简介：Sustainableuseofnaturalresourcesandsustainabledevelopmentareconceptsthataregainingmomentumgloballyintheadventofglobalwarmingandclimatechange.ThethresholdfortheentryinforceoftheParisAgreementonClimateChangewasachievedexactly5daysaftertheunveilingofBotswana’sVision2036document.Thisdevelopmentframeworkenvisagessustainableeconomicdevelopmentandclimatechangeadaptation.ThisarticleusesexploratoryresearchmethodologyofsystematicdocumentanalysistoanalyzetheseprinciplesinthecontextofBotswana.Itinvestigatesgovernment’sintentionsinachievingthethirdpillarofthenationalvision.Botswanahasdeclareditsintensionstoreducecarbonemissionsby15%by2030throughtheintendednationallydeterminedcontributions.Whilethecountry’sambitionsarelargelyforward-lookingandalignedwiththoseoftheParisAgreement,theeconomicdiversificationplansofBotswanathreatentopotentiallycontributesignificantlytotheemissionofgreenhousegases.Thearticleappliessustainabilityand/orsustainabledevelopmenttheoryinexaminingtherelationshipbetweentheParisAgreementandBotswana’svision.Itconcludesthatthereislinkbetweenthetwodocuments,bothofwhichareanchoredofthedevelopmentwhichisenvironmentallysustainable.Itfurtherconcludesthatdevelopingnationsshouldmakeinternationalcommitmentswhicharealignedtotheirdevelopmentalplans.

简介：记者从年初召开的有关会议上了解到,国务院安委会和国家安全生产监督管理局已对2003年全国安全生产工作做出分析评价,并对2004年工作做出部署.

简介：ThroughtheanalysisonChina'seconomicdevelopment,utilizationofresourceenvironmentandsoftpower,abasicjudgmentwasmadeoftheinfluenceof'Chinadevelopment'.TheoverallinfluentialpowerofChinadevelopmentoninternationalcommunitywasmisunderstood.Whatweseeistheroleof'ChinaFactor'indifferentfields.Intheprocessofeconomicglobalization,whateconomicsystemofcapitalistmarkethasseenis'China'scheaplabor','China'slooseeconomicsystemenvironment','earlierabuseofunlimitedresourceenvironment','China'sbroadconsumptionmarket'and'demographicdividend'.InglobalorAsianfinancialcrisis,whatothercountriesvaluedwasChina's'foreigncurrency'accumulatedovertheyears.Inglobalgovernanceorcrisismanagement,whatinternationalcommunityexpectedwas'China'sobligationsandresponsibilities'withouttherightofspeech,etc..Allthesearethe'passive'rolesproducedby'asinglefactor'indefinitefields.TheactiveandinitiativeroleChinawillplayininternationalcommunitystillneedstimeandthecontinuouseffortsofseveralgenerations.Chinaoncewasabigcountrythathadsignificantinfluentialpowerontheworld,andChina'srenaissanceisanormalprocessofdevelopmentofthings.WhatexcessivetalksaboutitsinfluentialpowerreflectmaybethelackofChina'sinfluence.

简介：ThereportofChineseCommunistParty’s18thNationalCongressclearlystatedthattheconstructionofecologicalcivilizationneedstojoinhandswiththeoveralllayoutoftheconstructionofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,andthegreatestobstacletoachievingecologicalcivilizationistheenergystructureinChina.Currently,thethirdindustrialrevolution—markedbygreentechnologyandcloudcomputingtechnology—ishappening,anditwillhaveahugeimpactonfutureenergydevelopment.Thefundamentalwaytosolvetheproblemofenergyresourceconstraintsisdevelopingtherenewableenergy,andthefundamentalapproachforrenewableenergyisdevelopingdistributedenergyandservices.TheimportantfactorstoachievingChina’senergyproductionandconsumptionrevolutionareacceleratingtheconstructionofdistributedenergysystemandoverallenergystructureadjustmentinChina.

简介：Afterthe1992UNConferenceonEnvironmentandDevelopmentinRiodeJaneiro,theconceptofsustainabledevelopmenthasbeenwidelyrecognizedallovertheworld.Morethan100countries,includingChina,haveadoptedsustainabledevelopmentstrategiesaccordingwiththeirownsituations.For20years,

简介：Twentyyearsago,theUnitedNationsConferenceonEnvironmentandDevelopmentwasheldhereinRiodeJaneiro,whichputforwardtheconceptof'sustainabledevelopment',andblueprintedaworldinsustainabledevelopment.The1992RioConferencewasrecordedasahistoricallandmarkevent.

