简介:ThepolycrystallinephaseWO3/g-C3N4wassynthesizedunderstirringusingtungstenicacid(H2WO4)andgraphiticcarbonnitride(g-C3N4)asrawmaterials.ThecatalystwascharacterizedbyX-raydiffraction(XRD),scanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM),energydispersivespectroscopy(EDS),theFouriertransforminfraredspectroscopy(FT-IR),andtheBrunauer-Emmett-Telleranalysis(BET).ThepolycrystallinephaseWO3/g-C3N4wasdeterminedbyXRDtechnique.TheoxidativedesulfurizationprocesswasinvestigatedusingWO3/g-C3N4asthecatalyst,30%hydrogenperoxide(H202)astheoxidant,and1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliumtetrafluoroborate([bmim]BF4)ionicliquids(ILs)astheextractant.Theoperatingconditions,includingH2WO4amount,ILdose,H2O2volume,temperature,catalystdosage,andtypesofsulfurcompounds,weresystematicallyresearched.Thedesulfurizationratecouldreach98.46%forremovingdibenzothiophene(DBT)fromthemodeloilunderoptimalreactionconditions.Inaddition,thecatalyticactivitywasslightlydecreasedafterfiverecyclesofcatalysts.Thereactionkineticsanalysisshowsthattheoxidativedesulfurizationsystemwasinaccordwiththefirst-orderreactionkineticsequation.Themechanismofoxidativedesulfurizationwasproposed.
简介:为了降低苏里格气藏苏25区块新井建产地质风险,提升区域Ⅰ+Ⅱ类井钻井比例,针对该区气藏“低孔隙度、低渗透率、低地层压力、低含气丰度、含气砂体厚度和分布变化大”的特点,需要开展井位优化部署方法研究。在系统整理试气资料的基础上,分析累计产量与无阻流量、套管压力、油管压力、静止压力、流动压力等参数之间的关系发现,求产初期地层流压与平均年产量具有较好的相关性,在原有区域井位优选方法的基础上,结合井底流压与单井平均年产量的相关关系,把求产初期地层流压与换算好的单井平均年产量分别绘制成等值线图并进行叠合,提出了区域“流压-平均年产量”井位部署方法。经过实际应用,该方法实施效果良好,Ⅰ+Ⅱ类井钻井比例明显增加,提高了单井控制储量和气田的采收率。
简介:储集层是控制油层分布的重要因素,储集层特征研究是进行油气勘探开发的重要环节。通过对南堡凹陷高尚堡油田GB区块沙三^3亚段Ⅴ油层组的储集层特征分析以及G32-19井岩心实验孔隙度与渗透率分析数据的剖析可以看出,沙三^3亚段Ⅴ油层组的储集层沉积成因类型为扇三角洲前缘亚相的砂坝与席状砂微相,以粉砂岩、细砂岩、中砂岩为主。碎屑分选、磨圆程度差,搬运距离短,岩石结构、成分成熟度低,呈现近物源、快速沉积的特点。此外,储集层物性研究不仅是孔隙度和渗透率等的单一因素分析,而是搬运沉积作用、沉积环境和成岩作用等一系列因素的综合评价。综合分析储集层物性影响因素认为,该储集层埋深大(〉4000m),泥质含量偏高,压实、胺结等成岩作用发育,是导致原生孔隙减少、物性变差的主要原因;但溶蚀作用又使粒间溶孔发育,是使该储集层物性相对变好的因素,导致孔隙类型以粒间溶孔为主。因此,对单一储集层,评价其物性的优劣,必须从地质构造、沉积相带、岩石类型、成岩阶段、黏土矿物的绝对含量和相对含量、长百和碳酸盐岩颗粒的溶蚀等多方面进行,才能得出正确的结论。
简介:Inthispaper,2-isopropylnaphthalenehasbeensynthesizedbythereactionofnaphthaleneandisopropylbromide,usingtriethylaminehydrochloride-aluminumchlorideionicliquidasthecatalyst.Theeffectofthecatalystcomposition,thereactiontime,thereactiontemperature,theionicliquiddosage,aswellasthemolarratioofthereagentsonthe2-isopropylnaphthaleneyieldwassystematicallyinvestigated.Theoptimalreactionconditionscover:anAlCl3toEt3NHClratioof2.0,areactiontimeof3h,areactiontemperatureof15.0℃,avolumefractionofionicliquidtothemixture(isopropylbromide,n-dodecaneandn-hexane)of9%,andanaphthalene/isopropylbromidemolarratioof4.0.Undertheoptimalreactionconditions,theconversionofisopropylbromidereached98%andtheselectivityof2-isopropylnaphthalenewasequalto80%.ThetestresultsverifiedgoodcatalyticactivityuponusingEt3NHCl-AlCl3ionicliquidasthecatalystforalkylationofnaphthalenewithisopropylbromide.Theactivityoftheionicliquidremainsunchangedafterithasbeenrecycledfor4times.
