简介：Colorectalcancer（CRC）isthethirdmostcommoncancerdiagnosedworldwideinhumanbeings.Surgery,chemotherapy,radiotherapyandtargetedtherapiesaretheconventionalfourapproacheswhicharecurrentlyusedforthetreatmentofCRC.Thesitespecificdeliveryofchemotherapeuticstotheirsiteofactionwouldincreaseeffectivenesswithreducingsideeffects.Targetedoraldrugdeliverysystemsbasedonpolysaccharidesarebeinginvestigatedtotargetanddeliverchemotherapeuticandchemopreventiveagentsdirectlytocolonandrectum.Site-specificdrugdeliverytocolonincreasesitsconcentrationatthetargetsite,andthusrequiresalowerdoseandhenceabridgedsideeffects.Somenoveltherapiesarealsobrieflydiscussedinarticlesuchasreceptor（epidermalgrowthfactorreceptor,folatereceptor,wheatgermagglutinin,VEGFreceptor,hyaluronicacidreceptor）basedtargetingtherapy;colontargetedproapoptoticanticancerdrugdeliverysystem,genetherapy.EventhoughgoodtreatmentoptionsareavailableforCRC,theultimatetherapeuticapproachistoaverttheincidenceofCRC.ItwasalsofoundthatCRCscouldbepreventedbydietandnutritionsuchascalcium,vitaminD,curcumin,quercetinandfishoilsupplements.ImmunotherapyandvaccinationareusednowadayswhichareshowingbetterresultsagainstCRC.

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简介：Thereareseveralchallengestoinnereardrugdeliveryandimagingduetotheexistenceoftightbiologicalbarrierstothetargetstructureandthedensebonesurroundingit.Advancesinimagingandnanomedicinemayprovideknowledgeforovercomingtheexistinglimitationstoboththediagnosisandtreatmentofinnereardiseases.Noveltechniqueshaveimprovedtheefficacyofdrugdeliveryandtargetingtotheinnerear,aswellasthequalityandaccuracyofimagingthisstructure.Inthisreview,wewilldescribethepathwaysandbiologicalbarriersoftheinnerearregardingdrugdelivery,thebeneficialapplicationsandlimitationsoftheimagingtechniquesavailableforinnerearresearch,thebehaviorofengineerednanomaterialsininnerearapplications,andfutureperspectivesfornanomedicine-basedinnerearimaging.

简介：这研究调查由在天津大学在一辆冰坦克进行一系列模型测试在北极水里遨游的一艘运输轮船的抵抗。实验室规模模型轮船用一个一个方向性的负担房间在一辆僵硬马车上被装然后以不同速度通过一张冰表拖引。我们在轮船的不同部分和冰大浮冰的运动观察了打破冰的过程并且在不同速度下面测量了电阻决定在打破冰的过程和冰抵抗之间的关系。在肩膀区域的弯曲失败被发现引起最大的抵抗。而且，我们为估计冰抵抗介绍了Lindqvist(1989)的分析方法然后从我们的模型测试把这些计算结果与那些作比较。结果显示计算全部的电阻比那些高我们在模型测试决定了。