简介：ThecurrentstatusofecotourisminruralChinawasanalyzedinthispaper.EmpiricalsurveyscoveringthewholecountryindicatethatecotourisminruralChinahasattractedalargenumberoftouristswho,however,didn’tgeneraterevenuesthatcanmatchthenumber.Althoughtheenvironmentalqualityofthoseruralecotourismdestinationsishighwithlittlenegativeimpacts,severalproblemshavealreadyappeared,suggestinganeedtomonitorthoseareas.Thecurrentpracticeofinterpretationinmostruralecotourismdestinationsdidnotprovideenvironmentaleducationopportunitiestothetourists.Andlocalcommunitiesneedmoreeffectivewaystodecideontheprospectsoflocalecotourismdevelopmentbythemselves.Finally,afewrecommendationsforimprovingthesustainabilityofecotourismdestinationswereprovided.

简介：WesternChinahaslaggedalotintermsofindustrialstructureandeconomicdevelopment,comparedwiththenationalaverage.AndChinaannounceditstargetofCO2emissionreduction,i.e.by2020,CO2emissionperGDPwilldropby40-45%comparedwith2005.ThetargetwillbeincorporatedintoChina’slong-termindustrialplanning.Againstthisbackground,thispaperwillmakeacomprehensiveexaminationoftheindustrialdevelopmentofWesternChina,aimingtodiscoveragreenandcompatibleway.First,weanalyzethespatiotemporalevolutionofregionalindustrialstructurefortheperiod2000-2010.Second,wetrytodiscovertheindustrialstructureoptimizationpathforWesternChinabyemployingtheVectorAutoRegressionmodel.Lastly,wetrytoprovidesomeadviceandsuggestionsforfurtherindustrialdevelopmentinWesternChina.OurexaminationshowsthatfurtherindustrialdevelopmentinWesternChinashouldpayfullattentiontoresourceconservationandrecycling,anddeveloponagreenandcompatiblepath.

简介：AccordingtotheUnitedNationspopulationprojections,thepopulationoftheelderlyisexpectedtoroughlytripleinChinafrom2000to2050,particularlywhenthegenerationswhowerebornbetweenthe1950sand1970smovethroughtheagestructure,andalsobecausepeoplearelivinglongerandfertilityrateshavefallen,populationagingisexpectedtoputpressureongovernment'sfiscalbalancethroughhigherold-agesecuritybenefitsandhealth-careexpenditures.Thisworkdrawstogetherthebroadrangeofelementsinvolvedwithinaconsistentframework,basedonacomputabledynamicgeneralequilibriummodelwithanoverlappinggenerationstructure.Furtheranalysisusingmodelsimulationillustratesthatthealternativeschemesforthebenefitrate,retirementageandtechnologicalprogressarelikelytobebeneficial,andthatanobviousslow-downinthegrowthoflivingstandardsislikelytobeavoided.

简介：Theproblemofclimatechangeisaglobalchallenge.Itiscloselyassociatedwithsocialdevelopmentandhumansurvival,andithasasignificantimpacttoallcountriesonenergydevelopment,economiccompetitiveness,technologicalinnovation,andwayoflife.Inrecentyears,withtherapideconomicdevelopmentinChina,thereisarumorthattherapidgrowthofChina'scarbondioxideemissionoffsettheeffortsoftheinternationalcommunityinreducingemissions,andChinashouldbeartheinternationalresponsibilitycorrespondingtoitssignificantroleingreenhousegasemission,whichobviouslyareunfairandnotobjective.Asthispaperreveals,'Chinaenvironmentresponsibility'thatisthesocalled'Chinaenvironmentthreat'ortheories,ChinahasmadeapositivecontributiontoaddressingtheclimatechangeinthepastandChinawillstillbethebackboneontheprotectionofglobalclimateinthefuture.

简介：ThisreportsummarizesthesurveysoncarboninventoriesandinitiativesonsustainablecarboncyclingtakenbyRCEES.Thefirstpartofthisreportdealswiththeconceptofsustainablecarboncycling,thehistoricalevolutionofcarboncyclingprocessesinChina,carbonpoolenhancement,valueaddition,carbonsequestrationandcarbonbalance.Thesecondpartcoversthemodelingofcarbondynamics,emissioninventoriesofvariouscarboncontaininggreenhousegasesandtheirpotentialabatementmeasures.

简介：ThisstudyproposedadecompositionmethodbasedonthenormalizedquadraticshadowunitcostfunctiontoexplorethedeterminantsofthechangeinenergyintensityinChinafrom1985to2010.Thedecompositionanalysisindicatesthat(1)theimprovementintechnicalefficiencydramaticallyreducedtheenergyintensity,whereastechnologicalchangeplayedonlyaminorrole,whichcouldbeattributedtoareboundeffect;(2)theaggregatedallocationeffectwassmallbecausethechangeintheallocativedistortionbetweencapitalandenergysignificantlyenhancedenergyintensitybutwaspartlyoffsetbytheeffectstemmingfromthechangeintheallocativedistortionbetweencapitalandenergy;and(3)thesubstitutionofenergyforlaborincreasedenergyintensity,buttheaggregatedsubstitutioneffectsignificantlyreducedenergyintensitybecausethesubstitutionofcapitalforenergyreducedenergyintensitytoagreatextent.Thesefindingswereobtainedatthenationallevelandvariedatdieregionallevel.

简介：Theconceptofsecurityhasbeenredefinedsincethe1990s.Asoneoftheimportantfactorsthreateninghumansecurity,globalenvironmentalchangehasbecomeanewchallengetothenationalsecurityandsocialdevelopment.Thenationalsecurityproblemscausedbyglobalenvironmentalchange,ononehand,arecloselyrelatedtotheglobalenvironmentalproblems,and,ontheotherhand,aremanifestedintheconflictsofinternationalaffairs.TheglobalenvironmentalchangeseverelychallengesthefuturedevelopmentofChina.WhenitcomestothestudyonhumandimensionsofglobalenvironmentalchangeinChina,muchmoreattentionshouldbepaidtoissuesofimportantenvironmentalchangethatmayhavegreatimpactsonthenationalsecurityofChina,tothescientificassessmentofthevulnerabilitiesofthenaturalandsocialeconomicsystemofChinatotheimpactsofglobalenvironmentalchange,andtotheactiveestablishmentofthenationalriskmanagementsystem,inwhichglobalenvironmentalchangeshouldbeincluded,soastomakecontributiontosustainabledevelopmentandconstructionofharmonioussocietyofChina.

简介：Thereisanincreasingnumberof'massevents'inmainlandChina.MystudyextendsthecurrentstudiestothecontextofChinaandtriestoexaminethepotentialimpactsofclimatechangesonhumanconfliasinChina.Theresultssuggestastronglinkagebetweenthedeviationofmonthlymeantemperaturefromthehistoricalmeanandthenumberofmasseventsinaprovince.Ifthecurrenttrendofwarmingpersists,inthenext6-8decades,thenumberofmasseventsinChinawillincreasebyover8.8%.

简介：ReviewingtheexistingenvironmentalpoliciesinWesternChina,wefindthat:intimesequence,thecharacteristicsofChina’swesternenvironmentalpoliciesshiftfrom"developmentdrivegovernance"tothefullimplementationofenvironmentalprotectionandconstruction;andinspatialsequence,theecological,social,andeconomicdevelopmentofWesternChinareachtocoordinationthroughthenaturereservesetting,ecologicalmigrants,fiscaltransferpaymentanddifferentiatedecologicalenvironmentalpolicies.Duetotheimplementationofthepoliciesandprojects,environmentaldegradationtrendsinthewesternecologicalenvironmentwerealleviatedsignificantly,thelivingconditionsoffarmersandherdsmenwereimproved,andmanysuccessfulexperienceswereexplored.However,futureecologicalenvironmentalconstructioninWesternChinarequiresfurtherimprovementinintegratedplanning,eco-compensationmechanism,andpolicyassessment.Thispaperconcludeswithspecificrecommendationssuchasdrawingupecologicalenvironmentconstructionplanning,strengtheningenvironmentallawenforcementandincentivemechanisms,improvingpolicyassessmentandscientificsupport,enhancingenvironmentalprotectioncapacity,improvingeco-compensationmechanism,andrefiningtheenvironmentalpoliciesforkeyareas.

简介：Migrationprocesshasbecomeincreasinglyimportantinrecentresearchonpopulationandtheenvironment.Amajorityoftheexistingmigrationandenvironmentliteraturehasfocusedontheenvironmentalcausesanddeterminantsofmigration.Withthelargestrural-to-urbanmigrationflowinworldhistory,andgrowingconcernsabouttheenvironmentalproblemsaccompanyingitsfasteconomicdevelopment,Chinaprovidesaparticularlyimportantcaseformigrationandenvironmentresearch.Thispaperreviewsmajormigrationtheoriesandrecentresearchonenvironmentaleffectsonmigration,withspecificattentiontotheinfluencesofenvironmentalfactorsonrural-to-urbanlabormigrationinChina.Acomprehensivemultilevelconceptualframeworkisdevelopedforstudyingtheenvironmentalcausesofrural-to-urbanmigrationinChina.TheeffectsoflandresourcesonhouseholdlabormigrationdecisionsinruralChinaareexploredtoillustratetheapplicationofthisframework.

