简介：Directseededriceispromisingalternativetotraditionaltransplanting,butrequiresappropriatecropandwatermanagementtomaintainyieldperformanceandachievehighwaterproductivity.Presentstudyevaluatedtheeffectofseedprimingandirrigationoncropestablishment,tillering,agronomictraits,paddyyield,grainqualityandwaterproductivityofdirectseededriceinalternatewettinganddrying(DSR-AWD)incomparisonwithdirectseededriceatfieldcapacity(DSRFC).Seedprimingtreatmentswereosmo-primingwithKCl(2.2%),CaCl2(2.2%)andmoringaleafextracts(MLE,3.3%)includinghydro-primingascontrol.Amongthetreatments,seedosmo-primedwithMLEemergedearlierandhadhigherfinalemergence,followedbyosmo-primingwithCaCl2.TilleringemergencerateandnumberoftillersperplantwerethehighestforseedprimingwithCaCl2inDSRAWD.Totalproductiveandnon-productivetillers,paniclelength,biologicalandgrainyields,harvestindexwerehighestforseedprimingwithMLEorCaCl2inDSR-AWD.Similarly,grainquality,estimatedintermsofnormalgrains,abortiveandchalkygrains,wasalsothehighestinDSR-AWDwithMLEosmo-priming.BenefitcostratioandwaterproductivitywasalsothehighestinDSR-AWDforseedprimingwithMLE.Inconclusion,seedprimingwithMLEorCaCl2canbesuccessfullyemployedtoimprovethedirectseededriceperformancewhenpracticedwithalternatewettinganddryingirrigation.

简介：在巴基斯坦的瑞斯生产是由与流行种的技术相关的许多因素的限制。关于新种的技术的可行性的研究(在公寓上的直接播种，在公寓上移植，在山脉上的直接播种，在山脉并且降落伞种上移植)在里面移植，直接湿种子的米饭在DeraIsmail被承担巴基斯坦的北方的Khanregion韦斯特边疆省在2002和2003期间。在种的技术之中，为收益形成和经济评估的最好的表演以在两年期间在公寓上移植闻名。中国降落伞种技术也在大多数参数显示出很有希望的结果。在山脉上的直接播种不能为佼佼者在在两个都收割季节期间种的公寓和降落伞上移植。调查结果结束了与在在区域被练习的所有另外的种的技术上在公寓上移植的传统的米饭一起种技术的降落伞的可行性。

简介：Withdecreasingavailabilityofwaterforagricultureandincreasingdemandforriceproduction,anoptimumuseofirrigationwaterandphosphorusmayguaranteesustainablericeproduction.Fieldexperimentswereconductedin2003and2004toinvestigatetheeffectofphosphorusandirrigationlevelsonyield,waterproductivity(WP),phosphorususeefficiency(PUE)andincomeoflowlandrice.Theexperimentwaslaidoutinrandomizedcompleteblockdesignwithsplitplotarrangementsreplicatedfourtimes.Mainplotconsistedoffivephosphoruslevels,viz.0(P0),50(P50),100(P100),150(P150),and200(P200)kg/hm2,whilesubplotscontainedofirrigationtimes,i.e.8(I8),10(I10),12(I12),and14(I14)irrigationlevels,eachwithawaterdepthof7.5cm.MeanvaluesrevealedthatP150incombinationwithI10producedthehighestpaddyyield(9.8t/hm2)andnetbenefit(1231.8US$/hm2)amongallthetreatments.PhosphorusenhancedWPwhenappliedinappropriatecombinationwithirrigationlevel.ThehighestmeanWP[13.3kg/(hm2?mm)]couldbeachievedatP150withI8anddecreasedwithincreaseinirrigationlevel,whilethehighestmeanPUE(20.1kg/kg)couldbeachievedatP100withI10anddiminishedwithhigherPlevels.TheoverallresultsindicatethatP150alongwithI10wasthebestcombinationforsustainablericecultivationinsiltyclaysoil.