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简介：Theanalytichierarchyprocess(AHP)isusedwidelyforanalyzingdecisionsmadeinvariousreal-worldapplications.Itsbasicideaistoconstructahierarchyofconceptsencounteredinagivendecisionproblemandtochoosethebestalternativeaccordingtopairwisecomparisonmatricesgivenbythedecisionmaker.Undertheassumptionoffullyrationaleconomics,areasonabledecisionshouldbeconsistent.Itbecomesanimportantissueonhowtoanalyzeandensuretheconsistencyofcomparisonmatricestogetherwiththejudgmentsofthedecisionmaker.Themainobjectivesofthepresentpaperarethreefold.First,wereviewthebasicideaandmethodsusedtodefinetheconsistencyandthetransitivityofmultiplicativereciprocalmatrices,additivereciprocalmatricesandcomparisonmatriceswithfuzzyintervalandtriangularfuzzynumbers.TheexistingcontroversybehindtheapplicationsoffuzzysettheorytotheAHPintheliteratureispresented.Second,theconsistencyofthecollectivecomparisonmatricesingroupdecisionmakingbasedonAHPandfuzzyAHPisfurtheranalyzed.WepointoutthattheweakconsistencyofpreferencerelationswithfuzzynumbersinfuzzyAHPandgroupdecisionmakingshouldbeinvestigatedcomprehensively.Third,undertheconsiderationofthevaguenessintheprocessofevaluatingthejudgements,anewconceptoffuzzyconsistencyofcomparisonmatricesintheAHPisgiven.

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简介：ＣＯＮＳＩＳＴＥＮＣＹＦＯＲＫＥＲＮＥＬＥＳＴＩＭＡＴＥＯＦＣＯＮＤＩＴＩＯＮＡＬＦＵＮＣＴＩＯＮ￥ＨＵＳｈｕｈｅ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔＯｆＭａｔｈｅｍｏｔｉｃｓ，ＡｎｈｕｉＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｈｅｆｅｉ２３００３９，Ｃｈｉｎａ）Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：...

简介：Itisreasonablethatthestrictsciencesrepresentedbymathematics,physicsandchemistryhavenearlybeenakindofsubstitutionalbeliefofhumansafter"theDeathofGod".Toconcludetheoretically,thesignificantattractionortheextremelygreatpowerofscienceis,inaword,thevalidityofthinkingandaction.Fromtheviewpointofhumanactionorpractice,scienceistheonlyreallyeffectivemeanswehavetodealwithnature(theother)thatspeaksthelanguageofpower.Beingacreaturethatmaybehasnocompetitiveadvantageinbiologicalsenseexceptthebrain,mencouldnotliveintheworldwithoutpower,andthesubjectivehumanpowerrepresentedandembodiedinsciencecanbeconsideredastheonlysecretbywhichwecouldstandabovealltheotherbeingsontheearth.

简介：Ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃｔｏｍｏｇｒａｐｈｙ：ｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｅｎｃｙｏｆｉｍａｇｅｓａｎｄｇｒｏｕｎｄｗａｔｅｒｐｒｏｓｐｅｃｔｉｎｇＲＵＩＦＥＮＧ１）（冯锐）ＫＵＩＸＩＡＮＧＭＡ２）（马奎祥）ＨＯＮＧＧＵＯ３）（郭鸿）ＣＨＡＮＧＱＵＡＮ...

简介：Itiswellknownthatwhentherandomerrorsareiid.withfinitevariance,theweekandthestrongconsistencyofLSestimateofmultipleregressioncoefficientsareequivalent.Thisnote,byconstructingacounter-example,showsthatthisequivalencenolongerholdstrueincasethattherandomerrorspossessonlyther-thmomentwith1≤r＜2.

简介：Inversetechniqueisawidelyusedmethodinoceanography,butithasaproblemthattheretrievedsolutionsoftenviolatemodelpriorassumptions.Totunethemodelhasconsistentsolutions,aniterationapproach,whichsuccessivelyutilizestheposteriorstatisticsfornextroundinverseestimation,isintroducedandtestedfromarealcasestudy.Itisfoundthattheconsistencymaybecomeelusiveasthedeterminantsofsolutionandnoisecovariancematricesbecomezerointheiterationprocess.However,afterseveralstepsofsuchoperation,thedifferencebetweenposteriorstatisticsandthemodelprioronescanbegraduallyreduced.

简介：Inthe2004U.S.presidentialelection,despitewell-divideddomesticopinionsandKerry'sappealingsloganof"ReversingtheTrend,"aslightmajoritystillvotedforGeorgeW.Bushintheend.Itisobviousthat,basedontheauthor'sanalysis,securityagendasuchascounter-terrorismandIraqiissuehascontributedgreatlytothereelectionofMr.Bush.ThisalsoindicatesthatthesecuritypolicyofBush'ssecondtermwillbasicallybeconsistent.

