简介：Thispaperpresentsoureffortstoexplainwhymammalshavelargethighmuscleswhileinsectshavesmallones.Afteradiscussionofthisobservationadefinitionofbodyfootratioisdefinedwhichdescribeshowanimalsstandandhowtheirlegsarearranged.Toinvestigatethemechanics,wepresentaclosedoptimumsolutionofthebodyfootratiofora2Dtwo-legwalkingmachine.Amulti-walkerisusedasacasefor3Dgeneralanalysis,andthenumericalsimulationispresented.Both2Dand3Dcasestudiescanexplaintheaboveobservationsofmammalsandinsects.Thesefindingscanalsobeusedasaguideforthedesignofman-madelimbedmachines.

简介：Natureisaninformationsourcebookofbehaviour,function,colourandshapewhichcaninspirevisualdesignandinven-tion.Studyingtheformandfunctionalcharacteristicsofanaturalobjectcanprovideinspirationforproductdesignandhelptoimprovethemarketabilityofmanufacturedproducts.Theinspirationcanbetriggeredeitherbydirectobservationorcapturedbythree-dimensional(3D)digitisingtechniquestoobtainsuperficialinformation(geometryandcolour).Anartdesigneroftencreatesaconceptintheformofatwo-dimensional(2D)sketchwhileengineeringmethodsleadtoapointcloudin3D.Eachhasitslimitationsinthattheartdesignercommonlylackstheknowledgetobuildafinalproductfroma2Dsketchandtheengi-neeringdesigner’s3Dpointcloudsmaynotbeverybeautiful.WeproposeamethodforProductDesignfromNature(PDN),couplingaestheticintentandgeometricalcharacteristics,exploringtheinteractionsbetweendesignersandnature’ssystemsinPDN.Webelievethatthisapproachwouldconsiderablyreducetheleadtimeandcostofproductdesignfromnature.

简介：我公司1995年推山了MS302生物信号记录分析系统，在国内拥有众多用户，受到用户的好评。经过近年的努力，MS4000U终于以崭新的面貌问世了!MS4000U的设计站在了一个全新的高度，其基本设计思想是硬件集成度高、图形质量好、分析结果准确、软件功能齐全而且操作简单。

简介：我公司1995年推出了MS302生物信号记录分析系统，在国内拥有众多用户，受到用户的好评。经过近年的努力，MS4000U终于以崭新的面貌问世了!MS4000U的设计站在了一个全新的高度，其基本设计思想是硬件集成度高、图形质量好、分析结果准确、软件功能齐全而且操作简单。为科研提供高性能产品是MS4000U的定位，突出做好信号的定量分析是MS4000U不同其他产品的重要标志!

简介：我公司1995年推出了MS302生物信号记录分析系统，在国内拥有众多用户，受到用户的好评。经过近年的努力，MS4000U终于以崭新的面貌问世了!MS4000U的设计站在了一个全新的高度，其基本设计思想是硬件集成度高、图形质量好、分析结果准确、软件功能齐全而且操作简单。为科研提供高性能产品是MS4000U的定位，突出做好信号的定量分析是MS4000U不同其他产品的重要标志!

简介：U7smallnuclearRNA(snRNA)sequenceshavebeendescribedonlyforahandfulofanimalspeciesinthepast.Herewedescribeacomputationalsearchforfunc-tionalU7snRNAgenesthroughoutvertebratesincludingtheupstreamsequenceelementscharacteristicforsnRNAstranscribedbypolymeraseⅡ.Basedontheresultsofthissearch,wediscussthehighvariabilityofU7snRNAsinbothse-quenceandstructure,andreportonanattempttofindU7snRNAsequencesinbasaldeuterostomesandnon-drosophilidsinsectgenomesbasedonacombinationofsequence,structure,andpromoterfeatures.Duetotheextremelyshortse-quenceandthehighvariabilityinbothsequenceandstructure,nounambiguouscandidateswerefound.TheseresultscastdoubtonputativeU7homologsinevenmoredistantorganismsthatarereportedinthemostrecentreleaseoftheRfamdatabase.

简介：Amodelhelicopterismoredifficulttocontrolthanitsfullscalecounterpart.Thisisduetoitsgreatersensitivitytocontrolinputsanddisturbancesaswellashigherbandwidthofdynamics.Thisworkisfocusedondesigningpracticaltrackingcontrollerforasmallscalehelicopterfollowingpredefinedtrajectories.Atrackingcontrollerbasedonoptimalcontroltheoryissynthe-sizedasapartofthedevelopmentofanautonomoushelicopter.Someissueswithregardstocontrolconstraintsareaddressed.Theweightingbetweenstatetrackingperformanceandcontrolpowerexpenditureisanalyzed.Overallperformanceofthecontroldesignisevaluatedbasedonitstimedomainhistoriesoftrajectoriesaswellascontrolinputs.

