简介:胃癌是导致癌症患者死亡的主要疾病之一,而现有的治疗手段有限。当前免疫检测点抑制剂在肿瘤的治疗中取得了突破进展,相关研究迅速覆盖到胃癌。针对免疫检查点抗程序性死亡分子1(PD-1)/PD-1配体(PD-L1)抗体的临床研究正在广泛开展。本文对胃癌发生的免疫机制,PD-1/PD-L1表达,抗PD-1/PD-L1抗体早期临床研究及抗PD-1/PD-L1抗体预测疗效的生物标志物的研究进行文献复习。
简介:Basedontherangespaceproperty(RSP),theequivalentconditionsbetweennonnegativesolutionstothepartialsparseandthecorrespondingweightedl_1-normminimizationproblemarestudiedinthispaper.Differentfromotherconditionsbasedonthesparkproperty,themutualcoherence,thenullspaceproperty(NSP)andtherestrictedisometryproperty(RIP),theRSPbasedconditionsareeasiertobeverified.Moreover,theproposedconditionsguaranteenotonlythestrongequivalence,butalsotheequivalencebetweenthetwoproblems.First,accordingtothefoundationofthestrictcomplementaritytheoremoflinearprogramming,asufficientandnecessarycondition,satisfyingtheRSPofthesensingmatrixandthefullcolumnrankpropertyofthecorrespondingsub-matrix,ispresentedfortheuniquenonnegativesolutiontotheweightedl_1-normminimizationproblem.Then,basedonthiscondition,theequivalenceconditionsbetweenthetwoproblemsareproposed.Finally,thispapershowsthatthematrixwiththeRSPoforderkcanguaranteethestrongequivalenceofthetwoproblems.
简介:摘要免疫逃逸近期被认为是肿瘤进展的重要角色。程序性死亡配体-1(Programmeddeathligand-1,PD-L1)是近年发现的具有负性免疫调节作用的B7家族的成员,PD-L1与表达于T淋巴细胞表面的受体程序性死亡受体-1(Programmeddeath1,PD-1)结合后发挥抑制肿瘤免疫及促进肿瘤进展的作用.PD-L1被发现在多种肿瘤细胞中高表达并与预后负相关。抗PD-L1/PD-1抗体应用于肿瘤的治疗并带来显著效果。但只有部分患者治疗有效。因此,进一步了解PD-L1表达调控将有利于抗PD-L1/PD-1抗体治疗的改进。本文就PD-L1表达调控的研究进展进行总结概括。
简介:Withthevigorousexpansionofnonlinearadaptivefilteringwithreal-valuedkernelfunctions,itscounterpartcomplexkerneladaptivefilteringalgorithmswerealsosequentiallyproposedtosolvethecomplex-valuednonlinearproblemsarisinginalmostallreal-worldapplications.ThispaperfirstlypresentstwoschemesofthecomplexGaussiankernel-basedadaptivefilteringalgorithmstoillustratetheirrespectivecharacteristics.ThenthetheoreticalconvergencebehaviorofthecomplexGaussiankernelleastmeansquare(LMS)algorithmisstudiedbyusingthefixeddictionarystrategy.ThesimulationresultsdemonstratethatthetheoreticalcurvespredictedbythederivedanalyticalmodelsconsistentlycoincidewiththeMonteCarlosimulationresultsinbothtransientandsteady-statestagesfortwointroducedcomplexGaussiankernelLMSalgonthmsusingnon-circularcomplexdata.Theanalyticalmodelsareabletoberegardasatheoreticaltoolevaluatingabilityandallowtocomparewithmeansquareerror(MSE)performanceamongofcomplexkernelLMS(KLMS)methodsaccordingtothespecifiedkernelbandwidthandthelengthofdictionary.
简介:目的测试新型L5/S1前路钢板的生物力学稳定性。方法8具人尸腰骶椎为标本,分完整脊柱节段、单纯椎间植骨和椎间植骨加前路钢板内固定器3组,应用电子万能实验机分别进行生物力学测试;计算机收集数据,分析各方向的位移变化及角度变化。结果椎间植骨加前路钢板内固定器组的脊柱试件,压缩刚度(864.225±5.236)N/mm、弯曲刚度(94.825±2.025)N/mm、扭转刚度8.3N·mm/deg,均显著高于完整组和单纯椎间植骨组的试件,有统计学处理差异(P〈0.01)。结论L_5/S_1前路钢板内固定系统用于腰骶椎椎间融合术,能增强手术后的即刻稳定性,满足国人腰骶椎的生物力学要求。
简介:Blockadeofimmunecheckpointshasrecentlyemergedasanoveltherapeuticstrategyinvarioustumors.Inparticular,monoclonalantibodiestargetingprogrammedcelldeath1(PD-1)oritsligand(PD-L1)havebeenmoststudiedinlungcancer,andPD-1inhibitorsarenowestablishedagentsinthemanagementofnon-smallcelllungcancer(NSCLC).ThereportsonhighprofileclinicaltrialshaveshowntheassociationofPD-L1expressionbyimmunohistochemistry(IHC)withhigheroverallresponseratestothePD-1/PD-L1axisblockadesuggestingthatPD-L1expressionmayserveasapredictivemarker.Unfortunately,however,eachPD-1orPD-L1inhibitoriscoupledwithaspecificPD-L1antibody,IHCprotocolandscoringsystemforthebiomarkerassessment,makingthehead-to-headcomparisonofthestudiesdifficult.Similarly,multipleclinicalseriesthatcorrelatedPD-L1expressionwithclinicopathologicand/ormolecularvariablesand/orsurvivalhavereportedconflictingresults.Thediscrepancycouldbeexplainedbythedifferencesinethnicityand/orhistologictypesincludedinthestudies,butitappearstobeattributedinparttothedifferencesinPD-L1IHCmethods.Thus,orchestratedeffortstostandardizethePD-L1IHCarewarrantedtoestablishtheIHCasapredictiveand/orprognosticbiomarkerinNSCLC.
