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简介：ThickenedheavyoilsinChinaaregeneticallycharacteristicofcontinenta.Astotheirphysico-chemicalproperties,theseoilsareveryhighinviscosityandlowinsulphurandtraceelementcon-tents.Inthegroupconstituents,theconcentrationsofnon-hydrocarbonsandasphalteneareveryhighbutthoseofsaturatedhydrocarbonsandaromaticsareverylow.Thegaschromatogramsofalkanesshowthattheseheavyoilshavehighabundancesofiso-alkanesandcyclichydrocarbons.Inallthesteroidsandterpenoids,bicyclicsesquiterpenoids,tricyclicditerpenoids,re-arrangedsteranesandgammaceranearestronglybildegradation-resistent.Theformationofheavyoilreservoirsiscontrolledmainlybylatebasinascendance,biodegradation,flushingbymeteoricwaterandoxidationintheoil-bearingformations.Ac-cordingtotheirformationmechanisms,heavyoilreservoirscanbeclassifiedasfourcategories:weatheringanddenudation,marginaloxidation,secondarymigrationandthickeningofbottomwater.Spacially,heavythickoilreservoirsaredistributedregularly:theyusuallyshowsomeparageneticrelationshipswithnormaloilreservoirs.Heavyoilreservoirsoftenoccurinstructuralhighsorinoverlyingyoungerstrata.Theirburialdepthisabout200m.Horizontally,mostofthemaredistributedonthemarginsofbasinsordepressions.

简介：TheearlyMesozoicgranodiorites(ca.165Ma)inthenortheasternHunanProvince(NEH)haveSiO2=65.4-69.65%,K2O/Na2O=0.95-1.38andK2O+Na2O＞6%,A/CNK=0.96-1.13andbelongtometaluminoushigh-Kcalc-alkalineseries.TheyarecharacterizedbyLREEandLILEsenrichment,andHFSEdepletionwithslightlynegativeEuanomalies(Eu/Eu*=0.62-0.90).Theinitial87Sr/86Srratiosareinrangefrom0.711458to0.717461,andεNdvaluesvaryfrom-9.4to-12.3,distinctfromthoseofthecontemporaneousgranodioritesmantle-derivedfromtheSoutheasternHunanProvince(SEH)(87Sr/86Sr(i)=0.707962～0.710396,εNd(t)=-6.98～-2.30).Bycontrast,suchsignaturesareroughlysimilartothoseoftheneighboringotherMesozoicgraniticplutons(Eu/Eu*=0.30-0.70;87Sr/86Sr＞0.710;εNd=-12to-16)inSouthChinaBlock(SCB),whichhavebeeninterpretedastheremeltingproductsofPrecambrianbasement.TheProterozoiclower-middlecrustisanimportantcontributortothepetrogenesisoftheseearlyMesozoicgranodioritesintheNEH.AnintracontinentalextensionsettingispresentinthenortheasternHunanProvinceatthattimeduetothedemandofenoughthermaltransfer.

简介：Resultsobtainedfromthewide-spacedfloodplainsedimentsindicatethattheabundancesofPtandPdinfloodplainsedimentsare0.46ng/gand0.40ng/g,respectively.Threegeochemicalprovinces.Yunnan-Guizhou,Xinjiang-GansuandTibetofPtandPdwithacontentof0.8ng/g,weredelineated.

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简介：在中国的金geochemical省在这研究通过溪流沉积或集水沉积采样被描出。每个金geochemical省由2.5个ng/g封面的阀值价值描出几千公里的一个区域。是窘境geochemists传统地认为那块金牌不能在河或溪流里为长距离移居由于它的化学不活泼和高特定的密度形成一个大规模geochemical异例。在一台扫描电子显微镜(SEM)下面的量的分光镜的分析和观察显示亚微观的金粒子的存在(

