简介：Inthepresentpaper,theauthorputsforwardsixkeypointsforacupuncturetreatmentofdiseases,namely,①carefulexamination,②definitediagnosis,③preciseandappropriateidentificationofsyndromes,④accuratelocationoftheacupoint,⑤flexibleapplicationofneedlingmanipulations,and⑥“Deqi”.Thefirstthreeaspactsarethefoundation,accuratelocationandflexibleneedlingmanipulationsarealsotheprerequisiteforeffectivetreatmentofdiseases.Inaddition,soundtheoreticalbasicknowledgeofbothtraditionalChinesemedicine(TOM)andmodemmedicine,andflexiblyapplyingsuitableneedlingmaneuvers,stimulatingquantityanddurationofneedleretaininginaccordancewiththeconcretestateofdiseaseandthepatient'sconditionsarealsoveryimportantinclinicalpracticeofacupuncture.

简介：LedbyfourgenerationsofleadershipfromlateProf.JIANGSichang(academician,ChineseAcademyofEngineering),Prof.YANGWeiyan(HonoraryPresident,DivisionofOtolaryngologyHeadandNeckSurgery,ChineseMedicalAssociation),Prof.HANDongyi(PresidentElected,DivisionofOtolaryngologyHeadandNeckSurgery,ChineseMedicalAssociation)tonowProf.YANGShiming(President,DivisionofOtolaryngologists,

简介：AbstractMandibular condylar fractures are among the most common facial fractures and some of the most difficult to manage. Opinions about the management of mandibular condylar fractures differ among surgeons. With the implementation of new technology, an increased understanding of fracture management, and better functional and morphological outcomes reported in the literature, open reduction and internal fixation is becoming many surgeons’ preferred choice for the treatment of condylar fractures. Because surgical treatment of such fractures is complex, certain factors must be considered to achieve satisfactory outcomes. In this article, we summarise six key points in the management of mandibular condylar fractures: virtual evaluation of condylar fracture, a suitable surgical approach, good reduction, stable internal fixation, repair of the articular disc, and restoration of the mandibular arch width. We believe that these points will help to improve the prognosis of mandibular condyle fractures.

简介：瑶族医药是我国传统医药的重要组成部分,它具有简单、便捷而又灵验的诊疗方法和丰富而功效确切的野生药用资源,是我国传统医药宝库中的瑰宝。为传承和发扬瑶族医药,培养高层次的瑶医药人才,广西中医药大学于2013年组织专家编写了本科专用高等学校瑶医学专业系列教材,该套教材包括《瑶医药学概论》《瑶族医学史》《瑶医医道纲纪》《瑶医生道》《瑶医诊道》《瑶医病道》《瑶医药道》《瑶医方道》《瑶医治道》《瑶医打道》《瑶医神气道》,共11本。

简介：对目前高校《中医养生学》教材的状况进行了一些思考,认为现在常用的各版教材养生理论丰富,体系完整,可应用于各层次的教学之中,对中医药人才的培养以及对中医养生事业的发展做出了不可磨灭的贡献。但是存在中医养生理论表述不够灵活、部分具体方法不实用、有些表述未能适应现代社会的变化,甚至教材中前后观点矛盾令人费解等不足之处。本文提出《中医养生学》教材应理论紧密联系实践,突出养生特色;开拓创新,增加中医养生学的实验课程等设想,认为既符合中医药学发展规律,继承中医博大精深的学术思想,又能吸纳中医药研究领域的最新成果,反映时代特色。编写适合当前教育改革和教学实践的中医养生新教材,已迫在眉睫。

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简介：笔者参加了卫生部组织的最新一轮卫生类药剂专业教材编写工作,对以往药剂专业教材的使用情况及新版教材作出了自己的评价,特别是对药剂专业教材建设提出了一些思考和建议.

简介：摘要根据当前社会经济的发展状况以及市场营销学学科的性质,本文分析了《医药市场营销学》课程教材存在的问题,强调该课程教材必须具有综合性、实践性、应用性、创新性的特点,提出了改进该课程教材的基本思路。

简介：开展卫生法规课程教材改革建设对于卫生类高职院校培养应用型高素质卫生管理人才具有十分重要的意义。通过对于该课程教材改革的现实价值分析,提出高职卫生法规课程教材的建设思路、特色创新和内容设计,以提升该教材的实用性、科学性和可操作性,使其更符合高职卫生教育发展的需要。

