简介:InvivoHIVconcentrationcanbemeasuredasthetitleofinfectiousvirususinginvitroculture,orascopiesofviralgenomicRNAusingmoleculartedmiques.ViralRNAisgenerallyatleast10,000timesgreaterthantheconcentrationofinfectiousvirus,becausemostofthevirusparticlesinplasmaarenon-infectious(asaresultofdefectiveviralgenesneutralizingantibody,orneutralizingantibody).
简介:HIV免疫应答是如何产生的?机体暴露于病原后产生先天免疫应答和获得性免疫应答。先天免疫应答的特点是反应迅速、无特异性、不引起免疫记忆,但在获得性免疫起效前可限制破坏。获得性免疫应答是在机体接触抗原后的数天至数周,B淋巴细胞和T淋巴细胞表面特异性受体识别抗原后,发生克隆扩增和分化而产生的。一部分抗原特异性淋巴细胞分化成记忆细胞;其特点是再次接触相同抗原的刺激后能更迅速地引起免疫应答(与主动免疫接种相似)。所有HIV感染者在感染的某个阶段均可检测出HIV引起的获得性免疫应答,包括HIV相关的抗体、CD8+(溶细胞性)和CD4+(辅助性)T细胞。
简介:世界卫生组织估计2003年全球有63万儿童感染了HIV,大部分是在妊娠、分娩或母乳喂养期间经母婴垂直传播造成的。其中撒哈拉以南的非洲有50多万,亚洲有5万。如果以这种感染速率持续下去,未来10年全球估计将有500万~1000万儿童成为HIV感染者,其中90%以上在发展中国家。已有许多国家报告因HIV造成的婴幼儿及儿童死亡率大幅度上升。感染HIV的新生儿中约1/4会在1岁前死亡,2/3在2岁前死亡。大多数死亡发生在5岁以前。2003年估计有50万儿童死于AIDS相关疾病。此外,超过1400万儿童因AIDS失去父母一方或双亲。到2010年,预计会有多达2500万儿童因HIV/AIDS沦为孤儿。
简介:Objective:ToanalyzemoleculartrendsoftheHIVepidemicinShenzhen.Methods:SerumcollectedfromShenzhenAIDSpatientsbetween1992-1999wasanalyzedusingmoleculartechniques.DNAfragmentsoftheHIV-1EnvgenewereamplifiedbynestedPCRfromunculturedperipheralbloodmononuclearcells(PBMCs)fromtheseserumsamples.TheC2-C3regionoftheEnvgenewassequencedandanalyzed.Specifichigh-riskbehaviorswerealsoanalyzed.Results:WefoundthatthetransmissionofHIVinthecitywasmainlythroughsexualbehaviors(46.0%).TherewerefourHIV-1subtypes:B′,B,CandEwith6.31%,7.95%,3.09%and8.92%genedivergenceinsideeachsubtypeinShenzhen.Theseresultssuggestedthatepidemictimeswere6,8,3and9respectively.ThemainepidemicsubtypeswereEandBstrains.AIDSpatient''''''''santigenicvariationwasslightlyhigherthanthatofHIVinfectedindividuals.Conclusion:SurveillancedatareflecttrendsandtheepidemictimeofHIV,whichwillbeusefulforpolicymakerstoformulateeffectivestrategiesofHIV/AIDSpreventionandcontrolinShenzhen.
简介:THEHIVEPIDEMICINCHINAisaccelerating,withcurrentestimatestoppingonemillionseropositiveindividuals.1Accordingtothelimiteddata,themajorityoftransmissionhasbeenamonghigh-riskpopulations,includinginjectiondrugusers(IDUs),bloodproductdonors/recipients,andcommercialsexworkers.StudieshaveshownHIVseroprevalencerangingfrom5%inGuangzhousexworkersto54%inwomenwitha
简介:HIVisablood-bomevirustransmittedviasexualintercourseorpercutaneousexposuretoinfectedblood,orfromaninfectedmothertoherchildduringthebirthprocess.Followinginfection,thetimebeforeonsetofclinicaldiseasevariesfrommonthstoyears;thedurationisinfluencedbyage(therateofprogressionincreaseswithage)andHLAtype(A1,B8,DR3areassociatedwithrapidprogressionandB27withslowprogression),butnotbygenderorriskactivity.Althoughmostpatientsinitiallyhavenocharacteristicsymptoms,thereisusually(90%)agradualdeclineinimmunefunction.
简介:Abstract:TheP24antigentest,HIVRNAPCRtest,HIVisolation/cultureandfourth-generationHIVuniformAg/AbassayarebeingutilizedindiagnosingacuteHIVinfectionindifferentlabs.ManyfactorslimittheuseofscreeningforacuteHIVinhigh-riskpopulations,inblooddonorsandduringvoluntaryHIVtesting,including,cost,technique,sensitivityandspecificity.InthisreviewweexploreanewNAATmethodwhichinvolvesHIVRNART-PCRonpooledsamples.Thistechniqueisabletoscreenforacuteinfectionsinalargetestingvolumeandmayheusedasascreeningmethodinhigh-riskpopulationsandblooddonors.
简介:Herfirstthoughtwastocommitsuicide.ButthreeyearsafterXiaShuqingfoundoutshewasHIVpositive,shelaughsandaddsthat,thankstocompensationfromthelocalgovernment,herannualfamilyincomehasnowdoubled.