简介：题目：一种多振子超声电机的设计目的：对超声电机而言，当多个压电振子并联时，由于以同一设计方案制作的电机振子往往具有不同的动态特性，因此会使得多振子电机的效率有所下降。即多振子电机工作的关键是如何使多个振子协同一致地驱动转子。为提高集成型多振子电机的效率和简化电机结构，提出一种构造贴片式多振子旋转超声电机的方法。创新点：1．提出圆周面内驱动的概念，发展已有的面内驱动概念（x-y面）；2．提出一种模态转换方法，通过多个振子弯曲振动的叠加形成设计电机的扭转振动；3．电机工作时，不仅各个振子处于共振状态，而且连接而成的定子同样处于共振状态，有利于提高电机的效率；4．验证多振子同步驱动的机理。方法：1．振子采用贴片式结构，由极化方向沿厚度方向的压电陶瓷和金属基体粘结而成；与使用兰杰文振子相比，使用贴片式振子易于简化电机的结构。2．各个振子首尾相连形成电机的定子，既可用于构造直线电机，又可转换成旋转电机。3．通过有限元方法对不同振子数构成的电机定子进行性能比较，并且分析设计电机的驱动机理；此外，通过仿真分析确定电机的最优尺寸。4．根据设计结果，加工原理样机，并且对加工的样机进行实验研究，探讨设计方法的可行性。结论：1．根据仿真分析结果，最终加工的电机定子包含5个振子。2．定子中各个振子的振动特性完全相同，振子同步工作。3．样机定子的内径为28mm，外径为35mm，高为30min；测得定子的纵振和扭转频率分别为44．42kHz和43．83kHz；当激励电压的频率为43．9kHz、峰值为100V时，电机的空载转速为45r／min，堵转力矩为0．3N·m，最大效率约为30％。4．本文所设计的电机，是一种多振子并行驱动的整体式电机，具有结构紧凑和多�

简介：Background:Interpersonalcoordinationisanessentialaspectofdailylife,andcrucialtoperformanceincooperativeandcompetitiveteamsports.Whileempiricalresearchhasinvestigatedinterpersonalcoordinationusingawidevarietyofanalyticaltoolsandframeworks,todateveryfewstudieshaveemployedmultifractaltechniquestostudythenatureofinterpersonalcoordinationacrossmultiplespatiotemporalscales.Inthepresentstudyweaddressthisgap.Methods:Weinvestigatedthedynamicsofasimpledyadicinterpersonalcoordinationtaskwhereeachparticipantmanuallycontrolledavirtualobjectinrelationtothatofhisorherpartner.Wetestedwhethertheresultinghand-movementtimeseriesexhibitsmulti-scalepropertiesandwhetherthosepropertiesareassociatedwithsuccessfulperformance.Results:Usingtheformalismofmultifractals,weshowthattheperformanceonthecoordinationtaskisstronglymulti-scale,andthatthemulti-scalepropertiesappeartoarisefrominteraction-dominantdynamics.Further,wefindthatthemeasureofacross-scaleinteractions,multifractalspectrumwidth,predictssuccessfulperformanceatthelevelofthedyad.Conclusion:Theresultsarediscussedwithrespecttotheimplicationsofmultifractalsandinteraction-dominanceforunderstandingcontrolinaninterpersonalcontext.

简介：昆虫的居民人口的竞争排水量或减小，经常由相关的种完成了，可以被许多机制引起。Satyrization是交配一种的男性与另一种的女性一起在交配的干扰的一种形式，显著地减少他们的健康和不产生的混血儿。Satyrization被建立了是由侵略种类的居民蚊子的竞争排水量的可能的原因，特别由豹脚蚊albopictus，登革热的二重要向量和chikungunya病毒的豹脚蚊aegypti。数学模型预言甚至不对称的交配干扰的底层能够生产竞争排水量或减小。处女Ae的Couplings。有Ae的aegypti女性。albopictus男性有效地通过种间的交配不影响的男附件腺产品，而是converse的monogamizing行动对这些女性消毒Ae的未来繁殖。albopictus女性。Ae的人口。快速暴露于satyrization的aegypti发展抵抗到种间的交配，它被相信改善繁殖从的干扰，并且支持共存与，Ae。albopictus。在Ae之中的satyrization抵抗的进化。在实验室笼子的aegypti被健康费用伴随，例如到同种的男性的减少的肥沃和更慢的感受性。笼子实验和地观察显示那Ae。albopictus男性能够琉球斑蚊亚属的另外的种类的satyrizing女性，潜在地导致竞争排水量，和可能的扑灭，特别岛上的地方性的种类。在昆虫的繁殖干扰的另外的例子的检查由Ae揭示很少平行到satyrization的机制和结果。albopictus。我们由提出satyrization可以赞成的假设结束Ae的生态的成功。albopictus，并且为关于这现象的未来研究建议许多线。