简介：GeographicalInformationSystem(GIS)iswidelyusedinmanyfields.Withtherapiddevelopmentofcomputernetwork,GISuserscaremoreaboutdatasharinginnetworks.Intraditionalrelationaldatabase,dataconsistencywascontrolledbyconsistencycontrolmechanismwhenadataobjectislockedinasharingmode,othertransactionscanonlyreadit,butcannotupdateit.Thisisappropriateintraditionalrelationaldatabasesthatstoreattributedataandmainlydealwithshorttransactions.Inspatialdatabases,becauseofvastamountofdataandcomplextopologicalrelations,longtransactionaremetfrequently.Ifthetraditionalconsistencycontrolmethodhasbeenusedyet,thesystem'sconcurrencywillbebadlyinfluenced.SotherecomemanynewrequirementsfortheconsistencycontrolinthefieldofGIS.Therearemanyaspectsofdataconsistencyproblemsinspatial　databases,suchastheinconsistencybetweenattributeandgeometrydata;theinconsistencyoftopologicalrelationsaftergeometryobjectshasbeenmodified.Inthispaper,othertwocasesofdataconsistencyarediscussedinMulti_userGeographicalInformationSystem.　　InGIS,therearemanyformsofdata,suchasgeometrydata,attribute,imagedata,andDEMdata.Inthispaper,weonlydiscussspatialgeometrydata.

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简介：Theweightedarithmeticalmeancomplexjudgementmatrix(WAMCJM)isthemostcommonmethodforaggregatinggroupopinions,butithasashortcoming,namelytheWAMCJMoftheperfectlyconsistentjudgementmatricesgivenbyexpertscanotguaranteeitsperfectconsistency.AnupperboundoftheWAMCJM'sconsistencyispresented.Simultaneously,acompatibilityindexofjudgingtheaggregatingextentofgroupopinionsisalsointroduced.TheWAMCJMisofacceptableconsistencyandisprovedprovidedthecompatibilitiesofalljudgementmatricesgivenbyexpertsaresmallerthanthethresholdvalueofacceptableconsistency.Theseconclusionsareimportanttogroupdecisionmaking.

简介：Usingregionaldatafrom1990to2010inChina,thepaperexaminestrends,determinants,regionaldisparitiesandspatialeffectsofpopulationandeconomicdistributionconsistency.Resultsshowthatpopulationdensityismuchsmallerthaneconomicdensityatnationallevelandintheeastregions,Whilepopulationdensityislargerthaneconomicdensityinmiddleandwestregionsofthecountry.Spatialdependenceandspatialconcentrationexistinthepopulation-economicdistributioninconsistencyinChina.Materialcapital,humancapital,infrastructureconstructionandpoliciesarethemaininfluencingfactorswheneconomiclevelandstructurearecontrolled.Thereareprominentdifferencesintheabovefactorsindeterminingregionalpopulation-economicspatialdistributioninconsistency.Further,neglectingspatialeffectofpopulation-economicdistributioninconsistencycouldresultinunderestimationofmarketmechanismandoverestimationoftheroleofthegovernment.

简介：ＡＮＯＴＥＯＮＴＨＥＳＴＲＯＮＧＣＯＮＳＩＳＴＥＮＣＹＯＦＥＳＴＥＭＡＴＥＳＩＮ　ＰＡＲＴＩＡＬＬＹ　ＬＩＮＥＡＲ　ＭＯＤＥＬＳＺｈｕＬｉｘｉｎｇ；（朱力行）ＡｎＨｏｎｇｚｈｉ（安鸿志）（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＡｐｐｌｉｅｄＭａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃｓ，Ｃ...

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简介：§1.IntroductionandMainResultLet(X,F)beaJBrXR'-valuedvector.AssumethatwhenX=xisgiven,thereexistsaconditionaldensityofYtobedenotedbyf(y[x),whichisaBorel-measurablefunctionof(x,y).Notethatwedonotassumetheexistenceofadensityfunctionof(X,F).Let(X-i,fi),—,(Xn,Fn)bei.i.d.samplesof(X,F).Ourpurposeistoestimatef(y\x)basedonthesesamples.Thisisaninterestingprobleminviewofeitherpuretheoryorpracticalapplications.MotivatedbytheideasuggestedinkernelandNNestimationsinthetheoryofnonparametricregressionanddensityestimates,thefirstauthorproposesthefollowingtwoclassesofestimatorsoff(y\x):

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简介：Ithasbeenevidentthatthetheoryandmethodsofdynamicderivativesareplayinganincreasinglyimportantrleinhybridmodelingandcomputations.Beingconstructedonvariouskindsofhybridgrids,thatis,timescales,dynamicderivativesoffersuperioraccuracyandflexibilityinapproximatingmathematicallyimportantnat-uralprocesseswithhard-to-predictsingularities,suchastheepidemicgrowthwithun-predictablejumpsizesandoptionmarketchangeswithhighuncertainties,ascom-paredwithconventionalderivatives.Inthisarticle,weshallreviewthenovelnewconcepts,exploredelicaterelationsbetweenthemostfrequentlyusedsecond-orderdy-namicderivativesandconventionalderivatives.Weshallinvestigatenecessarycondi-tionsforguaranteeingtheconsistencybetweenthetwoderivatives.Wewillshowthatsuchaconsistencymayneverexistingeneral.Thisimpliesthatthedynamicderivativesprovideentirelydifferentnewtoolsforsensitivemodelingandapproximationsonhy-bridgrids.Rigorouserroranalysiswillbegivenviaasymptoticexpansionsforfurthermodelingandcomputationalapplications.Numericalexperimentswillalsobegiven.

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