简介:Theworldisexperiencingagingofitspopulation.Age-specificincidenceratesofcancerarehigherandcancerisnowrecognizedasapartofaging.Treatingolderpatientscanbechallenging.Theclinicalbehaviorofsometumorschangeswithageandtheagingprocessitselfbringsphysiologicalchangesleadingtodeclineinthefunctionoforgans.Itisessentialtoidentifythosepatientswithlongerlifeexpectancy,potentiallymorelikelytobenefitfromaggressivetreatmentvs.thosethataremorevulnerabletoadverseoutcomes.Aprimarydeterminationwhenconsideringtherapyforanoldercancerpatientisapatient'sphysiologic,ratherthanchronologicage.Inordertodifferentiateamongstpatientsofthesameage,itisusefultodetermineifapatientisfitorfrail.Frailolderadultshavemultiplechronicconditionsanddifficultiesmaintainingindependence.Theymaybemorevulnerabletotherapytoxicities,andmaynothavesubstantiallastingbenefitsfromtherapy.Geriatricassessment(GA)maybeusedasatooltodeterminereversibledeficitsanddevisetreatmentstrategiestomitigatesuchdeficits.GAisalsousedintreatmentdecisionmakingbyclinicians,helpingtoriskstratifypatientspriortopotentiallyhigh-risktherapy.AnimportantpracticalaspectofGAisthefeasibilityofincorporatingitintoabusyoncologypractice.KeyconsiderationsinperformingtheGAinclude:availableresources,patientpopulation,GAtoolstouse,andwhowillberesponsibleforusingtheGAresultsanddevelopcareplans.ChallengesinimplementingGAinclinicalpracticewillbediscussed.
简介:Amomentactuatorwithdirectdetectionofforcesisdescribed,Momentfrequencyre-sponseandmomentexcitationpurityasperformancecriteriaareproposed.Methodsfortheperfor-mancecalibrationoftheactuatorarepresented.Assessmentiscarriedoutbymeansofthereciprocityprinciple.
简介:Byexpandingtheperturbationofcovariancematrixinthepowersofer-rorterm,theinfluencefunctionsforfivecanonicalmeasurementsinCCAaredevel-opedandthreesampleversionsaregiven.Forgeneralizedcorrelationcoefficientp_z,theinfluencefunctionisaquadraticformofr.v.z,anditsdistributionisconsidered.ApracticalexampleiUustratestheutilityoftheproposedinfluencefunctions.
简介:Apracticalmethodforvisualizingfloodareaandevaluatingdamageispresented,whichconsistsoftwotechnicalapproaches:self-programmingandadaptingcommercialGISplatforms.Thelow-costandeasy-to-useGIS-Basedmodeldevelopedbyself-programmingcanmeetcurrentrequirementsofmostlocalauthorities,especiallyindevelopingcountries.Inthismodel,twocases,non-sourcefloodandsourceflood,aredistinguishedandtheSeed-spreadalgorithmsuitableforsource-floodisdiscussed;Theflooddamageisassessedbyoverlayingthefloodarearangewiththematicmapsandotherrelatedsocialandeconomicdata.andallthematicmapsareconvertedtorasterformatbeforeoverlayanalysis.Twomeasuresaretakentoimprovetheoperationefficiencyofspeedseed-spreadalgorithm.TheaccuracyofthemodelmainlydependsontheresolutionandprecisionoftheDEMdata,andtheaccuracyofregisteringallrasterlayersandthequalityofattributedata.
简介:Although2013couldbecharacterizedasanormalyear,theinternationalstrategicsituationhasundergonesomeprofoundchanges.OneofthemostimportantisthattheUnitedStatesmayhavequietlygivenupitsroleofthe"worldpolice."ChinamustconsiderthepossibilityoftheU.S.retreatingfromitscurrentpositionoftheworld’ssolesuperpowerand"worldpolice",andbewellpreparedtocopewiththepossibleeffectsaccordingly.