Theprimaryandfinalanatomicsuccessrate,visualacuityandcomplicationswererecordedandanalyzed.RESULTS:Primaryanatomicsuccessratewasachievedin35of40eyes(87.5%)andthefinalanatomicsuccessratewas100%.ThemostcommoncauseofredetachmentwasrecurrentPVR.Thebest-correctedvisualacuity(BCVA)atfinalfollow-upwasimprovedin34eyes(85%),remainedstablein1eye(2.5%),andworsenedin5eyes(12.5%).Themeanvisualacuityatfinalfollow-upwasimprovedsignificantly(P=0.000).CONCLUSION:ThisretrospectivestudyprovidesevidencethatvitrectomywithoutscleralbucklingseemedtobeaneffectivetreatmentforinferiorbreakRDwithPVR.Withcompleteremovalofvitreousandproliferativemembranesandtimingofretinectomy,theinferiorbreakswhichcomplicatedwithPVRcouldbeclosedsuccessfullywithoutadditionalscleralbuckling.

简介：AIM:ToinvestigatetheeffectofY-27632onthesurvivalandneuriteoutgrowthoftheculturedretinalneurocytes.METHODS:Afterthepostnatalday2-3,Sprague-Dawleyretinalneurocyteswereculturedfor48hours,theculturemediawasreplacedwithserum-freemedia(controlgroup)andserum-freemediacontained30μmol/LY-27632(Y-27632group),andthecellswerecontinuallyculturedanother48hours.Theculturedretinalneurocyteswereidentifiedwithanti-neuronspecificenolase(NSE)immunocytochemistry.ThesurvivalstateofthosecellswasestimatedbyMTTassay,andtheneuriteoutgrowthofthosecellswasevaluatedbythecomputerizedimage-analysissystem.RESULTS:Comparedwiththecontrolgroup,theabsorbancevaluesofcellssurvivalinY-27632groupincreased12.90%and33.33%respectivelyafter72and96hoursculture.Y-27632hadnosignificanteffectonthediameterofculturedretinalneurocytes.Comparedwiththecontrolgroup,Y-27632inducedastableimprovementofneuriteoutgrowthofretinalneurocytesafter72and96hoursculture(P=0.001).CONCLUSION:Y-27632couldpromotethesurvivalandneuriteoutgrowthoftheearlypostnatalculturedretinalneurocytes.

简介：AIM:Toevaluatetheepidemiologic,anatomic,andclinicalfeaturesofopenglobeinjuriesinchildren.METHODS:Themedicalfilesofpatientsundertheageof16whohadbeenoperatedforanopenglobeinjuryatAkdenizUniversityHospital’sDepartmentofOphthalmologywereretrospectivelyevaluated.RESULTS:Atotalof90patientswereevaluatedinthisstudy.Amongthesepatients,26(28.9%)werefemaleand64(71.1%)weremale.Themeanageofthepatientswas7.7±4.2years.Themale/femaleratiowasobservedtoincreasewithincreasingage(P=0.006,P=7.48).Injuriesweremostlikelytooccurinspringandautumn(P=0.028).Thetimeintervalbetweentheinjuryandthesurgicalrepairwas9.36±27.4h.Forty(44.4%)oftheinjuriesoccurredinthehome,27(30%)occurredintheyard,and21(23.3%)happenedwhileplayinginthestreet.Themostcommoncausesofinjuryweresharpmetalobjects(P<0.001).Injurytothecorneaoccurredin47(52.2%)ofthepatients(P<0.001).Themostcommoncomplicationtooccurwascataractformation.Additionaloperationswerenecessaryfor37(41.1%)ofthepatients.Thefinalvisualacuitywascorrelatedwithboththeinitialvisualacuityofthewoundedeyepriortosurgeryandthelengthofthewound(P<0.001,r=0.502andP<0.001,r=-0.442,respectively).CONCLUSION:Openglobeinjuriesthataresufferedinchildhoodgenerallyoccureitherathome,intheyard,oronthestreet,withsharpmetalobjectsbeingthemostcommoncauseofinjury.Theinitialvisualacuityandthelengthofthewoundarethemostimportantdeterminantsofthefinalvisualacuity.