简介:为了规范我国电动自行车产品技术、性能和安全要求,由国家质量技术监督局颁布,于1999年10月1日正式实施的标准号为GB17761—1999《电动自行车通用技术条件》,是国家级的权威性的技术法规,是电动自行车产品必须要达到的技术标准。
简介:Themostcriticalissueinthesteelcatenaryriserdesignistoevaluatethefatiguedamageinthetouchdownzoneaccurately.Appropriatemodelingoftheriser-soilresistanceinthetouchdownzonecanleadtosignificantcostreductionbyoptimizingdesign.Thispaperpresentsaplasticitymodelthatcanbeappliedtonumericallysimulateriser-soilinteractionandevaluatedynamicresponsesandthefatiguedamageofasteelcatenaryriserinthetouchdownzone.Utilizingthemodel,numerousriser-soilelementsareattachedtothesteelcatenaryriserfiniteelements,inwhicheachsimulateslocalfoundationrestraintalongtherisertouchdownzone.Theriser-soilinteractionplasticitymodelaccountsforthebehaviorwithinanallowablecombinedloadingsurface.Themodelwillberepresentedinthispaper,allowingsimplenumericalimplementation.Moreimportantly,itcanbeincorporatedwithinthestructuralanalysisofasteelcatenaryriserwiththefiniteelementmethod.Theapplicabilityofthemodelisinterpretedtheoreticallyandtheresultsareshownthroughapplicationtoanoffshore8.625″steelcatenaryriserexample.Thefatigueanalysisresultsofthelinerelasticriser-soilmodelarealsoshown.Accordingtothecomparisonresultsofthetwomodels,thefatiguelifeanalysisresultsoftheplasticityframeworkarereasonableandthehorizontaleffectsoftheriser-soilinteractioncanbeincluded.
简介:船冰碰撞是船舶碰撞研究领域的热点之一,对冰材料的模拟是船冰碰撞的研究重点。提出一种利用理想弹塑性模型模拟的冰材料本构模型,利用半隐式图形算法计算单元塑性阶段的应力,利用Tsai-Wu屈服准则和经验失效公式用来描述冰的力学行为。利用二次开发功能,将冰材料模型嵌入LS_DYNA程序,并验证该模型的准确性和适用性。研究中针对不同局部形状的冰块与船侧碰撞场景,通过比较分析碰撞力、能量耗散等,探讨冰块的局部形状对碰撞场景的影响。研究结果表明:冰材料模型在大接触面的条件下压力与已有标准吻合较好;在不同的冰块局部形状条件下,船冰碰撞的相互作用过程不同;较钝形状的冰块表现近乎刚体,较尖锐形状的冰块较易破碎。