简介：The304stainlesssteelstripsweredepositedonelayeroncarbonsteelbasemetalbyelectroslagstripcladding(ESC)andsubmergedarccladding(SAC),respectively.ThesolidificationmicrostructureofESCmetalwasanalyzedbytheopticalmicroscopy,scanningelectronmicroscopeandenergydispersivespectroscopy.Thecorrosionresistancestudiesofstripcladdingmetalswerecarriedoutin10%oxalicacidelectrolyticetchingtest.TheresultsshowedthatthecladdingmetalobtainedbyESCpresentedlowcontentofC,highcontentofCrandenoughalloyingelementofNiinthechemicalcomposition.ThetransitionzoneofESCwithsmallwidthwasalmostparallelwiththebasemetal,leadingtoalowerdilution.Therearethreetypesofsolidificationmodes(A→AF→FA)occurredintheESCmetalduetothedecreaseofcoolingrateanddegreeofdilutionfromthetransitionzonetothetopofESCmetal.Asaresult,themicrostructureofESCmetalexhibitedmainlyaustenitewithasmallamountofferrite,contributingtoachievementofbettercorrosionresistance.

简介：Naturalproducts(NPs)arecompoundsthatarederivedfromnaturalsourcessuchasplants,animals,andmicroisms.Therapeuticshasbenefitedfromnumerousdrugclassesderivedfromnaturalproductsources.TheBiopharmaceuticsDrugpositionClassificationSystem(BDDCS)wasproposedtoserveasabasisforpredictingtheimportanceoftransportersandenzymesindeterminingdrugbioavailabilityanddisposition.Itcategorizesdrugsintooneoffourbiopharmaceuticalclassesaccordingtotheirwatersolubilityandextentofmetabolism.Thepresentpaperreviews109drugsfromnaturalproductsources:29%belongtoclass1(highsolubility,extensivemetabolism),22%toclass2(lowsolubility,extensivemetabolism),40%toclass3(highsolubility,poormetabolism),and9%toclass4(lowsolubility,poormetabolism).HereinweevaluatedthecharacteristicsofNPsintermsofBDDCSclassforall109drugsaswellsasforsubsetsofNPsdrugsderivedfromplantsourcesasantibiotics.Inthe109NPsdrugs,wepiled32drugsfromplants,50%(16)oftotalinclass1,22%(7)inclass2and28%(9)inclass3,nonefoundinclass4;Meantime,theantibioticswerefound5(16%)inclass2,22(71%)inclass3,and4(13%)inclass4;nodrugwasfoundinclass1.Basedonthisclassification,weanticipateBDDCStoserveasausefuladjunctinevaluatingthepotentialcharacteristicsofnewnaturalproducts.

简介：Theeffectivethermalconductivityofcompositeswithellipsoidalfillersisanalyzedbyusingahomogenizationmethodthatisabletorepresentthemicrostructureprecisely.Inthisstudy,variousparameterssuchasthevolumefraction,shape,anddistributionofthefillerarequantitativelyestimatedtounderstandthemechanismsofheattransferinthecomposite.First,thermalboundaryresistancebetweenresinandfillerisimportantforobtainingcompositeswithhigherthermalconductivity.Second,theanisotropyoftheeffectivethermalconductivityarisesfromcontactbetweenfillerinthecaseofellipsoidalfillerandproduceslowerthermalresistance.Finally,thefillernetworkandthermalresistanceareessentialfortheheattransferincompositesbecausethepathofthermalconductionisimprovedbycontactbetweenneighboringfillerparticles.