简介：FirstcomprehensiveinvestigationsoftheCuonadongleucograniteexposedinNorthHimalayangneissdomeofsouthernTibetarepresentedinthisstudy.TheSIMSU-Pbagesofoscillatoryzirconrimsscatterinawiderangefrom34.1to16.0Ma,andtheCuonadongleucograniteprobablyemplacedat16.0Ma.High-preci-sion40Ar/39Ardatingonamuscovitesampleyieldsanessentiallyflatagespectrumwithconsistentplateauandisochronages,indicatingthattheCuonadongleucogranitecooledbelow450℃at14Ma.BasedontheyoungestzirconU-Pbageandmuscovite40Ar/39Arage,theCuon-adongleucograniteexperiencedrapidcoolingwitharateof119℃/Myrfrom16to14Ma.ThegeochronologicaldataofthisundeformedleucogranitealsosuggestthattheductileextensionoftheSouthTibetanDetachmentSystemintheeasternHimalayaceasedbyca.14Ma.Furthermore,theinitialSr-NdisotopiccompositionsandNdmodelagesdemonstratethattheleucogranitewasderivedfrommeta-peliticsourcewithintheGreaterHimalayanCrystallineComplex.ThedistinctBadepletionwithhighRb/SrratiosandnegativeEuanomaliesmakeitclearthattheleucogranitemeltsweregeneratedbybreakdownofmus-coviteunderfluid-absentconditions.

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简介：Afixedlink(tunnelandbridge,intotal16km)wasconstructedbetweenSwedenandDenmarkduring1995-2000.Aspartofthework,approximately16milliontonnesofseabedmaterials(limestoneandclaytill)weredredged,andabout0.6milliontonnesofthesewerespilledinthewater.Modellingofthespreadingandsedimentationofthespilledsedimentstookplaceaspartoftheenvironmentalmonitoringoftheconstructionactivities.Inordertoverifytheresultsofthenumericalmodellingofsedimentspreadingandsedimentation,anewmethodwiththepurposeofdistinguishingbetweenthespilledsedimentsandthenaturallyoccurringsedimentswasdeveloped.Becausethespilledsedimentstendtoaccumulateattheseabedinareaswithnaturalsedimentsofthesamesize,itisdifficulttoseparatethesebasedpurelyonthephysicalproperties.Thenewmethodisbasedonthegeo-chemicaldifferencesbetweenthenaturalsedimentintheareaandthespill.ThebasicpropertiesusedarethehighercontentofcalciumcarbonatematerialinthespillascomparedtothenaturalsedimentsandthehigherCa/Srratiointhespillcomparedtoshellfragmentsdominatingthenaturalcalciumcarbonatedepositioninthearea.ThereasonforthesedifferencesisthatcarbonatederivedfromrecentshelldebriscanbediscriminatedfromDanienlimestone,whichisthematerialinwhichthemajorityofthedredgingtookplace,onthebasisoftheCa/Srratiobeing488inDanienLimestoneand237inshelldebris.Thegeochemicalrecognitionoftheoriginofthesedimentsprovedusefulinseparatingthespilledfromthenaturallyoccurringsediments.Withoutthisseparation,validationofthemodellingofaccumulationofspilledsedimentswouldnothavebeenpossible.Themethodhasgeneralvalidityandcanbeusedinmanysituationswheretheoriginoragivensedimentissought.

简介：Theresultsof118REEanalysesofLi-FgranitesfromSouthChinaandothercountriesindicatethattherearethreevariationtypesofREEpatterncurveswithdifferentevolutiontrendsfromearlytolatestagesofLi-FgranitecomplexoffromlowertoupperpetrofaciesoftheLi-Fgranitebody;(1)thedecreasing,(2)theincreasing,and(3)thesaltatoryvariationtypes.Thefirstvariationtypeiscalledthepositiveevolutiontype,attributedtocrystallizationdifferentiation.Thesecondiscalledthereversionevolutiontype.whichrepresentsliquidsegreationdominatedbyvapor-liquiddistillation.Thethirdiscalledthesaltatoryvariationtype,whichisformedfromliquidsegregationdominatedbyimmiscibilty,Therefore,theindicaticesofliquidsegregationdominatedbyimmiscibilityarethesaltatoryvariationtypeofREEpatternevolutionandtheseparationofthemainevolutiontrendlineseitherfromthesub-evolutiontrendlinesorfromthecompositionpointsofLi-FgranitesinthediagramsofREE-(La-Yb)NandLa/Sm-La,Theindicatricesofliquidsegregationdominatedbyvapor-liquidfractionaldistillationarethereverstionevolutiontypeofREEpatterncurvesandthemainevolutiontrendlinesofLi-Fgranitesdirectingtotheupperright-handontheREE-La/Yb)NandLa/Sm-Ladiagrams.

