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简介：BasedondifferentequationofCobb-Douglasproductionfunction,themodelofregulatingregionaleconomyonthemultiobjectiveoptimizationofefficiencyandequityissetup,withthespatialdistributionstrategyofcapitalandlabourforceasthecontrollingvariable.Twobasicconclusionsdrawnfromthemodelarestrictlydemonstrated:①Acountry＇seconomicdevelopmentisdecidedbytheconsistencybetweentheregionaldistributivestrategyofincrementinvestmentandtheregionaldifferenceinmarginalinvestmentrevenue.②Thecoupletargetsofefficiencyandequityarestrictlyinconflictwitheachother,ifandonlyifthemarginalinvestmentrevenueinthedevelopedregionsishigherthanintheundeveloped,otherwisethetargetsareconsistent.

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简介：Haircellsinthemammalianinnerearareveryfragileandareofteninjuredasaresultofacoustictraumaorexposuretoototoxicdrugs(cisplatin,aminoglycosides,etc)[1].Inamphibiansandbirds,spontaneous

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简介：ValuationofecosystemserviceshasbeensoughtaseffectivetoolsthatenablethedecisionmakersindesigningthecosteffectiveresponsepoliciesformanagementofecosystemstowardsalleviatingthepovertyespeciallyineconomicallypoorregionslikeSouthAsia.Variousdirectionsandlinkagesbetweenpovertyanddegradationofecosystemandreducedflowofecosystemservicescanbetterbeunderstoodiftheregulatingserviceslikehydrologicalflowandcarbonsequestrationbyforest,andnutrientcyclingandbioremediationbywetlandscanbecapturedinmonetaryunit.SouthAsiancountriesincludingIndia,Nepal,PakistanandBangladesharethehotspotsofpovertywherepoordependuponvariousecosystemservicesfortheirlivelihoodsandallocationofresourceforconservationofecosystemswouldhaveadditionalmeritifregulatingservicesarecapturedandinternalizedintothepublicpolicy.Thepaperfirstraisesproblematicissuesinvaluationofregulatingecosystemservices,andattemptstolinkitwiththedependenceofpoor.Second,complexitiesofpoverty-ecosystemdynamicsarediscussed.Thirdly,thepossibleinterventiontoachievepovertyalleviationgoalisanalyzedwiththehelpofsomeexamplesfromaccountingandvalua-tionofregulatingservicesofIndianforest.Finally,thepapersuggeststhatgreaterattentionisneededtodocredibleandbettervaluationofregulatingservicessothatinsightsfromthesecanbeusedinunderstandingtheimpactofdegradationofecosystemsonpoorpeople.

简介：ThecompleteopenreadingframeofOsPIN1awasamplifiedthroughreversetranscriptase-polymerasechainreaction(RT-PCR)basedonthesequencedepositedinGenBanktoexploretherelationshipbetweentheauxineffluxproteinOsPIN1aandthenegativephototropismofriceroots.SequencingresultsshowedthattheGCcontentofOsPIN1awas65.49%.ThefusionexpressionvectorpCAMBIA-1301-OsPIN1a::GFPcontainingtheOsPIN1ageneandacodinggreenfluorescentprotein(gfp)genewasconstructed.ThefusionvectorwastransferredintoonionepidermalcellsbyAgrobacteriumtumefacienstransformation.ThetransientexpressionofOsPIN1a-GFPwasmainlylocatedinthenucleusandcellmembrane.Moreover,thetransgenicplantswereobtainedbyAgrobacterium-mediatedgenetictransformation.MoleculardetectionperformedbyusingPCRandβ-glucuronidasestainingshowedthatthetargetconstructwasintegratedintothegenomeofrice.Thenegativephototropiccurvaturesofthetransgenicricerootswerehigherthanthoseofthewildtype.Similarly,theexpressionlevelsofOsPIN1ainthetransgenicplantswereconsiderablyhigherthanthoseinthewild-typeplants.TheseresultssuggestthatOsPIN1aiscrucialinthenegativephototropiccurvatureofriceroots.

