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简介：在计算机化的断层摄影术(CT)的膀胱的分割想象是在放射治疗计划前列腺癌症的重要的步。我们在场自动地描出的一个新分割计划在与三个学生一起的CT图象的膀胱轮廓走。首先，我们使用吝啬的移动算法获得包含膀胱的不平的轮廓的一幅聚类的图象，它然后被使用一个成长区域的算法，起始的种子点从扫描进程的一个线每篇文字题目下作者的署名选择了在第二步提取。第三步是用转动球算法更精确地精制膀胱轮廓。这些步然后被扩大以一种slice-by-slice方式分割膀胱体积。获得的结果与由放射肿瘤学家的用手的分割相比。敏感，特性，积极预计用价值，否定预计用价值，和Hausdorff距离的平均价值分别地是86.5%，96.3%，90.5%，96.5%，和2.8象素。结果证明膀胱能精确地被分割。

简介：IntravesicalBacillusCalmette-Guérin(BCG)haslongbeenthegoldstandardtreatmentofnonmuscleinvasivebladdercancer.Recently,therehasbeenanemergenceofnovelimmunotherapeuticagents,whichhaveshownpromiseinthetreatmentofurothelialcellcarcinoma.Theseagentsaimtoaugment,modify,orenhancetheimmuneresponse.SuchstrategiesincluderecombinantBCG,monoclonalantibodies,vaccines,genetherapy,andadoptiveT-celltherapy.Here,wereviewtheemergingimmunotherapeuticsinthetreatmentofnonmuscleinvasivebladdercancer.

简介：Enterovesicalfistulasarenotuncommoninpatientswithinflammatoryormalignantcolonicdisease,however,fistulassecondarytoprimarybladdercarcinomasareextremelyrare.Wehereinreportedapatientpresentingwithintractableurinarytractinfectionduetoenterovesicalfistulaformationcausedbyasquamouscellcarcinomaoftheurinarybladder.Thispatientunderwentenblocresectionofthebladderdomeandinvolvedileum,andrecovereduneventfullywithouturinarycomplaint.Tothebestofourknowledge,thisisthefirstcasereportedintheliterature.

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简介：62patientswithtraumaticparaplegiaweretreatedwithacupuncture(GovernorVesselelectro-stimulation),accordingtothetheoriesofTCMsuchasdredgingthemeridians,regu-latingvitalenergyandblood,improvingbloodcirculation,reinforcingmarrowandreplenishingbrain.Theeffectofacupunctureonurinarybladderdisturbancewasstudied.Theresultsindicatedthattotaleffectratewas96.8%(Ⅰ—Ⅲ),markedeffectratewas66.1%(Ⅰ—Ⅱ).Themarkedeffectrateincompleteparaplegiawassignificantlydifferentfromthatinimcompleteparaplegia;itwas63.0%and87.5%respectively.Furthermore,theresultssuggestedthatthedegreeofspinalcordinjurywasveryimprotantfactorthataffectedtheeffectofacupuncturetherapy.

简介：AbstractPlacenta percreta with bladder bleeding can occur during gestation or postpartum, posing a great threat to both mother and fetus. But it is rare and lacks standard management strategies. We reported four cases suffering from bladder bleeding caused by placenta percreta even with hemorrhagic shock admitted between January 1st, 2011 and December 31th, 2020 in The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Clinical information, including age, gravidity and parity, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging manifestations, onset gestational age, bladder bleeding volume, clinical manifestations under bleeding, diagnosis, hemostatic methods, hospital stay, treatment cost, and prognosis, are presented. Two cases had bladder bleeding during the second trimester, respectively on the 22+3 and 23+5 weeks. Pregnancy was terminated timely. The other two cases had bladder bleeding on the 2nd day post near-term cesarean section when activity. All the four cases achieved successful hemostasis following angiography and concomitant embolization for iliac vessels, and one of them received electrocoagulation hemostasis under cystoscopy, but failed. They all had favorable clinical outcomes and had no long-term complications. The neonatal outcome in the two cases that bladder hemorrhage occurred after near-term c-section was good. The newborns did not survive in two cases in which bladder hemorrhage occurred at the second trimester of pregnancy. Timely termination of pregnancy is recommended when such a condition develops during gestation. Diagnosis of bladder bleeding is relatively easy, for it is characterized by fast speed and large volume, with concomitant distension of the lower abdomen, blood discharge from the urethral orifice, or the indwelling catheter. Interventional embolization is an effective means to treat bladder bleeding caused by placenta percreta, while electrocoagulation hemostasis under cystoscopy must be applied with great caution. For the pregnant women with a high risk of placenta percreta, timely and accurate diagnosis should be achieved during the gestational age, and bladder bleeding should be concerned when placenta penetrates through the anterior wall of uterus.