简介：Guizhouisoneofthedominatingkarstregions,wherelateriteiswidespread,inChina.Seventy-twolateritesamplesweretakenfromtwelvelateritesectionsinthekarstareasofGuizhouProvince,whicharepossessedoftypicalsubtropicalkarstgeomphologicalandecologicalenvironmentalfeaturesandhaveevolvedcompletelyfromdolostonesandlimestones.Intermsofthemajor,traceandREEdetaforthdsamplesthispaperdiscussesthegeochemicalcharacteristicsoflateriteinthekarstareaswithanattempttodisclosethegeochemicalprocessandevolutionaryruleoflateriteformation.Therehavebeeninvolvedthreeimportantpedogeneticgeochemicalprecessesintheformationoflateriteinthekarstareas:(1)enrichmentofsiliconandaluminumanddepletionofcalciumandmagnesium;(2)enrichmentofironandmanganese;and(3)enrichmentofaluminumanddepletionofsilicon.Duringtheformationandevolutionoflaterite,obviousenrichmentanddifferentiationoftraceelementssuchasCu,Pb,Zn,Ni,Co,Cr,Pb,F,Cl,andAscanbeobserved,butfortherare-earthelements,theirenrichmentisremarkableagainstaweakdifferentiation.TheREEdistributionpatternsinthelateritearesimilartothoseofitsparentalcarbonaterocks.

简介：ThecharacteristicstructuresofthePrecambrianchertsfromtheGusuisection,Guangdong,Chi-na,includebeddedstructure,laminatedstructure,massivestructureandpseudobrecciatedstructure.ThechertischaracterizedbyconsistentlylowabundanceofTiO2,Al2O3andmosttraceelements.Howevver,itisenrichedinBa,As,Sb,HgandSe.InAl-Fe-Mnternarydiagrams,itfallsintothe'hydrothermalfield'.Correspondenceanalysisandfactoranalysisshowthatmanyelementsshowupinthefactorthatrepresentstheleachingofcountryrocksbyhydrothermalsolutions,andaretheverycharacteristicelementassociationfothegeochemicallyanomalousSouthChinabasement.Petrologicandgeochemicalevidencesuggestsahydrothermaloriginforthechert.ThechertmayhavebeenformedinaPrecambrianfiftoranextensionzonedevelopedwithintheYunkaimarginalgeosyncline,withafaultsystemlinkingittoanunknownheatsourceatdepth.

简介：Asequentialextractionmethodforthefractionationofphosphorus(P)inlakesedimentswasusedtoanalyzephosphorusfractionsofsedimentstakenfromthreelarge,shallow,eutrophicfreshwaterlakesofChina-TaihuLake,ChaohuLake,andLongganLake.AllthreelakesarelocatedinthelowerreachesoftheChangjiangRiver(YangtzeRiver).InTaihuLakeandChaohuLake,algaebloomsoccurredeveryyear,whileLongganLakewasamacrophyte-dominatedlake.Resultsshowedthatexchangeablephosphorusfractionsweremuchhigherintheeutrophiclakesedimentsthaninthemacrophyte-flourishinglakesediment.Also,theratioofFe:Pinthesedimentsofthealgae-predominantlakeswasgenerallymuchlowerthanthatinthemacrophyte-predominantlakes.Thus,thegeochemicalfractionsofphosphorusinsedimentshadacloserrelationshipwiththetypeofaquaticvegetation.

简介：冲绳马槽(OT)是在在菲律宾的海板的subduction的影响下面的一个起始的传播阶段的背弧盆。在这研究，我们在OT分析了玄武岩的玻璃的geochemical作文并且在暗岩讨论了不同magmatic来源，进化，和subducted部件的效果。我们的结果证明OT的中间、南部的区域展出与一个充满铁的tholeiite系列一致的特征。当包括Nb在高地力量元素(HFSE)弄空时，踪迹元素比例遵循背弧盆暗岩，在包括Rb的大离子亲石元素元素(LILE)的富人，Ba，Pb，U，和Th的典型蜘蛛图模式特征，Ta，Zr，Hf，并且Ti。稀土元素元素(REE)的分发与由正确倾斜的轻稀土元素元素(LREE)的丰富也一致。充实的披风类型的增加我(EMI)材料以及披风异质可能在不同区域导致了丰富的可变的度。当斜长石的开发部分被限制时，中间的马槽的岩浆来源向辉石经历了结晶化，并且尖晶石和橄榄石的结晶化完全停止。同时，南部的OT岩浆来源的结晶化被橄榄石并且包括斜长石，辉石，和磁铁矿的形成统治(或titanomagnetite)。最后，这研究的结果证明在中间的暗岩的90%Th，在南部的暗岩的95%Ba，50%-70%Th和70%-90%Ba从subducted部件发源。不同subducted部件影响可以由于不同subduction地区是结构的特征。