简介：TheconceptofIntelligentMechanicalDesign(IMD)ispresentedtoshowhowamechanicalstructurecanbedesignedtoaffectrobotcontrollability,simplificationandtaskperformance.Exploringthisconceptproduceslandmarksintheterritoryofmechanicalrobotdesignintheformofsevendesignprinciples.Thedesignprinciples,whichwecalltheMecha-TelligencePrinciples(MTP),provideguidanceonhowtodesignmechanicsforautonomousmobilerobots.Theseprinciplesguideustoasktherightquestionswheninvestigatingissuesconcerningself-controllable,reliable,feasible,andcompatiblemechanicsforautonomousmobilerobots.ToshowhowMTPcanbeappliedinthedesignprocessweproposeanovelmethodology,namedasMecha-TelligenceMethodology(MTM).Mechanicaldesignbytheproposedmethodologyisbasedonpreferenceclassificationoftherobotspecificationdescribedbyinteractionoftherobotwithitsenvironmentandthephysicalparametersoftherobotmechatronics.Afterdefiningnewterms,weinvestigatethefeasibilityoftheproposedmethodologytothemechanicaldesignofanautonomousmobilesewerinspectionrobot.Inthisindustrialprojectweshowhowapassive-activeintelligentmovingmechanismcanbedesignedusingtheMTMandemployedinthefield.

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简介：简述了分类学的基本概念、主要任务、重要意义、学科特点和巨大贡献。以事实为依据为分类学正名,并向分类学家致敬。举例说明了削弱分类学引起的负面影响,初步分析了当前我国分类学不景气的原因,提出了促进我国分类学持续发展的某些建议。笔者认为分类学仍有希望,并概述了其理由。为分类学正名和振兴分类学,群众是基础,领导是关键,院士是桥梁。本文可视为是＂群众基础＂中的一份子。

简介：AconceptofSpecificStructureEfficiency(SSE)wasproposedthatcanbeusedinthelightweighteffectevaluationofstructures.Themainproceduresofbionicstructuredesignwereintroducedsystematically.Theparameterrelationshipbetweenhollowstemofplantandtheminimumweightwasdeducedindetail.InordertoimproveSSEofpylons,thestructuralcharacteristicsofhollowstemwereinvestigatedandextracted.Bionicpylonwasdesignedbasedonanalogousbiologicalstructuralcharacteristics.Usingfiniteelementmethodbasedsimulation,thedisplacementsandstressesinthebionicpylonwerecomparedwiththoseoftheconventionalpylon.ResultsshowthattheSSEofbionicpylonisimprovedobviously.Static,dynamicandelectromagnetismtestswerecarriedoutonconventionalandbionicpylons.Theweight,stress,displacementandRadarCrossSection(RCS)ofbothpylonsweremeasured.ExperimentalresultsillustratethattheSSEofbionicpylonismarkedlyimprovedthatspecificstrengthefficiencyandspecificstiffnessefficiencyofbionicpylonareincreasedby52.9%and43.6%respectively.TheRCSofbionicpylonisreducedsignificantly.

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简介：Thecow-nosedrayisstudiedasnaturalsampleofaflapping-foilroboticfish.Bodystructure,motiondiscipline,anddynamicfoildeformationofcow-nosedrayareanalyzed.Basedontheanalysisresults,aroboticfishimitatingcow-nosedray,namedRobo-rayⅡ,mainlycomposedofsoftbody,flexibleribsandpneumaticartificialmuscles,isdeveloped.Structureandswimmingmorphologyoftheroboticprototypeareasthatofanormalcow-nosedrayinnature.KeypropulsionparametersofRobo-rayⅡatnormalconditions,includingtheStNumberatlinearswimming,thrustcoefficientattowingarestudiedthroughexperiments.Thesuitabledrivingparametersareconfirmedconsideringtheefficiencyandswimmingvelocity.Swimmingvelocityof0.16m·s-1’andthrustcoefficientof0.56inmaximumareachievedinexperiments.

简介：WeproposedadynamicmodelidentificationanddesignofanH-Infinity(i.e.H_∞)controllerusingaLightweightPiezo-CompositeActuator(LIPCA).Asecond-orderdynamicmodelwasobtainedbyusinginputandoutputdata,andapplyinganidentificationalgorithm.TheidentifiedmodelcoincideswellwiththerealLIPCA.Toreducetheresonatingmodethatistypicalofpiezoelectricactuators,anotchfilterwasused.AfeedbackcontrollerusingtheH_∞controlschemewasdesignedbasedontheidentifieddynamicmodel;thus,theLIPCAcanbeeasilyusedasanactuatorforbiomemeticapplicationssuchasartificialmusclesormacro/micropositioninginbioengineering.Thecontrolalgorithmwasimplementedusingamicroprocessor,analogfilters,andpoweramplifyingdrivers.Oursimulationandexperimentalresultsdemonstratethattheproposedcontrolalgorithmworkswellinrealenvironment,providingrobustperformanceandstabilitywithuncertaindisturbances.