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简介：N^6-methyladenosine(m^6A)isanessentialRNAmodificationthatregulateskeycellularprocesses,includingstemcellrenewal,cellulardifferentiation,andresponsetoDNAdamage.Unsurprisingly,aberrantm6Amethylationhasbeenimplicatedinthedevelopmentandmaintenanceofdiversehumancancers.Alteredm6AlevelsaffectRNAprocessing,mRNAdegradation,andtranslationofmRNAsintoproteins,therebydisruptinggeneexpressionregulationandpromotingtumorigenesis.Recentstudieshavereportedthattheabnormalexpressionofm6Aregulatoryenzymesaffectsm6Aabundanceandconsequentlydysregulatestheexpressionoftumorsuppressorgenesandoncogenes,includingMYC,SOCS2,ADAM19,andPTEN.Inthisreview,wediscussthespecificrolesofm6A“writers",“erasers”,and“readers”innormalphysiologyandhowtheiralteredexpressionpromotestumorigenesis.Wealsodescribethepotentialofexploitingtheaberrantexpressionoftheseenzymesforcancerdiagnosis,prognosis,andthedevelopmentofnoveltherapies.

简介：在水质量变量上理解浮游植物和他们的依赖的模式，能帮助发育营养正常促进剂湖的管理。这研究的目的是决定在金尚·莱克，与cyanobacteria优势和microcystin生产联系的水质量和环境因素位于Taihu分水岭的headwater的一个副热带的湖，中国。在金尚·莱克从10个学习地点每月收集的水样品包括全部的氮(TN)为淡水水藻和物理化学的参数的种类分布被分析，氨(NH4+-N)，硝酸盐(NO3-N),总数磷(TP)，并且叶绿素一(Chl--一)从2008年6月到2009年5月。金尚·莱克被发现是发育营养正常促进剂，基于计算营养的州的索引(TSI)。4.33mg/L的平均TN在学习时期期间超过了中国的表面水质量标准。TP显著地与相对许多cyanobacteria和Microcystisbiovolume被相关，显示它在调整cyanobacteria的重要角色。Microcystis，淡水藻类的一种，和Oscillatoria是在从6月的金尚·莱克的主导的cyanobacteria到2008年11月。Cyanobacteria优势走水路被调整温度和TP。主要部件分析进一步显示那microcystin生产最走水路被影响温度，TP，和cyanobacteria生物资源。结果建议在夏天的TP的控制能在金尚·莱克减轻cyanobacteria优势和microcystin生产，并且靠近的监视应该在夏天被承担。

简介：Objective:Toinvestigatetheclinicaleffectsofelectroacupuncture(EA)atFenglong(ST40)onbloodlipids.Methods:TwohundredandfourpatientsofhyperlipidemiawererandomlydividedintoaFenglonggroupandaXuezhikanggroup,102casesineachgroup.ThepatientsintheFenglonggroupweretreatedwithelectroacupunctureatFenglong(ST40).Afterarrivalofqi,theneedleswereconnectedwithacupointnervestimulator(LH202Htype,HANS).TheprimaryparametersofEA:forhightriglycerides(TG)type,AM50Hz,intensity1mA,needle-retainedtime20min,twiceperweek;forhighcholesterol(CHO)type,AM100Hz,intensity1mA,needle-retainedtime30min,thriceperweek;forhighlow-density-lipoprotein(LDL-C)type,thesameparametersasthehighCHOtypeexceptthetolerableandcomfortableintensity;forthemixingtype,

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简介：AbstractBackground:Hyperthermia in combination with DnaJA4-knockout (KO) obviously affects the anti-viral immunity of HaCaT cells. The mechanisms of this process are not yet fully explored. However, it is known that DnaJA4 interacts with actin cytoskeleton after hyperthermia. Our aim was to investigate the effects of DnaJA4 on F-actin in HaCaT cells following hyperthermia.Methods:Wild-type (WT) and DnaJA4-KO HaCaT cells were isolated at either 37°C (unheated) or 44°C (hyperthermia) for 30 min followed by testing under conditions of 37°C and assessing at 6, 12, and 24 h after hyperthermia. The cytoskeleton was observed with immunofluorescence. Flow cytometry and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of F-actin and relevant pathway protein.Results:DnaJA4-KO and hyperthermia changed the cytoskeleton morphology of HaCaT cells. F-actin expression levels were elevated in DnaJA4-KO cells compared with WT cells (6364.33 ± 989.10 vs. 4272.67 ± 918.50, P < 0.05). In response to hyperthermia, F-actin expression levels of both WT and DnaJA4-KO cells showed a tendency to decrease followed by an obvious recovery after hyperthermia (WT cells: unheated vs. 6 h after hyperthermia or 24 h after hyperthermia: 0.34 ± 0.02 vs. 0.24 ± 0.01, 0.31 ± 0.01, P < 0.001, P < 0.05; DnaJA4-KO cells: unheated vs. 6 h after hyperthermia or 24 h after hyperthermia: 0.44 ± 0.01 vs. 0.30 ± 0.01, 0.51 ± 0.02, P < 0.001, P < 0.01). WT cells restored to baseline levels observed in the unheated condition, while DnaJA4-KO cells exceeded baseline levels in the recovery. As the upstream factors of F-actin, a similar profile in rho-associated serine/threonine kinase 1 (ROCK 1) and RhoA expressions was observed after hyperthermia. While E-cadherin expression was decreased in response to hyperthermia, it was increased in DnaJA4-KO cells compared with WT cells.Conclusions:Hyperthermia affects the expression levels of F-actin in HaCaT cells. DnaJA4 knockout increases the expression of F-actin in HaCaT cells after hyperthermia. DnaJA4 regulates the expressions of F-actin and the related pathway proteins in response to hyperthermia in HaCaT cells.