简介:目的探讨了内质网氧化物蛋白(ERO1L)在胃癌组织中的表达变化以及与患者预后的关系。方法选取2009年6月—2011年6月接受胃癌根治术的128例患者的胃癌组织作为研究对象,并选择相同患者的癌旁无病变组织作为对照。采用实施荧光定量PCR、Westernblot和免疫组织化学分析肿瘤组织和癌旁组织ERO1LmRNA和蛋白质表达水平。并分析ERO1L蛋白的表达水平与胃癌患者预后的关系。结果与癌旁组织比较,胃癌组织中ERO1LmRNA和蛋白质水平明显增加(P〈0.05)。ERO1L蛋白主要表达于细胞质中,经评定其中102例ERO1L表达呈阳性,26例表达呈阴性。ERO1L阳性组患者术后1、3和5年的累积生存率明显低于阴性组(P〈0.05)。结论ERO1L在胃癌组织中呈高表达状态,并与患者预后密切相关。
简介:Thepurposeofthispaperistointroduceasplitgeneralizedmixedequilibriumproblem(SGMEP)andconsidersomeiterativesequencestofindasolutionofthegeneralizedmixedequilibriumproblemsuchthatitsimageunderagivenboundedlinearoperatorisasolutionofanothergeneralizedmixedequilibriumproblem.Weobtainsomeweakandstrongconvergencetheorems.
简介:目的:观察翼状胬肉切除联合自体球结膜瓣移植术后,局部应用1g/L环孢霉素A对胬肉复发的抑制效果。方法:对原发性翼状胬肉患者58例58眼进行前瞻性研究。所有入选眼均采用翼状胬肉切除联合自体球结膜瓣移植术,根据术后是否应用1g/L环孢霉素A滴眼液分为试验组和对照组。术后追踪随访1a,观察患者的胬肉复发率。结果:术后试验组基础泪液分泌试验(SchirmerⅠtest,SⅠt)结果明显优于对照组(9.93±1.59vs8.47±1.53mm/5min);SⅠt结果也显示1g/L环孢霉素A使患眼术后的泪液分泌量较术前有所增加。术后1a试验组与对照组的胬肉复发率分别为10%和39%。对照组并发症的出现率要高于试验组,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.029)。结论:翼状胬肉切除术后局部应用1g/L环孢霉素A滴眼液能够安全有效地降低胬肉的复发率。
简介:Thequasilinearhyperbolicequationwithnonlineardampingisconsideredinthispaper,anewasymptoticprofileforthesolutiontotheequationisobtainedbysuitablychoosingtheinitialdataofthecorrespondingparabolicequation,theconvergenceratesofthenewprofilearebetterthanthatobtainedbyNishihara(1997,J.DifferentialEquations137,384-395)andH.-J.Zhao(2000,J.DifferentialEquations167,467-494).
简介:OFEX(最佳、充分明确)率控制器能提供不仅最佳的带宽分配而且充分明确的拥挤信号给来源。它行使连接明智的比例的公平和网络明智的max-min公平,它使控制器能从最拥挤的连接喂拥挤信号背,而不是使用喂拥挤信号回来的比例的公平沿着一条流动路径加了的networkwise。作为结果,OFEX控制器克服相对明确的控制器的缺点1)以他们送率和集中速度的来源偏导瓶颈得多的用户,2)不对改变连接带宽能适应并且3)能潜在地在拥挤之上招致大队列尺寸。在这份报纸,我们首先证明OFEX控制器能收敛到它在一个连接至少象一个几何系列一样快的平衡。然后,我们在一个单个瓶颈网络与时间延期分析系统稳定性并且证明OFEX控制器能在某些条件下面完成本地稳定性。而且,OFEX控制器的坚韧性分析显示出连接带宽的动力学怎么可以影响一个连接的收入。与OPNETmodeler,最后,我们评估OFEX控制器的表演并且验证它的有效性。
简介:Inthispaper,anexponentialinequalityforthemaximalpartialsumsofnegativelysuperadditive-dependent(NSD,inshort)randomvariablesisestablished.Byusingtheexponentialinequality,wepresentsomegeneralresultsonthecompleteconvergenceforarraysofrowwiseNSDrandomvariables,whichimproveorgeneralizethecorrespondingonesofWangetal.[28]andChenetal.[2].Inaddition,somesufficientconditionstoprovethecompleteconvergenceareprovided.Asanapplicationofthecompleteconvergencethatweestablished,wefurtherinvestigatethecompleteconsistencyandconvergencerateoftheestimatorinanonparametricregressionmodelbasedonNSDerrors.