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简介：Withtheincreaseinminingdepth,mineheatharmhasappearedtobemoreprominent.Themineheatharmcouldberesolvedorreducedbyicerefrigeration.Thus,icetransportationthroughpipelinebecomesacriticalproblem;typicallyflowresistanceoccursintheelbow.Inthepresentstudy,accordingtotheanalysisofthesurfacemorphologyoffishscale,abiomimeticfunctionalsurfacestructurefortheinteriorwallofelbowisdesigned.Basedonthetheoryofliquid-solidtwophaseflow,aCFDnumericalsimulationofice-watermixtureflowingthroughtheelbowiscarriedoutusingfiniteelementmethod.Conventionalexperimentsofpressuredropandflowresistanceforbothbionicandcommonelbowsareconductedtotesttheeffectofthebionicelbowonflowresistancereduction.Itisfoundthatwiththeincreaseintheicemassfractionintheice-watermixture,theeffectofbionicelbowonresistancereductionbecomesmoreobvious.

简介：棕色的planthopper，Nilaparvatalugens是在整个亚洲的栽培米饭的一个害虫并且用杀虫药剂或抵抗米饭变化被控制。这种开发了抵抗到杀虫药剂的许多班，遗传因子型开发了那对先前是剧毒的抵抗米饭栽培变种。昆虫使用detoxification酶的一间套房，包括保卫自己对的细胞色素P450s，谷胱甘肽S-transferases和carboxyl/cholinesterases种第二等的代谢物和杀虫剂。Roche454-FLX站台上的Pyrosequencing被用来生产补充存在Sanger的数据集定序的一个实质的表示顺序标签(EST)在GenBank的EST。一个总数78959读与37392公开地可得到的SangerEST被相结合；这些集合了进8911contigs和10620单条。分发的分析试验有为生物进程和分子的函数的基因本体论的唯一的基因(拖船)建议454并且SangerEST汇编N是广泛地代表性的。lugenstranscriptome。planthoppertranscriptome被发现包含编码P450s，九个编码谷胱甘肽S-transferases和这些的26编码carboxyl/cholinesterases和许多的31条拖船的褐通常认为地涉及xenobiotics的detoxification。AgilenteArray站台被用来构造为19000个unigene序列与探针占据的oligonucleotidemicroarray，包括知道编码detoxification酶的所有那些。在这研究开发的genomic资源将对学习这个庄稼害虫的社区有用并且将帮助阐明位于杀虫药剂抵抗和planthopper改编下面到抵抗米饭栽培变种的分子的机制。

简介：Syntheticdryadhesivesinspiredbythenano-andmicro-scalehairsfoundonthefeetofgeckosandsomespidershavebeendevelopedforalmostadecade.Elastomericsinglelevelmicro-scalemushroomshapedfibresarecurrentlyabletofunctionevenbetterthannaturaldryadhesivesonsmoothsurfacesundernormalloading.However,theadhesionofthesesinglelevelsyntheticdryadhesivesonroughsurfacesisstillnotoptimalbecauseofthereducedcontactsurfacearea.Innature,contactareaismaximizedbyhierarchicallystructuringdifferentscalesoffibrescapableofconformingsurfaceroughness.Inthispaper,weadaptthenature’ssolutionaridproposeanoveldual-levelhierarchicaladhesivedesignusingPolydimethylsiloxane(PDMS),whichistestedunderpeelloadingatdifferentorientations.Anegativemacro-scalemoldismanufacturedbyusingalasercuttertodefineholesinaPoly(methylmethacrylate)(PMMA)plate.AftercastingPDMSmacro-scalefibresbyusingtheobtainedPMMAmold,apreviouslypreparedmicro-fibreadhesiveisbondedtothemacro-scalefibresubstrate.Oncethebondingpolymeriscured,themicro-fibreadhesiveiscuttoformmacroscalemushroomcaps.Eachmacro-fibreoftheresultinghierarchicaladhesiveisabletoconformtoloadsappliedindifferentdirections.Thedual-levelstructureenhancesthepeelstrengthonsmoothsurfacescomparedtoasingle-leveldryadhesive,butalsoweakenstheshearstrengthoftheadhesiveforagivenareaincontact.Theadhesiveappearstobeveryperformancesensitivetothespecificsizeofthefibretips,andexperimentsindicatethatdesigninghierarchicalstructuresisnotassimpleasplacingmultiplescalesoffibresontopofoneanother,butcanrequiresignificantdesignoptimizationtoenhancethecontactmechanicsandadhesionstrength.