简介：本文旨在剖析影响土地荒漠化发生发展的更深层次的内在的社会经济因素，以及中国治理荒漠化的速度及规模．作者从１１个方面分析了这一问题，其中人口问题、传统习惯、实际问题和认识问题是引起土地荒漠化的根本原因；利益驱动行为、政策、宣传失误、法律、法规不健全和组织领导等主观原因，虽然是很重要的，但如严肃对待较易解决．经济水平、科学技术及资金投入虽然也重要，但在目前防治荒漠化过程中并不是根本的限制因子，在短时期内难以彻底解决，而必须在实践中逐步加以解决．

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简介：TheeconomictransformationinChinahascausedsignificantchangestolaborrelations.Ithasmadethelaborrelationsmorecomplexandlaborconflictsapparentandfrequent.Howeverthecoordinationmechanismhasnotbeendevelopedcorrespondingly.Basedontheempiricalresearchuponcurrentdomesticandoverseaslaborrelations,itisconcludedthatthesupplyoflaborforceexceedingthedemandofitisthefundamentalreasonsforexplaininglaborconflictsintheeconomictransformationinChina.Italsosuggestedthatthecoordinationmechanismoflaborconflictshasmechanicaldysfunctionandthestructureofharmoniclaborrelationswouldtakealongtime.

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简介：AccordingtothecultivatingpracticeofLarixolgensispulpplantation,IRR(Internalrevenuerate)andNPV(Netpresentvalue)weretakenastwoeconomicindicestostudytheeffectofcultivationmeasurementsoneconomicbenefitofLarixolgensispulpforest.Theresultsshowedthattheeconomicbenefitofthistypeofforestiscloselyrelatedtorotationandsiteclass.Highereconomicbenefitcouldbeobtainedwhentherotationisshorterandsiteclassishigher.Theplantingdensityalsohadanobviousinfluenceoneconomicbenefit.Onthebaseofassuringsurvivalrateandconservingrate,thelessthefeeusedinsoilpreparationandyounggrowthtendingis,thehighertheeconomicbenefitis.Theinfluenceofdeterminedsixcultivationmeas-uresoneconomicbenefitinsequencewastherotation-siteclass-density-managementfeelevel-younggrowthtendingin-tensity-soilpreparationmethods.

简介：Forestsprovidemultipleecological,economicandsocialbenefits.Atrulysustainableforestmanagementshouldleadtoabalancedrealizationoftheseforestvalues.Thispapercategorizestheforestresourcesasappreciatingresourcesanddepreciatingresourcesinaccordancewiththespecificformofforestvalues,anddefinesthemconceptuallyinregardtothecontrastingandcompetitivenatureofthesevalues.Necessarytheoreticdiscussionswerethenmadeforthefeasibilityandoperabilityintermsoft...

简介：Thisstudyprovidesbasisinformationforestimatingthefeasibilityoftheenvironmentalandecologicalforestryconstructionprojectinthearea.ThroughthesurveyinMiyunwatershed,theeconomicalbenefitsofcarbonsequestrationinfivetypicalforesttypeshavebeenstudiedbycalculatingthebiomassfromthetimberaccumulationdataandconvertingtothemoneyvalue.Theresultsshowthat:inthedurationof100years,atadiscountrateof5%,and197RMByuan/tasthepriceofthecarbonsequestration,thepresentvalue(PV)ofthecarbonsequestrationindifferentforestsare:6900-9300yuan/hainChinesepineforest,6100-8200yuan/hainoakforest,4500-6100yuan/hainotherbroadleafforests,2300-3200yuan/hainshrubsand1300-1800yuan/haincypressforest.Theannualmeaneconomicbenefitofcarbonsequestrationis770-1040yuan/ha.Thepineforesthasthehighestcarbonsequestrationbenefit,followedbyoakforest,otherbroadleafforest,shrubs,andcypressforest.Ifthelandissuitableforallforests,pineforestandoakforestshouldbeplantedinordertosequestratemorecarbon.

简介：Applyingtheeconomicprinciples,thisarticlecarriesouttheassessmentofeconomicperformancesbroughtbyforestryresearchachievementthroughresearchanddiscussionontheassessmentmethodofeconomicperformancesofprovenancepopularizationofPinusmassonianaL.Thearticlealsobringsintheoptionmethodtofullydisplaythevalueofforestresearchachievement.

简介：Background:Replacementoffossilfuelbasedenergywithbiochar-basedbioenergyproductioncanhelpreducegreenhousegasemissionswhilemitigatingtheadverseimpactsofclimatechangeandglobalwarming.However,theproductionofbiochar-basedbioenergydependsonasustainablesupplyofbiomass.Although,NorthwesternOntariohasarichandsustainablesupplyofwoodybiomass,acomprehensivelifecyclecostandeconomicassessmentofbiochar-basedbioenergyproductiontechnologyhasnotbeendonesofarintheregion.Methods:Inthispaper,weconductedathoroughlifecyclecostassessment(LCCA)ofbiochar-basedbioenergyproductionanditslandapplicationunderfourdifferentscenarios:1)biocharproductionwithlowfeedstockavailability;2)biocharproductionwithhighfeedstockavailability;3)biocharproductionwithlowfeedstockavailabilityanditslandapplication;and4)biocharproductionwithhighfeedstockavailabilityanditslandapplication-usingSimaPro~,EIOLCA~softwareandspreadsheetmodeling.BasedontheLCCAresults,wefurtherconductedaneconomicassessmentforthebreak-evenandviabilityofthistechnologyovertheprojectperiod.Results:Itwasfoundthattheeconomicviabilityofbiochar-basedbioenergyproductionsystemwithinthelifecycleanalysissystemboundarybasedonstudyassumptionsisdirectlydependentoncostsofpyrolysis,feedstockprocessing(drying,grindingandpelletization)andcollectiononsiteandthevalueoftotalcarbonoffsetprovidedbythesystem.SensitivityanalysisoftransportationdistanceanddifferentvaluesofCoffsetshowedthatthesystemisprofitableincaseofhighbiomassavailabilitywithin200kmandwhenthecostofcarbonsequestrationexceedsCAD$60pertonneofequivalentcarbon(CO_2e).Conclusions:Biochar-basedbioenergysystemiseconomicallyviablewhenlifecyclecostsandenvironmentalassumptionsareaccountedfor.Thisstudyprovidesamediumscaleslow-pyrolysisplantscenarioandwerecommendsimilarexperimentswithlarge-scale