简介：由异国情调的植物的成功的侵略经常从防卫被归因于共同演变的专家的损失和资源的重新分配到生长和复制。然而，因为他们被通晓各方面知识经验丰富的人经常在他们的介绍范围攻击，侵略植物完全很少被免除昆虫herbivory。新奇通晓各方面知识经验丰富的人社区可以也影响侵略植物防御策略和资源分配。这里，我们用美国一种商陆(Phytolacca有关美国的文献L.)测试了这个假设，种那在中国变得侵略，它对北美洲本国。当植物在中国暴露于自然通晓各方面知识经验丰富的人草食动物时，我们从中国和USA检验了植物人口的抵抗，忍耐，生长和复制。我们发现那叶损坏比为本国的人口为侵略人口是更大的，显示从侵略范围的植物有到从本国的范围的比那些的herbivory的更低的抵抗。尽管射击，根，水果和全部的质量比为本国的人口为侵略人口是更大的，靠着质量的叶损坏的百分比的回归证明在在侵略、本国的人口之间的忍耐没有重要差别。这些结果建议通晓各方面知识经验丰富的人草食动物是调停的重要司机侵略美国一种商陆的防御策略和资源分配。

简介：BycarbothermalreductionofMgOwithblackcarbonasreductionagentatahightemperature,MgOwasdepositedonthesurfaceofMgO-CaOclinker(ascoating)toimprovetheclinker'shydrationresistance.Inthepaper,effectofdepositiontemperatureandholdingtimeonthehydrationresistanceofthetreatedMgO-CaO,thedepositionmechanismandMgOcoatingkineticswereinvestigatedwithhydrationresistancetest,X-raydiffractometry(XRD)andscanningelectronicmicroscope(SEM).ResultsshowedMgOcoatinggrewina2DmodeonthesurfaceofMgO-CaOparticles;theMgOcoatingimprovedthehydrationresistanceofthecoatedMgO-CaOclinker,andthecoatedclinkerwouldbecomestrongerwhencoatedathigherdepositiontemperatureandlongerholdingtime.ThemeasurementsalsofoundthatMgOdepositionprocessvariedwiththedepositiontemperature:itwasmainlyachemical-controlledprocessattemperaturesbetween1400-1500℃,withanapparentactivationenergy(AAE)of97.8kJ·mol~(-1);itwouldchangeintoadiffusion-controlledprocesswhenthetemperaturerisingto1500-1600℃,withapparentactivationenergyof19.2kJ·mol~(-1).

简介：三桶、四桶近海有转移力量的结构的一种新形式的风力量基础在这被建议纸，和foundation-soil-transition结构的综合有限元素模型被使用ABAQUS建立。建议基础的带的能力在垂直负担，水平负担和弯曲时刻下面被学习。多斗式的基础的垂直适用能力能被垂直适用能力粗略地估计，这能被看见单个桶；三桶的基础计划的水平适用能力被排水量控制，当四桶的基础计划的被土壤的内部力量控制时。而且，带的能力被形成由的全面结构提供在土壤前多斗式失败。与常规单个桶的基础相比，主要有紧张和压力，被用于多斗式的基础，以便基础的带的能力能充分被利用。土壤失败的概率能很好与建议多斗式的基础被减少，并且转移力量的结构的压力传播通过有可变剖面图的钢横梁是更一致的。

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简介：Outof1989wildaccessionssowninseedboxesforscreening,only1003wildaccessionswithgoodgerminationwerescreenedagainstbrownplanthopper(BPH),Nilaparvatalugens(St?l)undergreenhouseconditions.Thecollectioncomprisedofaccessionsfrom11wildspeciesandAfricancultivatedrice.ThegermplasmwasscreenedforBPHfollowingstandardseedboxscreeningtechniqueinthegreenhouse.Asmanyas159accessionswereidentifiedasresistantduringtheyear2012basedononeyearscreening.AselectedsetofBPHresistantaccessionswerescreenedagainduring2013.Basedonthetwoyearsscreening,sevenaccessionsofO.nivara(AA),oneaccessionofO.officinalis(CC),sevenaccessionsofO.australiensis(EE),fiveaccessionsofO.punctata(BBandBBCC)andnineaccessionsofO.latifolia(CCDD)wereconfirmedtoberesistanttoBPH.SofarnoBPHresistancegeneshavebeenidentifiedanddesignatedfromO.nivaraandO.punctata,hencethesemayactasnewsourcesofresistance.

