简介:Thispaperpresentsamodifiedhalf-sine-squaredloadmodelofthejumpingimpulsesforasingleperson.Themodelisbasedonadatabaseof22,921experimentallymeasuredsinglejumpingloadcyclesfrom100testsubjects.Threedimensionalmotioncapturetechnologyinconjunctionwithforceplateswasemployedintheexperimenttorecordjumpingloads.Thevariationrangeandprobabilitydistributionofthecontrollingparametersfortheloadmodelsuchastheimpactfactor,jumpingfrequencyandcontactratio,arediscussedusingtheexperimentaldata.Correlationrelationshipsbetweenthethreeparametersareinvestigated.Thecontactratioandjumpingfrequencyareidentifiedasindependentmodelparameters,andanempiricalfrequency-dependentfunctionisderivedfortheimpactfactor.Thefeasibilityoftheproposedloadmodelisestablishedbycomparingthesimulatedloadcurveswithmeasuredones,andbycomparingtheaccelerationresponsesofasingle-degree-of-freedomsystemtothesimulatedandmeasuredjumpingloads.Theresultsshowthatarealisticindividualjumpingloadcanbegeneratedbytheproposedmethod.Thiscanthenbeusedtoassessthedynamicresponseofassemblystructures.
简介:TheeffectsofmagnituderoundingandofthepresenceofnoiseintheroundedmagnitudesontheestimationoftheGutenberg–Richterb-valueareexplored,andthewaystocorrectfortheseeffectsareproposed.Fortypicalvalues,b=1androundingintervalDM=0.1,theroundingerrorisapproximately-10-3anditcanbecorrectedtoanegligibleapproximately-10-5.Forthesametypicalvalues,theeffectofnoisecanbelarger,dependingonthecharacteristicsofthenoisedistribution;fornormallydistributednoisewithstandarddeviationr=0.1,thecorrectb-valuemaybeunderestimatedbyafactor*0.97.
简介:TheextensivedamagetobuildingscausedbytheNepalM_s8.1earthquakehasattractedmuchattentionbytheinternationalcommunity.AfterthepreliminaryscientificinvestigationsonthedifferentaffectedareasinNepal,theconstructionanddamagecharacteristicsoffivedifferenttypesofbuildingscommonlyexistinginNepalwerediscussedandthereasonsoftheirdisasterperformancewereanalyzed.Typesofbuildingsinvestigatedincludereinforcedconcrete(RC)framestructures,rubblestructures,brick-woodstructures,rawsoilstructures,andbrick-woodstructuresofhistoricbuildings.Inaddition,theweaklinksoftheseismicdesignwerepointedout,whichwasveryimportantforthepost-earthquakereconstructionandrecovery,andgaveapreliminaryexplanationsforthedamageexperienced.
简介:摘要地理底图是专题地质图的重要组成部分,提出了采用3S技术进行区域地质地理底图更新的方法,即在原有底图的基础上,结合现势性较强的遥感影像,采用GIS技术进行更新,对于遥感影像变化的区域,采用SDCORS进行更新。结果表明,该方法科学合理,可以满足区域地质地理底图更新的要求。
简介:TheregionaltectonicbackgroundandcharacteristicsofactivefaultsoftheYutianMS7.3earthquakeonFebruary12,2014arediscussedinthispaper.AftertheanalysisoftheepicenterareaoftheMS7.3earthquakein2014andthefocalmechanismsoftheformerstrongearthquakesaroundit,theauthorsdeducedthattheseismogenicfaultoftheMS7.3earthquakeistheeastbranchoftheAshikulefault.TheMS7.3earthquakein2014andtheMS7.3earthquakein2008aretwostrongearthquakeeventsonthedifferentsectionsoftheAltunTaghfault,wherethefaultbehaviorchangesfromsinistralsliptonormalfaultingbecauseoftheextensionaltaileffectsinthesouthernendoftheAltunTaghfault.ItisconcludedthatthetwoMS7.3earthquakeshavethesamedynamicsource,andtheMS7.3earthquakein2008promotedtheoccurrenceoftheMS7.3earthquakein2014.Finally,wecalculatetheCoulombstresschangetotheseismogenicfaultoftheMS7.3earthquakein2014fromtheMS7.3earthquakein2008usingthelayeredcrustmodel.TheresultalsoshowsthattheMS7.3earthquakein2008acceleratedtheoccurrenceoftheMS7.3earthquakein2014.
简介:ThepurposeofthisstudyistoselectasuitableseawindretrievalmethodforFY-3B(MWRI).Basedonthetraditionalempiricalmodelofretrievingseasurfacewindspeed,andinthecaseofsmallsamplesizeofFY-3Bsatelliteloadregressionanalysis,thispaperanalyzesthechanneldifferencesbetweentheFY-3Bsatellitemicrowaveradiationimager(MWRI)andTMIonboardtheTRMM.Thepaperalsoanalyzestheinfluenceofthesedifferencesonthechannelintermsofreceivingtemperature,includingchannelfrequency,sensitivityandscalingprecision.Then,thelimitedrangeofnewmodelcoefficientregressionanalysisisdetermined(inwhichthechannelrangesettingsincludetheinformationandfeaturesofchanneldifferences),theregressionmethodsofthefinitefieldareproposed,andtheempiricalmodelofwindspeedretrievalapplicabletoMWRIisobtained,whichachievesrobustresults.ComparedtotheTAObuoydata,themeandeviationofthenewmodelis0.4m/s,andthestandarddeviationis1.2m/s.Inaddition,theschematicdiagramofthetropicalseasurfacewindspeedretrievalisprovided.
