简介：(MeiweiShuang’er)Removethetremellaandediblefungusroots,cleananddrain.Slicegreenpeppersandcarrots.Heatsomeoilinawok,addtremella,ediblefungus,greenpeppersandcarrots,andclearstock,saltandsugar.Simmerfortwominutes.AddMSGandpepper,removetoaplate,andserve.Features:Attractivelyblackandwhite.Taste:Crispandsavory.

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简介：AbstractSclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a necrotrophic plant pathogen that causes cottony rot, watery soft rot, stem rot, white mold, and other disease symptoms in over 700 plant hosts around the world. Destruction of economically important crops, the lack of resistant cultivars, and the general challenge of controlling diseases caused by this broad-based pathogen call for continued research. However, in recent years, mass spectrometry-based proteomics analyses have been used to acquire a fundamental and in-depth molecular understanding of this fungal pathogen. In this review, we describe the characteristics of the Sclerotinia sclerotiorum pathogen and examine its virulence factors, secreted proteins, and host suppression mechanisms. Furthermore, we review recent proteomics studies and extrapolate their primary findings for the identification and functional characterization of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum proteins. Finally, we discuss key findings that shape the understanding of the virulent factors and pathogenesis of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and outline directions for future proteomic investigations of plant pathogens.

简介：重要细丝状的工业真菌，Rhizopuscohnii(R。cohnii)，作为有效biosorbent被使用把镉从废水移开。吸着条件生物资源的剂量和镉的起始的集中例如pH，被检验。二种吸附模型被使用模仿biosorption数据。镉的举起比处于强壮的酸状况处于弱酸状况是更高的。当pH价值比2.0低时，将近，镉的吸着都没发生。Biosorption等温的数据能被兰米尔和Freundlich模型很好模仿。biosorption的兰米尔模拟证明镉的最大的举起处于最佳的条件是40.5mg/g(0.36mmol/g)，它比许多另外的吸附物高，包括biosorbents并且激活碳。另外，可重用性结果在五次吸着和解吸附作用过程以后显示出那，R的吸着能力。cohnii能仍然维持将近80%，证实它在镉处理的实际申请。Fourier变换红外线的光谱揭示了那carboxyl，氨基并且biosorbentR上的氢氧根组。cohnii表面为镉的biosorption负责。

简介：三新aspochalsins(R-T)(1鈥?)从导出水兵的真菌Spicariaelegans被孤立。他们的结构被阐明根据全面光谱分析包括1D和2DNMR技术，和HR鈥揈S我鈥揗S。

简介：Anewcytotoxicpyrrolidinoindolinediketopiperazinedimer,cristatuminE(1),wasisolatedfromthefermentationbrothofthealgalfungusEurotiumherbariorumHT-2associatedwiththemarinealgae,Enteromorphaprolifera.ThestructurewasdeterminedbyspectroscopicanalysesandMarfey’saminoacidanalysis.CristatuminE(1)showedcytotoxicityagainstK562tumorcelllineandantibacterialactivityagainstEnterobacteraerogenesandEscherichiacoliwithIC50andMICvaluesof8.3,44.0and44.0mmol/L,respectively.

简介：Ricesheathblight,causedbyRhizoctoniasolani(Kühn),isanotorioussoil-bornediseaseprevalentinmanyrice-growingregions.AlthoughseveralsporadicstudiesofmycovirusesinR.solaniAG-1IAhavebeenreportedforsinglestrainofR.solaniAG-1IA,therehavebeennoreportsdescribingthedistributionanddiversityofmycovirusesinnaturalpopulations.Inthisstudy,43R.solaniAG-1IAstrainscollectedfromdifferentlocationsinChinawereexaminedforthepresenceofdsRNAelementstoconfirmthepresenceofviralinfections.Electrophoretypesshowedthat16ofthe43fungalstrains(37.2%)containeddsRNAsthatcanbecharacterizedasviruses.Furthermore,thespecies-specificreversetranscriptionPCR(RT-PCR)showeddsRNAbandswithsimilarsizesdonotalwayscontainthesamevirusbutexistasmixedmycoviralinfections.Thus,ourfindingsindicatemycovirusesinfectingR.solaniAG-1IAinChinaarediverse,widespreadanduniversal.

简介：Twonewcompounds,(22E)-25-carboxy-8β,14β-epoxy-4α,5α-dihydroxyergosta-2,22-dien-7-one(1)andfusidione(3),alongwithtwoknowncompounds,5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,22-diene-3β-ol(2)andmicroperfuranone(4),wereisolatedfromthefermentationproductsofthemarine-sourcedfungusAcremoniumfusidioidesRZ01.Thestructuresofcompounds1and3wereelucidatedbyextensivespectroscopicmethods,especially2DNMR,andtheirabsoluteconfigurationsweresuggestedonthebasisofthecirculardichroismspectralanalysisandtheNOESYdata.BothnewcompoundsshowedinhibitoryactivityagainstHL-60cellswithIC50valuesbeing16.6and44.9μmol·L-1,respectively.

