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简介：ThispapercomparesthedevelopmentoftelecomregulationandderegulationbetweensometypicalAsiancountries,andanalyzesthetelecomregulatorysystemsandindustrialorganizationsofChina.ThispaperalsoinvestigatestheapproachesandstrategiesofAsiancountriestoreducetheregulation,reinforcethecompetitionandestablishefficienttelecomindustries.HavingexaminedtheAsiantelecommunicationmarkets,thepaperattemptstoapplythelessonslearnedfromtheopeningofthetelecomsmarketsofthedevelopedeconomies.FinallythepapercontendsthatifAsianeconomieswishtohavenationallybasedcompanies,stateorprivateenterprises,inacompetitivepostion,theformatoftheimplementationoftheWTO/GATSbasictelecomsagreementshouldbecarefullyexamined.

简介：因为他们的能力，B房间通常被认为是有免疫力的反应的积极管理者生产抗体，包括自身抗体。因为B房间用作介绍抗原的房间并且在有免疫力的回答施加另外的调节功能，抗体的生产便于最佳的CD4+T房间激活。然而，某些B房间能否定地也由生产规章的cytokines并且直接经由cell-to-cell接触与病原的T房间交往调整有免疫力的反应。B房间的这些类型被定义为规章的B(Breg)房间。Breg房间的规章的函数在发炎的鼠标模型被表明了，癌症，移植，并且特别地在autoimmunity。在这评论，我们集中于在人的自体免疫的疾病导致发展的理解和Breg房间的功能和B房间的含意的最近的进展。

简介：规章的T(Treg)房间被认为由于他们在维持有免疫力的动态平衡和自我忍耐的必要角色对autoimmunity是保护的CD4+T房间的一个亚系的Foxp3+。然而，Treg房间以系专门化和镇压功能在vivo是不稳定的。这些不稳定的Treg房间在疾病的致病起作用，它关于人的Treg房间治疗引起安全担心。在这评论，我们加亮最近的调查结果在不同疾病模型表明Treg房间的病原的变换。

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简介：AclassicalfunctionofC1qistobindimmunecomplexesandinitiatecomplementactivationproducingmembranelyticcomplexes,opsoninsandanaphylatoxins.ThisclassicalpathwayofcomplementactivationisalsoelicitedwhenC1qbindssomeotherligands.Besidescomplementactivation,C1qalsoregulatescelldifferentiation,adhesion,migration,activationandsurvival.C1qdeficiencyisassociatedwithautoimmunityaswellasincreasedsusceptibilitytoinfections.Inthisarticle,wediscussthebasicpropertiesofC1q,itsexpression,andclassicalandregulatoryfunctions.

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简介：Currently,theglobalcarbontradingsystemsarefragmentedandbelongtodifferentgovernmentsorareunderthejurisdictionofdifferentregions,resultinginaseriesofnewproblems,suchashowtolinkdispersedtradingsystems,howtocomparetheemissionreductionofvariousmarketsandotherissues.Sincethedevelopmentoftheinternationalcarbonmarketisrelativelyimmaturewithuncertainlifeexpectancyandvolatilityduringitsshorthistory,andthereisalackofquantitativedataonthelong-termrecord,themarketcouldprovidefewriskmanagementtools.Meanwhile,withthelaunchesofChina’sregionalcarbontradingpilotsinsevenprovincessince2013andcombinedwiththenationalvoluntaryemissiontradingsystem,carbontradingwillbecomeanimportantmechanismforChinainachievingitsemissionreductiontarget.Inthefirststage,thecarbonfinancemarketisatleastfacedwithmechanismdesignrisks,marketsupplyrisksandcompliancerisks.Therefore,tosecurethedevelopmentofthecarbonmarketandforpublicinterest,relevantgovernmentdepartmentsofChinashouldidentifytherisksfacingthemarketandshouldmakethebasicprinciplesandgoals,suchasensuringeffectivetradingandpricingmechanismstoavoidfraudandpricemanipulation,andbalancingtransparencyandconfidentialityofinformation.Consequently,thegovernmentsshoulddevelopacomprehensivecarbonfinanceregulatorysystemcoveringregulatorylegislation,regulatoryinstitutionsandtheirauthorities,regulatoryscopeaswellasregulatoryobjects.

简介：象天生一样B房间(ILB)是有性质的天生的察觉到并且反应的异乎寻常的B房间的异构的人口。在老鼠的ILB由B1房间，边缘的地区(MZ)B房间和另外的相关B房间组成。ILB以稳定的状态维持自然IgM层次，并且在天生的激活以后，他们能很快通过自然IgM和IL-10的分泌物获得有免疫力的规章的活动。因此，ILB组成IL-10-producing规章的B房间(Bregs)的重要来源，它被显示了在autoimmunity，发炎和感染起关键作用。现在的评论在他们的规章的功能上的ILB和焦点的地里加亮最近的进展。理解ILB和他们的内在的机制的规章的活动能在操作他们的功能在打开新大街煽动性，传染并且另外的相关疾病。