简介：摘要ObjectiveThe present study aimed to investigate the effects of rTMS on astrocytic polarization during cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury.MethodsThree rTMS protocols were applied to primary astrocytes under normal and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) conditions. Cell survival, proliferation, and phenotypic changes were assessed after 2-day treatment. Astrocytes culture medium (ACM) from control, OGD/R, and OGD/R + rTMS groups were mixed with neuronal medium to culture neurons for 48 h and 7 days, in order to explore the influence on neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity. In vivo, rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and received posterior orbital intravenous injection of ACM collected from different groups at reperfusion, and at 3 days post reperfusion. The apoptosis in the ischemic penumbra, infarct volumes, and the modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS) were evaluated at 1 week after reperfusion, and cognitive functions were evaluated using the Morris Water Maze (MWM) tests. Finally, the 10 Hz rTMS was directly applied to MCAO rats to verify the rTMS effects on astrocytic polarizationResultsAmong these three frequencies, the 10 Hz protocol exerted the greatest potential to modulate astrocytic polarization after OGD/R injury. Classically activated and A1 markers were significantly inhibited by rTMS treatment. In OGD/R model, the concentration of pro-inflammatory mediator TNF-α decreased from 57.7 to 23.0 pg/mL, while anti-inflammatory mediator IL-10 increased from 99.0 to 555.1 pg/mL in the ACM after rTMS treatment. The ACM collected from rTMS-treated astrocytes significantly alleviated neuronal apoptosis induced by OGD/R injury, and promoted neuronal plasticity. In MCAO rat model, the ACM collected from rTMS treatment decreased neuronal apoptosis and infarct volumes, and improved cognitive functions. The neurotoxic astrocytes were simultaneously inhibited after rTMS treatment.ConclusionsInhibition of neurotoxic astrocytic polarization is a potential mechanism for the effectiveness of high-frequency rTMS in cerebral ischemic stroke.

简介：AbstractObjective:Mifepristone (RU486), one of the most common medications for artificial abortion, attenuates the immunoregulatory effects of progesterone. However, the specific immune regulatory mechanism of RU486 in abortion remains unknown. We intended to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of RU486 on abortion.Methods:Sixty female mice were divided into the control group (0 mg RU486) and RU486 group (2 mg/kg RU486). The uterus, peripheral blood, and spleen were obtained for isolation of specific cell types. The population and phenotype of immune cells in the decidua, peripheral blood, and spleen were analyzed using flow cytometry. Statistical differences between groups were determined using two-tailed t-test. For all statistical tests, P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:RU486 effectively induced abortion in pregnant mice, with a significantly higher number of decidual macrophages (dMφ) (control group = 25.55% ± 2.467%, RU486 group = 19.41% ± 1.423%; P < 0.05), especially the major histocompatibility complex IIhigh subset. No difference in Mφ number was observed in the spleen or peripheral blood. Moreover, the dMφ from mice with RU486-induced abortion displayed a remarkable activated phenotype, with increased expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin (IL)-12 but decreased expressions of arginase-1 and IL-10. We also found elevated levels of decidual CD4+ T-cells in the RU486 group that exhibited a higher level of the proinflammatory cytokine interferon-γ and a lower level of the anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-4 and IL-10.Conclusions:We report a new mechanism of RU486-induced abortion via the regulation of innate cell Mφ activation and the adaptive response of CD4+ T-cells present in the decidua but not the periphery.