简介：ectoparasitoidHabrobraconhebetor攻击和envenomate的女性众多的主人个人在oviposition期间。entomopathogenic真菌Beauveriabassiana的vectoring在实验室条件下面在由在蜡蛾幼虫街郎mellonella之中的ectoparasitoid女性的粘附阶段期间被探索。Vectoring从感染的parasitoids两个都发生了到蜡蛾幼虫并且从由parasitoids感染了到健康的蜡蛾幼虫。在两个盒子中的vectoring的功效是剂量依赖者。Parasitoid女性是不能的在迷宫测试认出感染的幼虫。另外，H的存在。(1.5-13褶层)hebetor女性显著地在G的簇增加了mycoses水平。mellonella，与感染真菌的conidia的40%幼虫。由H的Envenomation。hebetor由4.4褶层在蜡蛾幼虫的表皮上增加了conidia萌芽。提高的萌芽率(2褶层)与健康幼虫的相比在envenomated幼虫的nhexaneepicuticular摘录被登记。envenomation和mycoses提高了phenoloxidase(PO)在G的覆盖物的活动。mellonella并且相反，减少了在hemolymphs的封装率。我们假设在覆盖物性质和细胞的免疫的抑制的变化向entomopathogenic真菌的最高的感染功效提供H。hebetor。

简介：为鸡蛋的控制和甘薯白人的第二个中间形态阶段为24h跟随直接暴露到杀虫药剂Majestik，水花油，Agri-50E，Savona和天王卫四的entomopathogenic真菌Lecanicilliummuscarium的孢子萌芽上的效果飞，Bemisiatabaci，被决定。到Agri-50E和天王卫四的暴露被可接受的孢子萌芽跟随。L的传染性率。一品红叶子上的muscarium也面对杀虫药剂的干燥残余被调查。B的控制的没有重要有害效果onthelevels。tabaci与用于没有残余的叶子的真菌相比被记录。有真菌的化学药品Savona，水花油和Majestik的顺序的申请都生产了第二中间形态B的死亡。超过90%的tabaci。有L的这些化学药品的加入。muscarium进为B的综合防治法节目。tabaci被讨论。

简介：EctomycorrhizalfungusLaccariabicolorS238N,isolatedfromaforestsoilincentralFrancein1990s,hasdemonstratedunequivocallyandabilitytopromotepinegrowth.Inthepresentnurserybedexperiment,theabilityofthisectomycorrhizalfungustoincreasegrowthandPandKuptakeofDouglasFirseedlings(Zone22)wasexamined.Growthofinoculatedseedlingswasovertwice(plantheight)andthreetimes(biomass)thatofnon-inoculatedones.Similarly,boththeconcentrationsandtheamountsofPandKuptakebyseedlingsweresignificantlyincreasedbyfungalinoculation,indicatingtheimprovementofPandKnutritioninmycorrhizalseedlings.Incontrast,Al-Pinthesoilswasdecreasedobviouslybyplants,especiallybymycorrhizas,suggestingutilizationofthissoilPpoolbyplantsandmoreefficientAl-Pmobilizationbymycorrhizasthanbynomycorrhizas.Moreover,Kextractedby1mol/LHClfollowingconsecutiveextractionofH2OandCH3COONH4,whichmaynotbeplantavailable,couldbeutilizedbyfunguscoloniedroots.ThiscouldbeexplainedbythereleaseofprotonsandoxalatebyhypaewhichleadstoreplacementofinterlayerKinnonexpanded2:1claymineralsandbio-weatheringofphyllosilicates.

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简介：ThepresentstudywasdesignedtoisolateandcharacterizeapurifiedextractfromFusariumsolaniFG319,termedMFS(MetaboliteofFusariumsolaniFG319)thatshowedanti-atherosclerosisactivitybyinhibiting3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarylcoenzymeA(HMG-CoA)reductase.Responsesurfacemethodology(RSM)wasemployedtoachieveanimprovedyieldfromthefermentationmedium.Theinhibitingeffectoftheisolate,MFS,onHMG-CoAreductasewasgreaterthanthatofthepositivecontrol,lovastatin.TheaveragerecoveryofMFSandtherelativestandarddeviation(RSD)rangedbetween99.75%to101.18%,and0.31%to0.74%,respectively.TheRSDsintra-andinter-assayofthethreesamplesrangedfrom0.288%to2.438%,andfrom0.934%to2.383%,respectively.FromtheRSM,theconcentrationofinducer,cultivationtime,andculturetemperatureshadsignificanteffectsontheMFSproduction,withtheeffectofinducerconcentrationbeingmorepronouncedthatotherfactors.Inconclusion,theoptimalconditionsfortheMFSproductionwereachievedusingRSMandthatMFScouldbeexploredasananti-atherosclerosisagentbasedonitsabilitytoinhibitHMG-CoAreductase.