简介：ThereoccurabundantchertsintheMesozoicandCenozoicstratainsouthernTibet.Someofthempossesscharacteristichydrothermalstructuressuchaslayered,laminated,massiveandbrecciastructures.RatiosofAl/(Al+Fe+Mn),Co/Ni,Fe/TiandTiO2-Al2O3demonstratethattheiroriginisrelatedtohydrothermalsedimentation.ThechertformationshavecloserelationshipwithSb,Auandpoly-metallicmineralization,andtheore-formingfluidshowstrongcorrelationwithfossilhydrothermalwater.

简介：Thesuper-largePb-ZndepositatFankouisverycomplexinmetallogenicmechanism.Syngeneticbrinesedimentation,hotsubmarinespringeruption-accumulation,syngeneticsedimentation-vadosebrinereplacementhadbeensupposedasthegeneticmodelsbefore.Underthesemodels,syngeneticmineralizationshouldbedominantinoreformation.However,aseriesofgeologicalandgeochemicalpropertiesinvestigatedbyauthorsofthispaperarecontrarytothesemodels.Therefore,theauthorsheresuggestthatthisdepositisatypicalpolygeneticcompoundoredepositwhichsharethepropertiesofmultistagesofgeotectonicevolution,multifactorsofmineralizationcontrol,multisystemofmaterialderivationofmineralization,multimodesofmineralizationandmultitypesofgenesis.

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简介：Thereisadearthofinformationaboutthedistributionoftraceelementsinkerogenfromshalerocksdespiteseveralreportsontraceelementcompositioninmanyshalesamples.Inthisstudy,traceelementsinshalerocksandtheirresidualkerogensweredeterminedbyinductivelycoupledplasma–massspectrometry.Theresultsfromthisstudyshowredox-sensitiveelementsrelativelyconcentratedinthekerogensascomparedtotheshales.Thismaybeprimarilyduetotheadsorptionandcomplexationabilityofkerogen,whichenablesenrichmentinNi,Co,Cu,andZn.Fortherareearthelements(REEs),distinctdistributioncharacteristicswereobservedforshalesdominatedbyterrigenousmineralsandtheirkerogencounterparts.However,shaleswithlessinputofterrigenousmineralsshowedsimilarREEdistributionpatternstotheirresidualkerogen.ItisspeculatedthatthedistributionpatternsoftheREEsinshalesandkerogensmaybesourcerelated.

简介：从在尼日利亚的南部的Benue马槽的三岩石层位学的继任的沙岩的Geochemical研究为沙岩的geochemical描述被承担，并且估计他们的stratigraphic和来源进化。主修，痕量元素数据从露头沙岩样品被获得。SiO2/Al2O3,Fe2O3/K2O比率和CaO内容被用来描绘白垩纪沙岩进Al富有、高、低的Fe2O3/K2O比率沙岩。结果显示有geochemical特征，从Asu河组，越过继任显示stratigraphic趋势Eze-Aku组到可以从不同来源地面暗示不连续的进化的proto尼日尔三角洲继任前寒武纪并且供应了沉积的中生代年龄。Asu河组沙岩有更低的SiO2,艾尔2O3,Fe2O3和更高的MgO；当proto尼日尔三角洲沙岩有更高的SiO2,艾尔22,CaO，碱和更低的MgO>O3,Fe2O3和更低的碱和CaO。这些断绝意味着在白垩纪时间期间影响了南部的Benue马槽的构造推动的影响。在TiO2/Al2O3,Fe2O3,Cr和Zr建议一逐渐地对有时间的depositional盆的mafic贡献。有时间的改变增加的化学索引，可能建议在内地的更强烈的捱过政体与时间发展了。

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