简介：TheChineseAcademyofMeteorologicalSciences(CAMS)hasbeendevotedtodevelopingaclimatesystemmo-del(CSM)tomeetdemandforclimatesimulationandpredictionfortheEastAsianregion.Inthisstudy,weevaluatedtheperformanceofCAMS-CSMinregardtosensibleheatflux(H),latentheatflux(LE),surfacetemperature,soilmoisture,andsnowdepth,focusingontheAtmosphericModelIntercomparisonProjectexperiment,withtheaimofparticipatingintheCoupledModelIntercomparisonProjectphase6.WesystematicallyassessedthesimulationresultsachievedbyCAMS-CSMforthesevariablesagainstvariousreferenceproductsandgroundobservations,includingtheFLUXNETmodeltreeensemblesHandLEdata,ClimatePredictionCentersoilmoisturedata,snowdepthclimatologydata,andChinesegroundobservationsofsnowdepthandwintersurfacetemperature.WecomparedtheseresultswithdatafromtheECMWFInterimreanalysis(ERA-Interim)andGlobalLandDataAssimilationSystem(GLDAS).OurresultsindicatedthatCAMS-CSMsimulationswerebetterthanorcomparabletoERA-Interimreanalysisforsnowdepthandwintersurfacetemperatureatregionalscales,butslightlyworsewhensimulatingtotalcolumnsoilmoisture.Theroot-mean-squaredifferencesofHinCAMS-CSMwereallgreaterthanthosefromtheERA-Interimreanalysis,butlessthanorcomparabletothosefromGLDAS.ThespatialcorrelationsforHinCAMS-CSMwerethelowestinnearlyallregions,exceptforNorthAmerica.CAMS-CSMLEproducedthelowestbiasinSiberia,NorthAmerica,andSouthAmerica,butwiththelowestspatialcorrelationcoefficients.Therefore,therearestillscopesforimprovingHandLEsimulationsinCAMS-CSM,particularlyforLE.

简介：TheChineseAcademyofMeteorologicalSciencesClimateSystemModel(CAMS-CSM)isanewlydevelopedglobalclimatemodelthatwillparticipateintheCoupledModelIntercomparisonProjectphase6.Basedonhistoricalsimulations(1900-2013),weevaluatethemodelperformanceinsimulatingtheobservedcharacteristicsoftheArcticclimatesystem,whichincludesairtemperature,precipitation,theArcticOscillation(AO),oceantemperature/salinity,theAtlanticmeridionaloverturningcirculation(AMOC),snowcover,andseaice.Themodel-datacomparisonsindicatethattheCAMS-CSMreproducesspatialpatternsofclimatologicalmeanairtemperatureovertheArctic(60°-90°N)andarapidwarmingtrendfrom1979to2013.However,thewarmingtrendisoverestimatedsouthoftheArcticCircle,implyingasubduedArcticamplification.ThedistributionofclimatologicalprecipitationintheArcticisbroadlycapturedinthemodel,whereasitshowslimitedskillsindepictingtheoverallincreasingtrend.TheAOcanbereproducedbytheCAMS-CSMintermsofreasonablepatternsandvariability.Regardingtheoceansimulation,themodelunderestimatestheAMOCandzonallyaveragedoceantemperaturesandsalinityaboveadepthof500m,anditfailstoreproducetheobservedincreasingtrendintheupperoceanheatcontentintheArctic.Thelarge-scaledistributionofthesnowcoverextent(SCE)intheNorthernHemisphereandtheoveralldecreasingtrendinthespringSCEarecapturedbytheCAMS-CSM,whilethebiasedmagnitudesexist.DuetotheunderestimationoftheAMOCandthepoorquantificationofair-seainteraction,theCAMS-CSMoverestimatesregionalseaiceandunderestimatestheobserveddecreasingtrendinArcticsea-iceareainSeptember.Overall,theCAMS-CSMreproducesaclimatologicaldistributionoftheArcticclimatesystemandgeneraltrendsfrom1979to2013comparedwiththeobservations,butitshowslimitedskillsinmodelinglocaltrendsandinterannualvariability.

