简介：在这个工作，在dodecyl-benzenesulfonic酸和钠碳酸盐之间的使成粒状高在实验室规模被调查砍混合器。包括主要碳酸盐尺寸，文件夹内容，impeller速度，和操作温度，明确的表达参数和过程变量的效果被相关到产品小粒的性质。实验的设计和变化的分析被联合分析试验性的数据，并且结果证明有更少好粒子的更大的小粒尺寸能被采用更高的文件夹内容和更大的钠碳酸盐尺寸获得。impeller的shear力量能广泛地打破oversized小粒。文件夹内容在与二种钠碳酸盐形成的小粒的flowability上施加了形成对照的效果，因为在固体的液体浸透的差别可能。同轴的尺寸分析决定的溶解率证明高文件夹内容对溶解性能，和在亨特之间的关系有益颜色和测试参数被评估。这个工作的结果能在粉末为过程控制和优化被用作可靠指导净化的生产。

简介：Rawcornstarchgranuleswerehydrolysizedbyglucoamylaseinachemostat.Thehydro-lysisofthreedifferent-sizedgranulesshowsthatsmallergranulesundergomorehydrolyzationthanlargerones.After78h,97%ofthegranuleswashydrolysizedwithdiameterbetween0.15mmand0.3mmat50℃.Whencornstarchconcentrationincreasedfrom100g/Lto250g/L,theamountofreducingsugarproducedwasproportionaltotheinitialsubstrateconcentrationandnosubstrateinhibitionphenomenonappeared.Inordertostudytheproductinhibitionexactly,theproductfromhydrolysisreactionitselfwasaddedintothehydrolysissystematthebeginningofstarchhydrolysis.Productinhibitionwithdifferentquantitiesofproductaddedwerestudiedintheinitialseveralhours,duringwhichperiodenzymeinactivationcouldbeneglectedandproductinhibitioncouldbestudiedseparately.Theexperimentsindicatethatproductinhibitionhappenswhentheadditionalquantityexceeds9.56g/L.

简介：Analternativemethodisproposedinthisletterfordescribingthearbitraryshapeandsizeforgranulesin2Dimage.Afterimagebinarization,theedgepointsoncontouraredetected,bywhichthecentroidoftheshapeinquestionissoughtusingthemomentcalculation.UsingPrincipalComponentAnalysis(PCA),themajorandminordiametersarecomputed.Basedonthesignaturecurve-fitting,thefirst-orderderivativeistakensoastoseekallthecharacteristicvertices.Byconnectingtheverticesfound,thesimplifiedpolygonisformedandutilizedforshapeandsizedescriptivepurposes.Thedevelopedalgorithmisrunontwogivenrealparticleimages,andtheexecutionresultsindicatethatthecomputedparameterscantechnicallywelldescribetheshapeandsizefortheoriginalparticles,beingabletoprovideaready-to-usedatabaseformachinevisionsystemtoperformrelateddataprocessingtasks.

简介：Amolecularmodelofpancreaticzymogengranule（ZG）iscriticalforunderstandingitsfunctions.WehaveextensivelycharacterizedthecompositionandmembranetopologyofratZGproteins.Inthisstudy,wereportthedevelopmentoftargetedproteomicsapproachestoquantifyrepresentativemouseandhumanZGproteinsusingLC-SRMandheavyisotope-labeledsyntheticpeptides.TheabsolutequantitiesofmouseRab3DandVAMP8weredeterminedas1242±218and2039±151（mean±SEM）copiesperZG.ThesizedistributionandtheaverageddiameterofZGs750±23nm（mean±SEM）weredeterminedbyatomicforcemicroscopy.TheabsolutequantificationofRab3Dwasthenvalidatedusingsemi-quantitativeWesternblottingwithpurifiedGST-Rab3Dproteinsasaninternalstandard.Toextendourproteomicsanalysistohumanpancreas,ZGswerepurifiedusinghumanaciniobtainedfrompancreaticislettrans-plantationcenter.OnehundredandeightyhumanZGproteinswereidentifiedforthefirsttimeincludingboththemembraneandthecontentproteins.Furthermore,thecopynumberperZGofhumanRab3DandVAMP8weredeterminedtobe1182±45and485±15（mean±SEM）.ThecomprehensiveproteomicanalysesofmouseandhumanpancreaticZGshavethepotentialtoidentifyspecies-specificZGproteins.ThedeterminationofproteincopynumbersonpancreaticZGsrepresentsasignificantadvancetowardsbuildingaquantitativemolecularmodelofaprototypicalsecretoryvesicleusingtargetedproteomicsapproaches.TheidentificationofhumanZGproteinslaysafoundationforsubsequentstudiesofalteredZGcompositionsandsecretioninpancreaticdiseases.