简介：Thestudyhasexplored11correlativevariableswhichmightaffectthegallblad-derpressureGBPofpatientswithgallstoneafterauricularelectricalstimulationbymeansofmultiplestepwiseregression.Itwasfoundthatthesizeofgallbladderstone(X9),cholecystolithiasis(X4),sex(X1),andthebaselineofGBP(X10)couldaffecttheGBPchangerange(Y1)depressinglyorreinforcingly.AlsothebaselineofGBP(Y1)couldbeaffectedbythevariablesX1(sex),X2(age),andX6(longdiameterofthegallbladder,LDGB),etc..TheresultshowsthatthechangeinGBPafterauricularelectricalstimulationiscomprehensivelyinfluencedbymultiplefactors.Anditprovidessomeusefulinformationforpredictingthecurativeeffectofauriculartherapyongallbladderstoneinclinic.

简介：AbstractBackground:After radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer, the most common complication is lower urinary tract symptoms. Post-operatively, bladder capacity can alter bladder function for a prolonged period. This study aimed to identify factors affecting bladder storage function.Methods:A multicenter, retrospective cohort study was conducted. Information of patients with stages IA2 to IIB cervical cancer with urodynamic study results were retrospectively collected from nine hospitals between June 2013 and June 2018 according to the inclusion criteria. Demographic, surgical, and oncological data were collected. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify clinical factors associated with bladder storage function.Results:Two hundred and three patients with cervical cancer had urodynamic testing post-operatively. Ninety-five (46.8%) patients were diagnosed with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). The incidence of low bladder compliance (LBC) was 23.2%. Twenty-seven (13.3%) patients showed detrusor overactivity (DO). Fifty-seven patients (28.1%) presented with a decreased maximum cystometric capacity (DMCC). The probability of composite bladder storage dysfunction was 68.0%. Multivariate analysis confirmed that laparoscopy represents a protective factor for SUI with an odds ratio of 0.498 (P = 0.034). Patients who underwent a nerve-sparing procedure were less odds to experience SUI (P = 0.014). A significant positive correlation between LBC and DO was observed (P < 0.001). A greater length of the resected vagina and chemoradiotherapy were common risk factors for LBC and DO, while radiotherapy exerted a stronger effect than chemotherapy. Additionally, patients who received chemoradiotherapy frequently developed a DMCC. The follow-up time was not correlated with bladder storage function.Conclusion:A nerve-sparing procedure without longer resected vagina is recommended for protecting the bladder storage function.

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简介：INTRODUCTIONApproximately400millionpersonsworldwidesufferfrombladderdisease.Individualswithend-stagebladderdiseaseoftenrequirebladderreplacementorrepair.Severalbladdersubstituteshavebeenattemptedwithbothorganicmaterialsandsynthetics.

简介：一些研究证明了三角洲Np63的损失与好攻击的显型和差的预后被联系。然而，另外的研究显示三角洲Np63被认为有oncogenic性质。三角洲Np63overexpression经常与有鳞的房间癌和膀胱癌症的oncogenic生长联合被观察。在这研究，我们在在膀胱(TCCB)的过渡房间癌调整房间粘附调查了三角洲Np63的oncogenic角色。房间是稳定地有三角洲Np63短发卡RNA(shRNA)plasmid的transfected。Immunocytochemistry被执行决定击倒的效率。瘤房间为他们遵守脉管的endothelial房间的能力被学习。共焦的显微镜学被用来在细胞骨架F肌动朊分析变化。F肌动朊表示被流动cytometry测量。房间侵略能力用transwell房间被估计。沉默Np63的瘤房间被显示出比控制更紧粘住到脉管的endothelial房间的三角洲(P<；0.05)。在三角洲的F肌动朊的内容沉默Np63的房间被提高(P<；0.05)。当时，Matrigel侵略试金证明人5637膀胱癌症房间有活动性的更低的度有pdeltaNp63-shRNA的transfected(P<；0.05)。在结论，三角洲Np63表示的silencing能由导致F肌动朊细胞骨架生产提高5637个房间的粘着性，并且它将可能禁止TCCB侵略和转移。