简介：近年信息化的发展，越来越多的企业和行政单位完成了网络化建设。随着网络技术的普及，网络的维护和管理也越来越重要，在网络维护中，通过网管软件等工具维护人员能基本做到对服务器系统、网络设备以及数据流量等的监控和管理。但在具体工作中网管人员还会经常遇到以下问题：

简介：该项目的目标是研制三维、复杂云物理的层状云模式，用于人工增雨和降水预报；研制三维、复杂云物理和地形的对流云模式，用于强对流预报和人工增雨防雹；研制中小尺度云分辨模式，用于研究α、β、γ中尺度云群的宏微观结构和演变规律；研制云辐射模式，研究辐射对云和降水的影响。该项目4次得到自然科学基金的支持，1999—2003年得到国家973项目“新一代数值预报模式的理论和方法研究”课题的支持。由中国气象科学研究院胡志晋、周秀骥、楼小凤、刘奇俊和北京大学赵春生以及秦瑜、刘玉宝、刘公波、何观芳等同志在15年内完成。

简介：央视--索福瑞媒介研究(CSM)是CTR市场研究与世界领先的市场研究集团TNS共同建立的合资公司,公司致力于专业的电视收视市场研究,为中国传媒行业提供可信的、不间断的电视观众调查服务,CSM拥有世界上最大的电视观众收视调查网络,全国调查样本地区达到210个、调查网覆盖3.6万余户家庭、超过12万样本人口,对全国1,000多个主要电视频道的收视情况进行全天候不间断地监测.迄今已有近20家4A国际广告公司、100多家电视台、近400家国内广告公司和数家国内著名企业成为CSM的客户,定期享有CSM提供的丰富多样的收视率数据和研究服务.2004年以来,CSM还推出了超过23个重要城市市场的广播收听率调查服务,对全国226个主要广播频率进行扫描监测.CSM收视率和收听率已成为中国电视广播节目、广告交易的"通用货币".

简介：Anewcoupledclimatesystemmodel(CSM)hasbeendevelopedattheChineseAcademyofMeteorologicalSciences(CAMS)byemployingseveralstate-of-the-artcomponentmodels.ThecoupledCAMS-CSMconsistsofthemodifiedatmosphericmodel[ECmwf-HAMburg(ECHAM5)],oceanmodel[ModularOceanModel(MOM4)],seaicemodel[SeaIceSimulator(SIS)],andlandsurfacemodel[CommonLandModel(CoLM)].Adetailedmodeldescriptionispresentedandboththepre-industrialand“historical”simulationsarepreliminarilyevaluatedinthisstudy.Themodelcanreproducetheclimatologicalmeanstatesandseasonalcyclesofthemajorclimatesystemquantities,includingtheseasurfacetemperature,precipitation,seaiceextent,andtheequatorialthermocline.ThemajorclimatevariabilitymodesarealsoreasonablycapturedbytheCAMS-CSM,suchastheMadden-JulianOscillation(MJO),ElNi?o-SouthernOscillation(ENSO),EastAsianSummerMonsoon(EASM),andPacificDecadalOscillation(PDO).ThemodelshowsapromisingabilitytosimulatetheEASMvariabilityandtheENSO-EASMrelationship.Somebiasesstillexist,suchasthefalsedouble-intertropicalconvergencezone(ITCZ)intheannualmeanprecipitationfield,theoverestimatedENSOamplitude,andtheweakenedBjerknesfeedbackassociatedwithENSO;andthustheCAMS-CSMneedsfurtherimprovements.

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简介：摘要：在以地下连续墙为围护结构的超深基坑的防渗、止水工艺中，有三轴深层搅拌桩、MJS水泥旋喷桩、CSM、TRD等相关技术及措施，三轴深层搅拌桩在深度30米以下垂直度无法保证，MJS在深厚砂层富水的长江一级阶地应用效果有待验证，施工质量参差不齐。在武汉二七路过江通道深基坑止水帷幕的选用上，考虑采用CSM工法作为地下连续墙的止水帷幕。CSM是一种深层研磨搅拌技术，该技术导致一组铣床切地层，强行破坏更换后的土体，同时向土体注入硬面糊材料和高压气体，并使土层与固化的面糊液充分混合，以达到CSM工作方法可以形成矩形硬墙槽截面，并且墙槽截面彼此紧密配合，以获得可靠的防渗透效果。CSM方法具有很强的地层适应性，可以剪切坚硬的岩层，从而确保不透水的垂直墙与单独的透水岩层之间的裂缝质量。CSM方法对临近长江且周边建筑敏感止水要求高的基坑被证明是合理、适用的防渗墙。

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简介：摘要：文章主要是分析了双轮铣深层搅拌水泥土施工技术，在此基础上讲解了其的优势和不适用的情形，最后提出了可行性的解决方案，望可以为有关人员提供到一定的参考和帮助。

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