简介:为了获得塔里木A区古近系地层中膏泥岩在声波测井20kHz频率下纵横波时差之间及与其他静力学参数之间的转换关系.开展了室内1000kHz高频声波测试。根据测试声波波速值、品质因子和频散方程外推20kHz频率的声波波速。2种频率下波速或声波时差对比分析表明:模拟地层条件下转换后的纵波时差(实验校正)与测井纵波时差更为接近;常温到85℃范围内相同净围压下波速和品质因子变化较小,波速变化可以忽略,品质因子变化范围为5%~7%;在不断增加净围压条件下,波速和品质因子都增加,且幅度显著;模拟地层条件下与常温、常压下相比,纵波波速增量为2.7%~8.4%,纵波品质因子增量为27%~58%,膏泥岩频散度为7.4%~24.4%,平均为15.12%,频散度较大。通过对频散方程变形得出了一种可直观表现本区膏泥岩在模拟地层条件下品质因子与波速降低幅度之间的表达式,同时根据膏泥岩品质因子影响因素.将该区古近系地层的膏泥岩纵波按由高到低划分为I,Ⅱ,Ⅲ共3个频散等级,最后探讨了频散效应在横波时差预测中的应用。结果表明:在1000kHz和20kHz频率下,利用纵波时差预测的横波时差在该区膏泥岩声波时差变化范围内,平均相对误差仅2%,误差整体随着石膏含量的增加而增大.这2种频率下纵横波时差拟合公式都可应用到横波时差预测(ft.0用测井纵波时差值进行预测)中,但由于膏泥岩频散度大,因而2种频率间声波时差值变化较大,应用时应进行频散校正。
简介:Alkylationoftoluenewith2-chloro-2-methylpropane(t-Bu-Cl)tosynthesizepara-tert-butyltoluene(PTBT)wascarriedoutinthepresenceoftriethylaminehydrochloride-aluminumchlorideionicliquidsusedasthecatalyst.TheionicliquidswerepreparedwithdifferentmolarratiosofEt3NHCltoAlCl3,andtheeffectofthemolarratiobetweenAlCl3andEt3NHCl,thereactiontime,thereactiontemperature,theionicliquiddosage,aswellasthemolarratiooftoluenetochloro-2-methylpropaneonthealkylationreactionoftoluenewithchloro-2-methyl-propanewasinvestigated.ThetestresultsshowedthattheacidicionicliquidspreparedwithEt3NHClandAlCl3hadgoodactivityandselectivityforthealkylationreactionoftoluenewithalkylchloridetoproducePTBT.TheoptimalreactionconditionswerespecifiedatanAlCl3toEt3NHClratioof1.6,areactiontemperatureof20℃,amassfractionoftoluenetoionicliquidof10%,andachloro-2-methylpropanetotoluenemolarratioof0.5.Underthesuitablereactionconditions,a98%conversionofchloro-2-methylpropaneandan82.5%selectivityofPTBTwereobtained.Ionicliquidscouldbereused5timeswithitscatalyticactivityunchanged,andtheregeneratedionicliquidscanberecycled.