简介:Drylandsareamongthoseregionsmostsensitivetoclimateandenvironmentalchangesandhuman-inducedperturbations.Themostwidelyaccepteddefinitionofthetermdrylandisaratio,calledtheSurfaceWetnessIndex(SWI),ofannualprecipitationtopotentialevapotranspiration(PET)beingbelow0.65.PETiscommonlyestimatedusingtheThornthwaite(PETTh)andPenman–Monteithequations(PETPM).ThepresentstudycomparedspatiotemporalcharacteristicsofglobaldrylandsbasedontheSWIwithPETThandPETPM.ResultsshowedvastdifferencesbetweenPETThandPETPM;however,theSWIderivedfromthetwokindsofPETshowedbroadlysimilarcharacteristicsintheinterdecadalvariabilityofglobalandcontinentaldrylands,exceptinNorthAmerica,withhighcorrelationcoefficientsrangingfrom0.58to0.89.Itwasfoundthat,during1901–2014,globalhyper-aridandsemi-aridregionsexpanded,aridanddrysub-humidregionscontracted,anddrylandsunderwentinterdecadalfluctuation.Thiswasbecauseprecipitationvariationsmademajorcontributions,whereasPETchangescontributedtoamuchlesserdegree.However,distinctdifferencesintheinterdecadalvariabilityofsemi-aridanddrysub-humidregionswerefound.ThisindicatedthattheinfluenceofPETchangeswascomparabletothatofprecipitationvariationsintheglobaldry–wettransitionzone.Additionally,thecontributionofPETchangestothevariationsinglobalandcontinentaldrylandsgraduallyenhancedwithglobalwarming,andtheThornthwaitemethodwasfoundtobeincreasinglylessapplicableunderclimatechange.
简介:利用1961-2000年赣州站、南昌站的年太阳总辐射与相关气象要素资料,结合Penman公式,运用6种计算净长波辐射的方法估算了两站的年太阳总辐射;建立了估算该地区年太阳总辐射的绝对误差权重法(MethodofAbsoluteErrors,MAE),并给出了适用于江西省的绝对误差权重系数,以此方法计算了江西省其他76站的年太阳总辐射;并分析了该地区年太阳总辐射的时空分布特征及其变化趋势,发现:(1)1961~2000年间,江西省大部分地区太阳总辐射在3800-4400MJ·m-2·a-1;南部偏东地区较大,且存在有一大值中心;西部地区为江西省太阳总辐射最小的地区;(2)40年间,江西省年太阳总辐射呈明显下降趋势,每10年减少143.70MJ·m-2。78站中,有63站的太阳总辐射的下降趋势通过了a=0.05的显著性检验,8站表现为上升趋势;江西省北部及南部地区太阳总辐射下降较大;中部地区下降相对较小,且在鄱阳湖东侧有一低值中心。