简介：AbstractImportance:Recurrent respiratory tract infection (RRTI) is common in children. Inappropriate RRTI treatment will lead to asthma and other diseases, thereby seriously affecting the growth and physical health of children. Immune function modulation can prevent and alleviate childhood RRTI. Yupingfeng (YPF), a patented traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has immunomodulatory effects and is widely used in China to treat children with RRTI.Objective:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of YPF monotherapy in treating children with RRTI.Methods:This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-simulation, noninferiority clinical trial was conducted from January 2015 to August 2017, with an 8-week treatment period and 52-week follow-up after the drug withdrawal. Children aged 2–6 years with RRTI meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in 13 hospitals in China and divided randomly into three groups (2:2:1 ratio) to receive YPF, pidotimod, or placebo. The primary outcome was the proportion of RRTI returning to normal standard level during the follow-up. The secondary outcomes were reduction in the number of RRTI recurrences, effect on clinical symptoms (in accord with TCM practice), effect per symptom, and safety. The trial was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (www.chictr.org.cn) under the unique identifier ChiCTR-IPR-15006847.Results:Three hundred and fifty-one children were enrolled and randomly assigned to 3 groups; 124, 125, and 61 children in the YPF, pidotimod, and placebo groups, respectively, had completed the trial. During the follow-up, the proportion of RRTI returning to normal standard level was 73.13%, 67.15%, and 38.81% with YPF, pidotimod, and placebo, respectively (P < 0.0001). The proportion of cases who returned to normal standard level in the YPF group was 34.32% higher than that in the placebo group. The safety profile did not significantly differ among the groups.Interpretation:YPF granules were noninferior to the active control drug pidotimod oral solution for the treatment of RRTI in children, and were superior to placebo, with a high safety profile.

简介：Insulinsecretorygranules(ISGs),agroupofdistinguishingorganellesinpancreaticβcells,areresponsibleforthestorageandsecretionofinsulintomaintainbloodglucosehomeostasis.ThemolecularmechanismsofISGbiogenesis,maturation,transportation,andexocytosisarestilllargelyunknownbecausetheproteinsinvolvedinthesedistinctstepshavenotbeenfullyidentified.Subcellularfractionationbydensitygradientcentrifugationhasbeensuccessfullyemployedtoanalyzetheproteomesofnumerousorganelles.However,useofthismethodtoelucidatetheISGproteomeislimitedbyco-fractionatedcontaminantsbecause1SGsareverydynamicandhaveabundantexchangesorcontactswithotherorganelles,suchastheGolgiapparatus,lysosomes,andendosomes.Inthisstudy,wedevelopedanewstrategyforidentifyingISGproteinsbyproteincorrelationprofiling(PCP)-basedproteomics,whichincludedISGpurificationbyOptiPrepdensitygradientcentrifugation,label-freequantitativeproteome,andidentificationofISGproteinsbycorrelatingfractionationprofilesbetweencandidatesandknownISGmarkers.Usingthisapproach,wewereabletoidentify81ISGproteins.Amongthem,TM9SF3,anine-transmembraneprotein,wasconsideredahighconfidenceISGcandidateproteinhighlightedinthePCPnetwork.FurtherbiochemicalandimmunofluorescenceassaysindicatedthatTMgSF3localizedinISGs,suggestingthatitisapotentialnewISGmarker.

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