简介：[目的]为探索＂用药护理＂新教材建设方向,服务于护理一线高素质技能型人才的培养。[方法]对临床一线护理工作者和临床医生进行了开放式问卷调查,了解护理一线对《药理学》教材的期望;查阅了国内近几年出版的高职护理专业《药理学》教材,并对教材进行比较研究;对教学一线《药理学》教师进行了专访,对高职护理专业《药理学》教材建设的相关问题进行探讨。[结果]目前高职护理专业《药理学》教材无论从教材体例、结构还是教材内容设置方面仍然存在与临床护理职业岗位的需求及高职护生培养目标的不适用和不实用问题。[结论]建议立足职业教育的目标和临床护理岗位实际需要,贯穿护理理念,突出与岗位应用紧密结合的特点,突出用药护理能力培养,增加和强化药物的配伍应用、给药时间与给药途径、药物疗效与不良反应的观察、报告与处理以及给药前后的护理宣教等,以满足高素质技能型护理人才培养之需要。

简介：AbstractMucormycosis is a lethal human disease caused by fungi of the order Mucorales. Mucormycosis is caused by fungi mainly belonging to the genera Mucor, Rhizopus, and Lichtheimia, all of which belong to the order Mucorales. The number of individuals with mucormycosis-causing disorders has increased in recent years, hence, leading to the spread of mucormycosis. Throughout the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, numerous cases of mucormycosis in COVID-19-infected patients have been reported worldwide, and the illness is now recognized as COVID-19-associated mucormycosis, with most of the cases being reported from India. Immunocompromised patients such as those with bone marrow sickness and uncontrolled diabetes are at a greater risk of developing mucormycosis. Genes, pathways, and other mechanisms have been studied in Mucorales, demonstrating a direct link between virulence and prospective therapeutic and diagnostic targets. This review discusses several proteins such as high-affinity iron permease (FTR1), calcineurin, spore coat protein (CotH), and ADP-ribosylation factors involved in the pathogenesis of mucormycosis that might prove to be viable target(s) for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods.

简介：AbstractBackground:The End Tuberculosis (TB) Strategy of the World Health Organization highlights the need for patient-centered care and social protection measures that alleviate the financial hardships faced by many TB patients. In China, TB treatments are paid for by earmarked government funds, social health insurance, medical assistance for the poor, and out-of-pocket payments from patients. As part of Phase III of the China-Gates TB project, this paper introduces multi-source financing of TB treatment in the three provinces of China and analyzes the challenges of moving towards universal coverage and its implications of multi-sectoral engagement for TB care.Main text:The new financing policies for TB treatment in the three provinces include increased reimbursement for TB outpatient care, linkage of TB treatment with local poverty alleviation programs, and use of local government funds to cover some costs to reduce out-of-pocket expenses. However, there are several challenges in reducing the financial burdens faced by TB patients. First, medical costs must be contained by reducing the profit-maximizing behaviors of hospitals. Second, treatment for TB and multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) is only available at county hospitals and city or provincial hospitals, respectively, and these hospitals have low reimbursement rates and high co-payments. Third, many patients with TB and MDR-TB are at the edge of poverty, and therefore ineligible for medical assistance, which targets extremely poor individuals. In addition, the local governments of less developed provinces often face fiscal difficulties, making it challenging to use of local government funds to provide financial support for TB patients. We suggest that stakeholders at multiple sectors should engage in transparent and responsive communications, coordinate policy developments, and integrate resources to improve the integration of social protection schemes.Conclusions:The Chinese government is examining the establishment of multi-source financing for TB treatment by mobilization of funds from the government and social protection schemes. These efforts require strengthening the cooperation of multiple sectors and improving the accountability of different government agencies. All key stakeholders must take concrete actions in the near future to assure significant progress toward the goal of alleviating the financial burden faced by TB and MDR-TB patients.