简介：Perforin是主要从事调停的形成毛孔的蛋白质目标T房间死亡并且被细胞毒素的T淋巴细胞(CTL)和自然漂亮房间采用。然而，它是否也在常规CD4+T房间功能起一个作用，仍然保持不清楚。这里，我们报导那在perforin缺乏(PKO)老鼠，CD4+T房间是响应T的hyperproliferative房间受体(TCR)刺激。hyperproliferation的这个特征被改进在房间分割并且在IL-2分泌物伴随。看起来，perforin缺乏不在胸腺怒气和淋巴节点影响T房间开发。在vivo，perforin缺乏导致增加的抗原特定的T房间增长和抗体生产。而且，PKO老鼠更产生试验性的自体免疫的眼色素层炎。探讨分子的机制，我们发现在TCR刺激以后，从PKO老鼠的CD4+T房间显示增加的细胞内部的钙流动并且随后提高抄写因素NFAT1的激活。我们的结果显示perforin在由影响TCR依赖的Ca2+发信号调整CD4+T房间激活和有免疫力的反应起一个否定作用。

简介：AbstractObjective:The objective of this study was to investigate the expression levels of microRNA-141-5p(miRNA-141-5p), MAPK1 and neutrophil elastase in patients with and without preeclampsia (PE), and the relationship between miRNA-141-5p and MAPK1 with respect to the secretion of elastase by neutrophils in patients with PE.Methods:Thirty patients with PE and 30 healthy pregnant (HP) women were recruited from The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China, between February 2017 and July 2018. Neutrophils were isolated from 8 mL peripheral blood samples and cultured. We recorded neutrophil count and morphology during culture. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry in different groups at 0, 24, and 48 h. The expression levels of elastase were detected in neutrophils by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, whereas the expression levels of miRNA-141-5p in peripheral blood neutrophils were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. We used TargetScanHuman Release 7.2 to analyze the target genes of miRNA-141-5p. The expression of MAPK1 in peripheral blood neutrophils was detected by western blotting. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 21.0 software, and comparisons between groups were carried out with the Student t test.Results:There was no significant difference between the PE and HP groups (P > 0.050) with regard to age or body mass index. The weight of newborns in the PE group (2846.00 ± 600.00 g) was significantly lower than that in the HP group (3055.00 ± 230.68 g). The number of neutrophilic granulocytes(NGs) in blood samples from the PE group was significantly higher than that in the HP group (P = 0.003). There was no significant difference between the groups with regard to morphology. Apoptosis in the PE group was delayed when compared with the HP group at different time points. The P value of apoptosis in the PE and HP groups were respectively 0.790, < 0.001 and 0.030 at 0 h, 24 h and 48 h. The expression levels of miRNA-141-5p in the PE group were significantly lower than those in the HP group (P < 0.050). The expression levels of MAPK1 in neutrophils from the PE group were significantly higher than those in the HP group (P < 0.050) by western blot. The expression levels of elastase in neutrophils from the PE group were significantly higher than those in the HP group (P < 0.050). Furthermore, the number of NGs in peripheral blood from the PE group was higher than that of the HP group; however, the levels of apoptosis were lower. The expression levels of miRNA-141-5p in NGs decreased, the expression of MAPK1 increased, and the secretion of neutrophil elastase in the NG medium increased in the PE group than those in the HP group.Conclusion:Collectively, our analysis suggested that miRNA-141-5p may be involved in the pathogenesis of PE by regulating the MAPK1 signaling pathway to activate neutrophils and increase the secretion of elastase.

简介：Forthetreatmentofbrainischemiausingacupuncture,theneedleispredominantlyinsertedintomuscularlayersanddeeptissue.However,fewstudieshaveinvestigatedtheoutcomesofshallowneedling.Thepresentstudyestablishedmiddlecerebralarteryocclusionmodelsinratsusingthethrombosismethod.ShallowneedlingandconventionalneedlingatthebilateralNeiguan(PC6)andGongsun(SP4)acupointsimprovedneurologicalfunctionofmiddlecerebralarteryocclusionrats,increasedtheexpressionoftheanti-apoptoticBcl-2,inhibitedtheexpressionofthepro-apoptoticBax,andreducedtheexpressionofthevasoactivesubstancesnitricoxidesynthaseandendothelin-1.However,thesechangesweremorepronouncedintheshallowneedlinggroup,indicatingthatshallowneedlingismoreeffectiveininhibitingbrainischemicinjury.

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