简介：植物枝条生物力学特性是研究植物地上部分防风抗蚀作用的基础。以内蒙古准格尔露天煤矿排土场平台和边坡上栽植的柠条、沙棘、紫花苜蓿、沙打旺、杨柴、草木犀6种常见水土保持植物的地上部分枝条为研究对象,研究枝条数量特征,确定其代表枝,从而为几种植物枝条生物力学性质的研究提供基础数据和相关参数。代表枝的确定将枝条以0.5mm为一个径级进行分级,分别计算每个径级组的累计枝数量比例、累计枝长比例、累计枝表面积比例和累计枝干质量比例,取这4个值相对较大的径级组作为各自的代表枝。结果表明：柠条代表枝径级为0.5～1和1～1.5mm,沙棘为1～1.5和1.5～2mm,杨柴为0～0.5和0.5～1mm,紫花苜蓿为0.5～1mm,沙打旺为0.5～1和1～1.5mm,草木犀为1～1.5mm。因此,在内蒙古准格尔采煤矿区及相似地区,在植物防风抗蚀生物力学性质的研究中,建议以上述6种水土保持植物作代表枝径级为主要研究范围。

简介：Aerobicstaticpilecomposting(mechanicalturningevery3days)ofpigmanurewaspreparedat8m3windrowheaps.Sawdustwasusedasthebulkingagenttoprovideadditionalcarbonandtoincreasetheporosityofthesubstrate.TwotreatmentsatinitialC/Nratiosof30and15,respectively,weredesignedinthestudy.Dissolvedorganiccarbon(DOC),solubleNH4+-N,C/Nratiosinsolidandaqueousphases,E4/E6ratios,andseedgerminationindex(GI)weredeterminedtoevaluatethematurityoftheco-composts.Seedgerminationindex,abiologicalparameter,wassuggestedasoneofthemostreliablematurityindicatorsfororganiccompost.TheresultsshowedthatthetreatmentattheinitialC/Nratioof30reachedmaturityafter49daysofcomposting;however,thetreatmentattheinitialC/Nratioof15shouldrequirecompostingtimeoflongerthan63daystoobtainmaturation.Chemicalmulti-indicatorevaluationwasnecessary,andtheGImeasurementwastherecommendedapproachformaturityevaluationinthestudy.

简介：为了使基于人工模拟降雨装置的水土保持试验更可靠,采用人工降雨试验方法,通过研究QYJY-503C人工模拟降雨装置的降雨特性,探讨该装置在水土保持科学试验中的适用性。结果表明：1）雨滴达到终速时雨滴-色斑直径的关系为d=0.3839D0.709;2）QYJY-503C人工模拟降雨装置有效降雨均匀度超过80%;3）在试验范围内,雨滴直径随降雨强度增大而增大,雨滴中数直径与降雨强度呈d50=0.5595I0.2805的幂函数关系,相同降雨强度条件下的雨滴直径较天然雨滴偏小20%~70%;4）降雨动能与降雨强度呈E=0.0042I-0.021的线性关系,可通过控制降雨强度实现降雨动能与天然降雨的相似性;5）QYJY-503C人工模拟降雨装置性能稳定、可控性强,可适用于室内土壤侵蚀的研究。

简介：Thechloroformfumigation-incubationmethowasusedtomeasurthesoilmicrobialbiomassC(SMBC)andN(SMBN)in16loessialsoilssampledfromAnsai,YongshouandYanglinginShaanxiProvince.TheSMBContentsinthesoilsrangedfrom75.9to301.0μgCg^-1withanaverageof206.μgCg^-1,accountingfor1.36%-6.24%ofthetotalsoilorganicCwithanaverageof3.07%,andtheSMBNcontentsfrom0.51to68.40μgNg^-1withanaverageof29.4μgNg^-1,accountingfor0.20%-5.65%ofthetotalNinthesoilswithanaverageof3.36%.AcloserelationshipwasfoundbetweenSMBCandSMBN,andtheybothwerepositivelycorrelatedwithtotalorganicC,totalN,NaOHhydrolizableNandmineralizableN.Theseresultsconfirmedthasoilmicrobialbiomasshadacomparativeroleinnutrientcyclesofsoils.