简介：ThispaperanalyzestheimpactsofurbanizationandunemploymentrateonChina’sdivorceratewiththepaneldataof31Chineseprovincesfrom2000to2011.Thestudymanifestsasfollows.First,thesignificantinfluenceofurbanizationcannotbeobservedontherisingbreakdownsincethelatterisnottheinevitableresultoftheformer.Inthesecondplace,unemploymentratehasasignificantnegativeinfluenceondivorcerate,namely,withtheformerincreasing,thelatterwilldecrease,whichechoestheperspectiveofdivorcecost.Andfinally,thispaperalsofindspositiveeffectsofpercapitafixedinvestment,old-agedependencyrate,averagehouseholdsize,theproportionoffloatingpopulationandpopulationdensity,andnegativecorrelationofaverageeducationattainmentondivorcerate.

简介：AllsevenemissionstradingpilotsinChinaoperateindependently.Onechallengefacingmostofthemisthelowinclusionthresholdsforenterprisesandthefewtotalcoveredemissions,whichnegativelyinfluencestheeffectsoftheemissionstradingsystems(ETSs).Somepilotsites,suchasGuangdong,Hubei,TianjinandBeijing,haveindicatedtheirwillingnesstolinktheirschemeswithothers.ETSlinkingcouldexpandschemecoveragesandthereforehelptoreducetheoverallcostsofachievingthelinkedschemes’emissionscontroltargets.Linkingcouldalsohelptoaddresstheissuesofcarbonleakageandreducepricefluctuations.Thepotentialbenefitsandfeasibilityoflinkingdifferentpilotsystemsareanalyzedinthisarticle.Thesevenpilotregionsareatdifferentstagesofsocialandeconomicdevelopment,withsignificantdifferencesintotalemissionsandemissionsstructuresaswellascarbonabatementpotentialsandcosts.Throughlinking,more-developedregionssuchasBeijing,ShanghaiandShenzhen,whicharetypicallyconsideredtofacehighermitigationcosts,willhavetheopportunitytoachievetheiremissionscontroltargetsbypurchasingcarbonunitsfromless-developedregions,whichwillearnfinancialrevenuesfromsellingtheunits.Torealizethiswin-winresult,aseriesofpolicyandtechnicalbarriersatboththecentralgovernmentandpilotgovernmentlevelsneedstobeovercome.Establishingaunifiednationalemissionstradingmarketwouldappeartobetheidealsolutiontothesechallenges,butitwilltakeconsiderabletimeandwillnotbetheshort-termsolution.Intheabsenceofaunifiednationalscheme,itisrecommendedthatthecentralgovernmentencouragepilotschemestolink,thatitdevelopscorrespondingnationalpoliciestosupportthelinkingeffortsandthatthepilotschemesthatareintendedtobelinkedcoordinateoncertaindesignelements.Basedonthecoordinatingneed,themajorelementsofanETScanbedividedintofourcategories:elementsthatneedmutualrecognition(capset

简介：I'mverypleasedtobehereatthissidemeeting,China'sGreenTransformation:Efforts,PracticesandFuture,co-sponsoredbyACCA21andUNDP.SincetheUNConferenceonEnvironmentandDevelopmentin1992,peoplearoundtheworldhavemadenumerous

简介：Energyserviceisaneffectivewaytopromoteenergyconservationbymarketmechanisms,includingenergysavingservices,energyprocurement,supplyofmanyvarietiesofenergy,supplyofrenewableenergytechnologies,energy-relatedconsultingservices,riskmanagement,etc.Chinaisamajorenergyconsumerbutenergyisinshortsupply,andtheefficiencyofenergyuseislow.China’senergyserviceindustryhasexpandedrapidly,intermsofboththenumberofnewEnergyServiceCompaniesenteringthemarketandamountofcapitalinvestedinEnergyPerformanceContractingprojects,buttheenergyservicesectorinChinaisstillatanearlystageofdevelopment.Developedcountriesbeganearlyindevelopingtheenergyservicesectorandtheirenergyservicemarketismature,andtheexperienceofdevelopedcountriesshowsthatenergyservicesplayasignificantroleinadvancingenergysavingandemissionreduction.Underthenewsituation,Chinaneedscombineenergyservicesexperienceofdevelopedcountries,andtakefollowingmeasurestoaccelerateChina’senergyservicesrapidandhealthydevelopment,includingthelong-termaspectsofpolicyplanning,energy-savingcoretechnology,financeandcapitalinvestment,publicsectorreductions,personneltraining,andsoon.