简介：Objective:ToconstructamutantpEGFP-hTERTexpressionvector,toobserveitssteadyexpressionintransfectedhumanbladdercarcinomacelllineT24anditsroleinmolecularregulatorymechanismsoftelomerase,andtoprovideanewtargetgeneforbladdercancer.Methods:PCRamplificationwasperformedbyusingprimersbasedontheknowngenesequenceofhTERT.PCRproductionwasclonedintoplasmidpGEMT-TeasyandthesequenceofmutanthTERTgenewasanalyzed.ArecombinantmutanthTERTvector(pEGFP-hTERT)wasconstructedattheEcoRIandSalIsitesofthepEGFP-C1vector.AftertransfectingthefusiongeneintobladdercarcinomacelllineT24bycalciumphosphate-DNAcoprecipitation,thesteadyexpressionofGFP-hTERTfusionproteinwastestedbyfluorescentlightmicroscopy.TheproliferationchangesofbladdercarcinomacelllineT24weredetectedbylightmicroscopyandsenescencecorrelatedβ-galactosidasestaining.Results:IdentificationofpEGFP-hTERTbyenzymedigestionshowedthatmutanthTERTfragmenthadbeenclonedintoEcoRIandSalIsitesofthepEGFP-C1vector.ThesteadyexpressionofGFP-hTERTfusionproteinwaslocalizedinthenucleusoftransfectedcells.Expressionofsenescence-associatedβ-galactosidaseintransfectedcellsgraduallyincreasedwithextendedculturedtimeandcellgrowthwassuppressed.Conclusion:Themutant-typehTERTgenesuppressestheproliferationofbladdercarcinomacelllineT24bycompetitiveeffectontelomeraseactivity.ThissuggeststhathTERTgenemightbeasuitablegenetargetforbladdercancertherapy.

简介：Objective:Toidentifyandseparatetheventralrootfromdorsalroot,whichisthekeyforsuccessoftheartificialsomatic-autonomicreflexpathwayprocedureforneurogenicbladderafterspinalcordinjury(SCI).Herewereporttheresultsofintra-operatingroommonitoringwith10paralyzedpatients.Methods:TenmalevolunteerswithcompletesuprasacralSCIunderwenttheartificialsomatic-autonomicprocedureundergeneralanesthesia.Vastusmedialis,tibialisanticusandgastrocnemiusmedialisoftheleftlowerlimbweremonitoredforelectromyogram(EMG)activitiesresultedfromL4,L5,andS1stimulationrespectivelytodifferentiatetheventralrootfromdorsalroot.ALaborieUrodynamicssystemwasconnectedwithathreechannelurodynamiccatheterinsertedintothebladder.TheL2andL3rootswerestimulatedseparatelywhiletheintravesicalpressurewasmonitoredtoevaluatethefunctionofeachroot.Results:Thethresholdsofstimulationonventralrootwere0.02msduration,0.2-0.4mA,(mean0.3mA±0.07mA),comparedwith0.2-0.4msduration,1.5-3mA(mean2.3mA±0.5mA)fordorsalroot(P<0.01)tocauserevokedpotentialsandEMG.ElectricalstimulationonL4rootsresultedintheEMGbeingrecordedmainlyonvastusmedialis,whilestimulationonL5orS1rootscausedelectricalactivitiesoftibialisanticusorgastrocnemiusmedialisrespectively.Thecontinuousstimulationforabout3-5secondsonS2orS3ventralroot(0.02ms,20Hz,and0.4mA)couldresultedinbladderdetrusorcontraction,butthestrongestbladdercontractionover50cmH2OwasusuallycausedbystimulationonS3ventralrootin7ofthe10patients.Conclusions:Intra-operatingroomelectrophysiologicalmonitoringisofgreathelptoidentifyandseparateventralrootfromdorsalroot,andtoselecttheappropriatesacralventralrootforbestbladderreinnervation.Differentparametersandthresholdsondifferentrootsarethemostimportantfactorstokeepinmindtoavoiddamagingtherootsandtoassurethebestresu

