简介:Theanalytichierarchyprocess(AHP)isusedwidelyforanalyzingdecisionsmadeinvariousreal-worldapplications.Itsbasicideaistoconstructahierarchyofconceptsencounteredinagivendecisionproblemandtochoosethebestalternativeaccordingtopairwisecomparisonmatricesgivenbythedecisionmaker.Undertheassumptionoffullyrationaleconomics,areasonabledecisionshouldbeconsistent.Itbecomesanimportantissueonhowtoanalyzeandensuretheconsistencyofcomparisonmatricestogetherwiththejudgmentsofthedecisionmaker.Themainobjectivesofthepresentpaperarethreefold.First,wereviewthebasicideaandmethodsusedtodefinetheconsistencyandthetransitivityofmultiplicativereciprocalmatrices,additivereciprocalmatricesandcomparisonmatriceswithfuzzyintervalandtriangularfuzzynumbers.TheexistingcontroversybehindtheapplicationsoffuzzysettheorytotheAHPintheliteratureispresented.Second,theconsistencyofthecollectivecomparisonmatricesingroupdecisionmakingbasedonAHPandfuzzyAHPisfurtheranalyzed.WepointoutthattheweakconsistencyofpreferencerelationswithfuzzynumbersinfuzzyAHPandgroupdecisionmakingshouldbeinvestigatedcomprehensively.Third,undertheconsiderationofthevaguenessintheprocessofevaluatingthejudgements,anewconceptoffuzzyconsistencyofcomparisonmatricesintheAHPisgiven.
简介:Itisreasonablethatthestrictsciencesrepresentedbymathematics,physicsandchemistryhavenearlybeenakindofsubstitutionalbeliefofhumansafter"theDeathofGod".Toconcludetheoretically,thesignificantattractionortheextremelygreatpowerofscienceis,inaword,thevalidityofthinkingandaction.Fromtheviewpointofhumanactionorpractice,scienceistheonlyreallyeffectivemeanswehavetodealwithnature(theother)thatspeaksthelanguageofpower.Beingacreaturethatmaybehasnocompetitiveadvantageinbiologicalsenseexceptthebrain,mencouldnotliveintheworldwithoutpower,andthesubjectivehumanpowerrepresentedandembodiedinsciencecanbeconsideredastheonlysecretbywhichwecouldstandabovealltheotherbeingsontheearth.
简介:Electromagnetictomography:consistencyofimagesandgroundwaterprospectingRUIFENG1)(冯锐)KUIXIANGMA2)(马奎祥)HONGGUO3)(郭鸿)CHANGQUAN...
简介:Itiswellknownthatwhentherandomerrorsareiid.withfinitevariance,theweekandthestrongconsistencyofLSestimateofmultipleregressioncoefficientsareequivalent.Thisnote,byconstructingacounter-example,showsthatthisequivalencenolongerholdstrueincasethattherandomerrorspossessonlyther-thmomentwith1≤r<2.
简介:Inversetechniqueisawidelyusedmethodinoceanography,butithasaproblemthattheretrievedsolutionsoftenviolatemodelpriorassumptions.Totunethemodelhasconsistentsolutions,aniterationapproach,whichsuccessivelyutilizestheposteriorstatisticsfornextroundinverseestimation,isintroducedandtestedfromarealcasestudy.Itisfoundthattheconsistencymaybecomeelusiveasthedeterminantsofsolutionandnoisecovariancematricesbecomezerointheiterationprocess.However,afterseveralstepsofsuchoperation,thedifferencebetweenposteriorstatisticsandthemodelprioronescanbegraduallyreduced.
简介:Inthe2004U.S.presidentialelection,despitewell-divideddomesticopinionsandKerry'sappealingsloganof"ReversingtheTrend,"aslightmajoritystillvotedforGeorgeW.Bushintheend.Itisobviousthat,basedontheauthor'sanalysis,securityagendasuchascounter-terrorismandIraqiissuehascontributedgreatlytothereelectionofMr.Bush.ThisalsoindicatesthatthesecuritypolicyofBush'ssecondtermwillbasicallybeconsistent.