简介：Historically,mastcellswereknownasakeycelltypeinvolvedintypeIhypersensitivity.Untillasttwodecades,thiscelltypewasrecognizedtobewidelyinvolvedinanumberofnon-allergicdiseasesincludinginflammatoryboweldisease(IBD).MarkedlyincreasednumbersofmastcellswereobservedinthemucosaoftheileumandcolonofpatientswithIBD,whichwasaccompaniedbygreatchangesofthecontentinmastcellssuchasdramaticallyincreasedexpressionofTNFα,IL-16andsubstanceP.TheevidenceofmastcelldegranulationwasfoundinthewallofintestinefrompatientswithIBDwithimmunohistochemistrytechnique.ThehighlyelevatedhistamineandtryptaselevelsweredetectedinmucosaofpatientswithIBD,stronglysuggestingthatmastcelldegranulationisinvolvedinthepathogenesisofIBD.However,littleisknownoftheactionsofhistamine,tryptase,chymaseandcarboxypeptidaseinIBD.Overthelastdecade,heparinhasbeenusedtotreatIBDinclinicalpractice.Thelowmolecularweightheparin(LMWH)waseffectiveasadjuvanttherapy,andthepatientsshowedgoodclinicalandlaboratoryresponsewithnoseriousadverseeffects.TherolesofPGD2,LTC4,PAFandmastcellcytokinesinIBDwerealsodiscussed.Recently,aseriesofexperimentswithdispersedcolonmastcellssuggestedthereshouldbeatleasttwopathwaysinmanformastcellstoamplifytheirownactivation-degranulationsignalsinanautocrineorparacrinemanner.Thehypothesisisthatmastcellsecretogoguesinducemastcelldegranulation,releasehistamine,thenstimulatetheadjacentmastcellsorpositivelyfeedbacktofurtherstimulateitshostmastcellsthroughH1receptor.Whereasreleasedtryptaseactssimilarlytohistamine,butactivatesmastcellsthroughitsreceptorPAR-2.Theconnectionsbetweencurrentanti-IBDtherapiesorpotentialtherapiesforIBDwithmastcellswerediscussed,implicatingfurtherthatmastcellisakeycelltypethatisinvolvedinthepathogenesisofIBD.Inconclusion,whilepathoge

简介：LongbeforethediscoveryofHelicobacterpylori,thereweremanyexcellentobservationalstudiesthatdocumenteddifferencesinthepatternsofgastroduodenaldisease.Itwasclearthatinthedevelopingworld,gastriculcerandgastriccancerweremorecommonthaninthedevelopedworldwhereduodenalulcerpredominated.Thiscorrelatedwiththedistributionofgastritisinduodenalulcerpatientswheretheinflammationwasantralpredominantwhileingastriculcerpatientsthegastritiswasmoreevenlydistributedthroughthestomach.Gastriculcersusuallyappearedinafairlyrestricteddistributioninthestomachneartheangulusandclosetothetransitionalzonebetweenantrumandbodymucosa.Asasocietydevelopedsothesepatternsofdiseasechanged.

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简介：AbstractBackground:The global prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is multifaceted, and the underlying mechanisms are elusive. We conducted data mining analysis to gain a better insight into the disease and to identify the hub genes associated with the progression of NAFLD.Methods:The dataset GSE49541, containing the profile of 40 samples representing mild stages of NAFLD and 32 samples representing advanced stages of NAFLD, was acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the R programming language. The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) online tool and Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) database were used to perform the enrichment analysis and construct protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, respectively. Subsequently, transcription factor networks and key modules were identified. The hub genes were validated in a mice model of high fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD and in cultured HepG2 cells by real-time quantitative PCR.Results:Based on the GSE49541 dataset, 57 DEGs were selected and enriched in chemokine activity and cellular component, including the extracellular region. Twelve transcription factors associated with DEGs were indicated from PPI analysis. Upregulated expression of five hub genes (SOX9, CCL20, CXCL1, CD24, and CHST4), which were identified from the dataset, was also observed in the livers of HFD-induced NAFLD mice and in HepG2 cells exposed to palmitic acid or advanced glycation end products.Conclusion:The hub genes SOX9, CCL20, CXCL1, CD24, and CHST4 are involved in the aggravation of NAFLD. Our results offer new insights into the underlying mechanism of NAFLD progression.

简介：<正>InstituteofOtolaryngologyofChinesePLA(KeyLaboratoryforthePreventionofAcousticTrauma,PLA)KeyLaboratoryofHearingImpairmentScience(ChinesePLAMedicalSchool)MinistryofEducationLedbyfourgenerationsofleadershipfromlateProf.JIANGSichang(academician,ChineseAcademyofEngineering),Prof.YANGWeiyan(HonoraryPresident,DivisionofOtolaryngology

简介：为培养创新性中药人才，在总结前几版《中药鉴定学》教材编写的成功经验基础上，根据当前《中药鉴定学》教学所面临的新情况，探讨在《中药鉴定学》教材编写过程中的创新问题。提出组成老、中、青相结合和产、学、研相结合的编写队伍，采用书本、光盘和网页相结合的开放性立体教材形式，整合基础知识、应用技能和创新能力培养的培养目标，改进知识呈现的方式，促进特色教材和统编教材共同发展。