简介：几种技术被介绍了改进早手术后的克制。在这研究，我们评估了膀胱颈(vesicourethral吻合)的影响extraperitoneal的结果上的暂停内视镜的激进的前列腺切除术(EERPE)。在这研究，180个病人的一个总数经历了EERPE。组织经历了神经圆材EERPE(nsEERPE)(n=45)的1个包括的病人，并且组织与膀胱颈暂停经历了nsEERPE的2个包括的病人(BNS，n=45)。组织3(n=45)并且(n=45)4包括了分别地与BNS收到了EERPE和EERPE的病人。病人们随机被分配与他们的nsEERPE或EERPE过程收到BNS。Perioperative参数被记录，并且克制被在导管移动以后在第二天决定吸收剂垫(垫称测试)的数字和重量并且由一张问询表评估3个月手术后地。在导管移动以后的二天，11.1%；组1，11.1%；组2，4.4%；组3和8.9%；组4者之中是大陆。平均的尿损失是80.4，70.1，325.0和291.3 ；为这些的各个的g分别地组织。在3个月，76.5%；组1和81.3%；组2者之中是大陆。为组3和4的克制数字是48.5%；并且43.8%；分别地。类似的全面的率在所有组被观察。在结论，尽管在文学有争论报告，当时，早克制从来没被观察在BNS组显著地更高与non-BNS组相比，不管EERPE，技术表现了。

简介：Amajorproblemwhichispoorlyunderstoodinthemanagementofbladdercancerislowsensitivitytochemotherapyandhighrecurrenceaftertransurethralresection.Insulin-likegrowthfactor1receptor(IGF-1R)signalingplaysaveryimportantroleinprogression,invasionandmetastasisofbladdercancercells.Inthisstudy,weinvestigatedwhetherIGF-1Rwasinvolvedinthegrowthstimulatingactivityanddrugresistanceofbladdercancercells.Theresultsshowed:ThemRNAsofIGF-1,IGF-2andIGF-1Rwerestronglyexpressedinserum-freeculturedT24cellline,whereasnormalurothelialcellsdidnotexpressthesefactors/receptorsoronlyintracelevels;T24cellrespondedfarbettertogrowthstimulationbyIGF-1thandidnormalurothelialcells;blockageofIGF1Rbyantisenseoligodeoxynucleotide(ODN)significantlyinhibitedthegrowthofT24cellandenhancedsensitivityandapoptosisofT24cellstomitomycin(MMC).TheseresultssuggestedthatblockageofIGF-IRsignalingmightpotentiallycontributetothetreatmentofbladdercancercellswhichareinsensitivetochemotherapy.

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简介：Objectives:Toinvestigatetheeffectsofadenovirus-mediatedinduciblenitricoxidesynthasegenetransfectiononbladdertransitionalcellcarcinomaT24cells,andtoprovidenovelinsightsandapproachestoclinicaltherapiesagainstbladdertransitionalcellcarcinoma.Methods:Firstly,constructrecombinantadenovirusvectorpAd-iNOSofiNOS,followedbytransfectionofpAd-iNOSintoHECK293packagingcells.Thirdly,harvestrecombinantadenovirusrAd-iNOSafteramplificationandpurificationprocedures.Finally,transfecttherecombinantadenovirusrAd-iNOSintohumanbladdercarcinomaT24cellsandexaminetheeffectofrAd-iNOStransfectiononapoptosisofT24andpossiblemechanism.Results:Asshownbythisstudy,therecombinantadenovirusrAd-iNOSwasconstructedsuccessfully.Thevirustiterwas5.8×108PFU/mLandrecombinantwasverifiedbyPCRanalysis.TransfectionofadenovirusrAd-iNOSintoT24cellscouldinducesecretionofhighNOconcentration,P53proteinexpressionupregulation,aswellaspromotionofT24cellapoptosis.Conclusions:ThetransfectionofhumanbladdercarcinomaT24cellsfromrecombinantadenovirusrAdiNOSwasconfirmedtoinduceintracellulariNOSover-expression,highproductionofNO,up-regulationofintracellularP53expressionandpromotionofcellapoptosis.