简介：Theresistancespotweldingof6063-716aluminumalloyandl6Mnsteelwasstudiedbynuggetalloying.TheresultsindicatedthattheAl-steeljointhadcharacteristicsofwelding-brazing.Thenuggetzoneconsistedmainlyofα-AlsolidsolutionwithdislocationsandfineMg_2Siparticles.Theinterfacezonehadadouble-layerstructure:Fe_2Al_5layeratsteelsideandFe_4Al_(13)layeratAlnuggetside.Thenuggetalloyinghasasignificanteffectonthejointpropertiesbychangingphasecompositionandrefinementofgrains.WhenalloyelementsCu,Zn,TiandNiwereadded,thetensileshearloadofAl-steeljointsreached2780N,2910N,2915Nand2929Nrespectively,whichincreasedby24.1%,29.9%,30.1%and30.7%respectivelycomparedwiththat(2241N)ofjointwithoutnuggetalloying.Therefore,itisaneffectivewayforimprovingmechanicalpropertiesofresistancespotweldedAl-steeljoints.

简介：Thispaperfocusesontheflowcharacteristicandlocalresistanceofnon-Newtonianpowerlawfluidinacurved90°bendpipewithcircularcross-sections,whicharewidelyusedinindustrialapplications.Byemployingnumericalsimulationandtheoreticalanalysisthepropertiesoftheflowandlocalresistanceofpowerlawfluidunderdifferentworkingconditionsareobtained.ToexplorethechangeruletheexperimentiscarriedoutbychangingtheReynoldsnumber,thewallroughnessanddifferentdiameterratioofelbowpipe.ThevariationofthelocalresistancecoefficientwiththeReynoldsnumber,thediameterratioandthewallroughnessispresentedcomprehensivelyinthepaper.TheresultsshowthatthelocalresistanceforcecoefficienthardlychangeswithReynoldsnumberofthepowerlawfluid;thewallroughnesshasasignificantimpactonthelocalresistancecoefficient.Asthepipewallroughnessincreasing,thecoefficientoflocalresistanceforcewillincrease.Themainreasonoftheinfluenceoftheroughnessonthelocalresistancecoefficientistheincreaseoftheeddycurrentregioninthepowerlawfluidflow,whichincreasesthekineticenergydissipationofthemainflow.Thispaperprovidestheoreticalandnumericalmethodstounderstandthelocalresistancepropertyofnon-Newtonianpowerlawfluidinelbowpipes.

简介：Calciumhexaluminateisonefromsuchperspectivematerials.Itischaracterizedbyhighrefractoriness(above1830℃),aswellaspropertiesstabilityinreducingatmosphere,highalkali-andslag-resistance,lowthermalconductivityandwettabilitybymoltenmetals.Inthisworkinfluenceresearchesoffusedcalciumhexaluminatematerialadditiveinamountof5%,15%and25%onthemainpropertiesofaluminarefractorieswerecarriedout.Itisestablishedthat,therefractoriescontainingtheadditiveof25%calciumhexaluminatematerialarecharacterizedbythehighestproperties,slightlyimpregnatedwithmetalmeltandthehighestmetalcorrosionresistance.ThealuminapurgingplugsforblowingofmetalwithcalciumhexaluminatematerialadditiveareproducedandintendedtoonemetallurgicalplantofUkraineforcarryingouttests.

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简介：由介绍Cu，AlCoCrFeNiCux(在臼齿的比率的x价值，x?=?0，0.1，0.5，1.0，1.5，2.0，和2.5)合金被设计并且准备。AlCoCrFeNi合金的微观结构和性质上的Cu的效果被调查。当Cu内容是低的时，Cu的介绍导致Cu富有的FCC稳固的答案阶段的形成。有二个FCC稳固的答案阶段，即，Cu富有的FCC稳固的答案阶段和阶段导致转变的FCC稳固的答案阶段，当Cu内容是超过1.0时。收益压力和合金的塑料紧张看一个转弯的点Cu内容什么时候是0.5。在七合金之中，Cu0.5合金展出1187的最大的收益压力?MPa和16.01的最低塑料紧张?%。