简介：Fivehumicfractionswereobtainedfromauniformly^15N-labelledsoilbyextractionwith0.1molL^-1Na4P2O7,0.1molL^-1NaOH,andHF/HCl-0.1molL^-1NaOH,consecutively,andanalyzedby^13Cand^15NCPMASNMR(crosspolarizationandmagicanglespinningnuclearmagneticresonace).Comparedwiththoseofnativesoilshumicfractionsstudiedasawholecontainedmorealkyls,methoxylsandO-alkyls,being27%-36%,17%-21%and36%-40%,respectively,butfeweraromaticsandcarboxyls(bein14%-20%and13%-90%,respectively),Amongthosehumicfractions,thehumicacid(HA)andfulvicacid(FA)extractedby0.1molL^-1Na4P2O7containedslightlymorecarboxylsthancorrespondinghumicfractionsextractedby0.1molL^-1NaOH,andtheHAextactedby0.1molL^-1NaOHaftertreatmentwithHF/HClcontainedtheleastaromaticsandcarboxyls.Thedistributionofnitrogenfunctionalgroupsofsoilhumicfractionsstudiedwasquitesimilartoeachotherandalsoquitesimilartothatofhumicfractionfromnativesoils.Morethan75%oftotalNineachfractionwasinamidefrom,with9%-13%presentasaromaticand/oraliphaticaminesandtheremainderasheerocyclicN.

简介：Theannualseriesofδ13CweremeasuredintreeringsofthreeCryptomeriafortuneidisks(CF-1,CF-2,andCF-3)collectedfromWestTianmuMountain,ZhejiangProvince,China,accordingtocross-datingtreeringages.Therewasnoobviousdecreasingtrendoftheδ13CannualtimeseriesofCF-2before1835.However,from1835to1982thethreetreeringδ13Cannualseriesexhibitedsimilardecreasingtrendsthatweresignificantly(P≤0.001)correlated.Thedistributioncharacteristicsofascatterdiagrambetweenestimatedδ13CseriesofCF-2frommodelingandtheatmosphericCO2concentrationextractedfromtheLawDomeicecorefrom1840to1978wereanalyzedandacurvilinearregressionequationforreconstructingatmosphericCO2concentrationwasestablishedwithR2=0.98.Also,atestofindependentsamplesindicatedthatbetween1685and1839thereconstructedatmosphericCO2concentrationusingtheδ13CseriesofCF-2hadacloserelationshipwiththeLawDomeandSipleicecores,withastandarddeviationof1.98.ThegeneralincreasingtrendofthereconstructedatmosphericCO2concentrationcloselyreflectedthelong-termvariationofatmosphericCO2concentrationrecordedbothbeforeandaftertheIndustrialRevolution.Between1685and1840theevaluatedatmosphericCO2concentrationwasstable,butafter1840itexhibitedarapidincrease.Givenalongerδ13Cannualtimeseriesoftreerings,itwasfeasibletorebuildarepresentativetimeseriestodescribetheatmosphericCO2concentrationforanearlierperiodandforyearsthatwerenotintheicecorerecord.

简介：通过收集长江三峡库区22个区（县）30个退耕还林样地的调查数据,参考LY/T1721—2008《森林生态系统服务评估规范》,对其中6种主要退耕还林模式涵养水源与保育土壤效益及其价值进行评估。结果表明：1）三峡库区6种主要退耕模式总调节水量（即涵养水源量）达到11.6791亿t/a;调节水量的价值为68.37亿元/a,净化水质价值约为24.42亿元/a,涵养水源总价值约为92.79亿元/a;2）保育土壤总价值为0.9036亿元/a,其中马尾松林、落叶阔叶林、竹林、板栗林、柑橘林和茶林保育土壤的价值分别为1531万、2251万、1031万、2815万、1157万和251万元/a;3）三峡库区不同退耕模式取得的涵养水源效益和保育土壤效益都存在很大差别,因此,对三峡库区退耕还林工程生态效益不能只从总体上进行评价,还应该考虑不同退耕模式的生态效益,以便更好地评价和指导三峡库区退耕还林工程的实施;4）评价一种退耕模式的好坏,还要综合考虑多种生态效益。