简介:GeographicalInformationSystem(GIS)iswidelyusedinmanyfields.Withtherapiddevelopmentofcomputernetwork,GISuserscaremoreaboutdatasharinginnetworks.Intraditionalrelationaldatabase,dataconsistencywascontrolledbyconsistencycontrolmechanismwhenadataobjectislockedinasharingmode,othertransactionscanonlyreadit,butcannotupdateit.Thisisappropriateintraditionalrelationaldatabasesthatstoreattributedataandmainlydealwithshorttransactions.Inspatialdatabases,becauseofvastamountofdataandcomplextopologicalrelations,longtransactionaremetfrequently.Ifthetraditionalconsistencycontrolmethodhasbeenusedyet,thesystem'sconcurrencywillbebadlyinfluenced.SotherecomemanynewrequirementsfortheconsistencycontrolinthefieldofGIS.Therearemanyaspectsofdataconsistencyproblemsinspatial databases,suchastheinconsistencybetweenattributeandgeometrydata;theinconsistencyoftopologicalrelationsaftergeometryobjectshasbeenmodified.Inthispaper,othertwocasesofdataconsistencyarediscussedinMulti_userGeographicalInformationSystem. InGIS,therearemanyformsofdata,suchasgeometrydata,attribute,imagedata,andDEMdata.Inthispaper,weonlydiscussspatialgeometrydata.
简介:Theweightedarithmeticalmeancomplexjudgementmatrix(WAMCJM)isthemostcommonmethodforaggregatinggroupopinions,butithasashortcoming,namelytheWAMCJMoftheperfectlyconsistentjudgementmatricesgivenbyexpertscanotguaranteeitsperfectconsistency.AnupperboundoftheWAMCJM'sconsistencyispresented.Simultaneously,acompatibilityindexofjudgingtheaggregatingextentofgroupopinionsisalsointroduced.TheWAMCJMisofacceptableconsistencyandisprovedprovidedthecompatibilitiesofalljudgementmatricesgivenbyexpertsaresmallerthanthethresholdvalueofacceptableconsistency.Theseconclusionsareimportanttogroupdecisionmaking.
简介:Usingregionaldatafrom1990to2010inChina,thepaperexaminestrends,determinants,regionaldisparitiesandspatialeffectsofpopulationandeconomicdistributionconsistency.Resultsshowthatpopulationdensityismuchsmallerthaneconomicdensityatnationallevelandintheeastregions,Whilepopulationdensityislargerthaneconomicdensityinmiddleandwestregionsofthecountry.Spatialdependenceandspatialconcentrationexistinthepopulation-economicdistributioninconsistencyinChina.Materialcapital,humancapital,infrastructureconstructionandpoliciesarethemaininfluencingfactorswheneconomiclevelandstructurearecontrolled.Thereareprominentdifferencesintheabovefactorsindeterminingregionalpopulation-economicspatialdistributioninconsistency.Further,neglectingspatialeffectofpopulation-economicdistributioninconsistencycouldresultinunderestimationofmarketmechanismandoverestimationoftheroleofthegovernment.
简介:ANOTEONTHESTRONGCONSISTENCYOFESTEMATESIN PARTIALLY LINEAR MODELSZhuLixing;(朱力行)AnHongzhi(安鸿志)(InstituteofAppliedMathematics,C...
简介:§1.IntroductionandMainResultLet(X,F)beaJBrXR'-valuedvector.AssumethatwhenX=xisgiven,thereexistsaconditionaldensityofYtobedenotedbyf(y[x),whichisaBorel-measurablefunctionof(x,y).Notethatwedonotassumetheexistenceofadensityfunctionof(X,F).Let(X-i,fi),—,(Xn,Fn)bei.i.d.samplesof(X,F).Ourpurposeistoestimatef(y\x)basedonthesesamples.Thisisaninterestingprobleminviewofeitherpuretheoryorpracticalapplications.MotivatedbytheideasuggestedinkernelandNNestimationsinthetheoryofnonparametricregressionanddensityestimates,thefirstauthorproposesthefollowingtwoclassesofestimatorsoff(y\x):
简介:Ithasbeenevidentthatthetheoryandmethodsofdynamicderivativesareplayinganincreasinglyimportantrleinhybridmodelingandcomputations.Beingconstructedonvariouskindsofhybridgrids,thatis,timescales,dynamicderivativesoffersuperioraccuracyandflexibilityinapproximatingmathematicallyimportantnat-uralprocesseswithhard-to-predictsingularities,suchastheepidemicgrowthwithun-predictablejumpsizesandoptionmarketchangeswithhighuncertainties,ascom-paredwithconventionalderivatives.Inthisarticle,weshallreviewthenovelnewconcepts,exploredelicaterelationsbetweenthemostfrequentlyusedsecond-orderdy-namicderivativesandconventionalderivatives.Weshallinvestigatenecessarycondi-tionsforguaranteeingtheconsistencybetweenthetwoderivatives.Wewillshowthatsuchaconsistencymayneverexistingeneral.Thisimpliesthatthedynamicderivativesprovideentirelydifferentnewtoolsforsensitivemodelingandapproximationsonhy-bridgrids.Rigorouserroranalysiswillbegivenviaasymptoticexpansionsforfurthermodelingandcomputationalapplications.Numericalexperimentswillalsobegiven.