简介:为了核实赤峰1号井2014年初气汞异常现象,安装ATG-6138M测汞仪与原DFG-B测汞仪进行对比观测。ATG-6138M测汞仪观测到赤峰1号井房内空气汞浓度明显高于井孔内逸出汞浓度,表明观测井房可能存在汞污染问题。两台仪器同步观测井孔内逸出气汞浓度结果表明,ATG-6138M测汞仪测试结果稳定,动态清晰,而DFG-B测汞仪观测误差较大。对比DFG-B测汞仪与ATG-6138M测汞仪校准结果认为,DFG-B测汞仪已不能正常观测汞浓度的变化,存在捕汞管老化等仪器问题。综合分析表明,赤峰1号井DFG-B测汞仪存在环境汞污染和仪器老化等因素,且集气装置不符合地震行业标准技术要求,2014年初出现的气汞浓度异常信度不高,不能作为与地震孕育有关的前兆异常信息。
简介:OnthebasisofthepreviousstudiesofthelayeredcrustalmodelintheYutianarea,combinedwiththefieldGPScontinuousobservationdata,weroughlyestimatetheviscouscoefficientofeachlayer.Withtheviscoelastichorizontallayermodel,wecalculatetheviscoelasticco-seismicCoulombstresschangecausedbytheYutianM_S7.3earthquakes2008and2014respectively.BasedontheCoulombstresschange,usingthecalculationmethodof"direct"aftershockfrequency,wecomeupwiththetheoreticalearthquakefrequencydirectlyrelatedtothemainshockandtheco-seismicCoulombstresschangeinthestudyarea.Thenweputforwardamethod,basedonthecomparisonoftheoreticalandactualearthquakefrequencyorthecomparisonbetweentheoreticalandpracticalearthquakefrequency-distancedecaycurvefittingresiduals,toestimatethemagnitudeofamaximumsequentearthquake,directlyrelatedtothemainshockco-seismicCoulombstresschange.Resultscalculatedbydifferentmethodsshowthatthemaximumfollow-upearthquakemagnitudecausedbythecoseismicCoulombstresschangeliesfromM_S7.2toM_S7.5followingYutianM_S7.3earthquakein2008;butthatofthe2014YutianM_S7.3earthquakeisM_S6.3.TheformerisveryclosetotheYutianM_S7.3earthquakein2014.Becauseofthesamemagnitude,relativelyclosespatialdistance,shorttimeinterval,thesameregionoftheexternalforce,thestrongcorrelationbetweentwoseismictectonicandaclearstressinteraction,wethusconsiderthatthetwoYutianM_S7.3earthquakesin2008and2014constituteapairofgeneralizeddoubleshocktypeearthquake.Thisisconsistentwiththesequencetypecharacteristicofpast"doubleshock"earthquakesintheregion.Inthispaper,theinfluenceofthemagnitudelowerlimitandtheb-valueintherelationshipofG-Rontheresultsisdiscussed.Asaresult,whentheviscoelasticcoseismicCoulombstressvariationisdetermined,thelowerlimitofmagnitudehaslittleeffectonthemaximumsequentearthquakemagnitude
简介:利用区域气候系统模式PRECIS(ProvidingRegionalClimatesforImpactsStudies)分析A1B情景下中国区域21世纪3个时段2011~2040年、2041~2070年、2071~2100年最高、最低气温及日较差相对于气候基准时段(1961~1990年)的变化.结果表明:中国区域未来3个时段平均最高、最低气温呈逐渐增大趋势,日较差呈逐渐减小趋势;最高气温增幅分别为1.7、3.2、3.9℃,最低气温增幅分别为1.9、3.6、4.7℃,最低气温增幅与最高气温增幅相比可达1.1倍以上.未来最高、最低气温冬季增幅最大、春季最小,日较差则表现为冬季减小幅度最大、夏季减小不明显.最高、最低气温及日较差变化的空间分布显示,最高气温在东北地区升幅最大,在西北、黄土高原和四川盆地亦有较大幅度的上升,但在青藏高原北部和华南地区升幅较小;最低气温在西北地区升幅最大,在东北和青藏高原北部升幅较大,而四川盆地和华南地区升幅较小;日较差在中国北方地区普遍减小,在青藏高原北部减小最为明显,但在四川盆地与云贵高原东部地区日较差则呈增大趋势.
简介:本文搜集了2014年4月最新提交的附件B35个主要缔约方报告的2008—2012年土地利用、土地利用变化与林业(LULUCF),能源,工业过程,溶剂使用,农业及废弃物6个领域的温室气体(GHG)排放与吸收的数据,估算了第一承诺期各领域的相对减排贡献及各缔约方在各领域做出的减排努力。结果表明,各领域减排量占所有领域总减排量比例由大到小依次为:能源62.6%、工业过程13.9%、农业13.4%、LULUCF7.4%、废弃物2.6%和溶剂使用0.1%;各缔约方在各领域的减排量相当于其基准年总排放量的平均值由大到小分别为:能源8.7%、农业3.0%、LULUCF2.5%、工业过程1.3%、废弃物0.5%和溶剂使用0.1%。总体而言,能源领域是GHG减排的主导领域,农业和LULUCF起到辅助减排的作用;多数缔约方选择的LULUCF活动产生的核算结果表现为弱GHG吸收汇,其利用LULUCF活动履约的减排贡献相对较小,仅相当于能源领域减排量的12%,但对于新西兰和冰岛的贡献较大,其LULUCF活动产生的汇清除抵消了两国在其他5个领域GHG排放量的50%以上。