简介：植物在最佳的季节的条件下面有花的一个能力保证繁殖成功。光周期和温度是植物flowering的二个重要季节依赖者因素。植物的花的转变在光周期和温度取决于变化的精确测量。在Arabidopsis和米饭上的分子的生物学和遗传的最近的进展表明由光周期和温度的植物flowering的规定与不同规章的小径涉及一个复杂基因网络，并且新证据和理解在米饭flowering的规定被提供。这里，我们总结并且分析不同flowering规章的小径详细在米饭基于以前的研究和我们的结果包括短天的提升，长天的抑制，flowering的长天的正式就职，夜里裂缝，不同轻质量并且温度规定小径。

简介：Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphatedehydrogenase(GAPDH),initiallyidentifiedasaglycolyticenzymeandconsideredasahousekeepinggene,iswidelyusedasaninternalcontrolinexperimentsonproteins,mRNA,andDNA.However,emergingevidenceindicatesthatGAPDHisimplicatedindiversefunctionsindependentofitsroleinenergymetabolism;theexpressionstatusofGAPDHisalsoderegulatedinvariouscancercells.OneofthemostcommoneffectsofGAPDHisitsinconsistentroleinthedeterminationofcancercellfate.Furthermore,studieshavedescribedGAPDHasaregulatorofcelldeath;otherstudieshavesuggestedthatGAPDHparticipatesintumorprogressionandservesasanewtherapeutictarget.However,relatedregulatorymechanismsofitsnumerouscellularfunctionsandderegulatedexpressionlevelsremainunclear.GAPDHistightlyregulatedattranscriptionalandposttranscriptionallevels,whichareinvolvedintheregulationofdiverseGAPDHfunctions.Severalcancer-relatedfactors,suchasinsulin,hypoxiainduciblefactor-1(HIF-1),p53,nitricoxide(NO),andacetylatedhistone,notonlymodulateGAPDHgeneexpressionbutalsoaffectproteinfunctionsviacommonpathways.Moreover,posttranslationalmodifications(PTMs)occurringinGAPDHincancercellsresultinnewactivitiesunrelatedtotheoriginalglycolyticfunctionofGAPDH.Inthisreview,recentfindingsrelatedtoGAPDHtranscriptionalregulationandPTMsaresummarized.MechanismsandpathwaysinvolvedinGAPDHregulationanditsdifferentrolesincancercellsarealsodescribed.

简介：目的：研究针刺或艾灸膈俞穴对低白细胞模型大鼠提升白细胞和增强骨髓增殖功能的作用。方法：选用Wistcr大鼠为实验对象，用环磷酰胺（CTX）腹腔注射造成白细胞减少及免疫功能抑制模型，分组处理后，在不同时相进行白细胞计数，并计数骨髓有核细胞数，以评估针刺或艾灸膈俞穴的升白及增强骨髓造血功能的作用。结果：针刺、艾灸膈俞穴及常规西药治疗均可显著提升白细胞、增加骨髓有核细胞计数，且艾灸膈俞穴组疗效优于针刺膈俞穴组及常规西药对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：艾灸膈俞穴可明显提升低白模型大鼠外周血白细胞数和骨髓有核细胞计数．

简介：ThetranswellchambermigrationassayandCCDdigitalcameraimagingtechniqueswereusedtoinvestigatetherelationshipbetweenregulatoryvolumedecrease(RVD)andcellmigrationinnasopharyngealcarcinomacells(CNE-2Zcells).Bothmigratedandnon-migratedCNE-2Zcells,whenswollenby47%hypotonicsolution,exhibitedRVDwhichwasinhibitedbyextracellularapplicationofchloridechannelblockersadenosine5'-triphosphate(ATP),5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoicacid(NPPB)andtamoxifen.However,RVDrateinmigratedCNE-2Zcellswasbiggerthanthatofnon-migratedcellsandthesensitivityofmigratedcellstoNPPBandtamoxifenwashigherthanthatofnonmigratedcells.ATP,NPPBandtamoxifenalsoinhibitedmigrationofCNE-2Zcells.TheinhibitionofmigrationwaspositivelycorrelatedtotheblockageofRVD,withacorrelationcoefficient(r)=0.99,suggestingafunctionalrelationshipbetweenRVDandcellmigration.WeconcludethatRVDisinvolvedincellmigrationandRVDmayplayanimportantroleinmigratoryprocessinCNE-2Zcells.

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简介：Intheglobalfinancialcrisis,EUcountrieshavesufferedhugeeconomiclosses.EUBankingSectorStabilityreportissuedbyEuropeanCentralBankinAugust2009showedthatthecumulativewrite-downsofEuropeanbanksamountedtomorethanUS$359.4billionbytheendofJuly2009.Thecountries

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简介：GovernmentregulationonbuildingenergysavingstartsearlierinAmerica,Holland,Japanandotherdevelopedcountries,andhasaccumulatedwealthyexperiencewhichisworthreferenceforChina.AccordingtopracticalworkofbuildingenergyefficiencyinChina,thegovernmentregulationshouldtobedividedintotwostages:recentadvanceandforwardcontinuedpromotionofindustry.Inshortterm,weshouldcultivateandimproveenergyefficiencymarketasthemaintaskbymeansofenhancingawarenessofenergyconservation,acceleratingheatingsystemreform,implementingeffectiveencouragingpolicyandsettingupbuildingenergyefficiencysignsystemandetc.Whileinlongterm,weshouldputemphasisonupgradinganddevelopmentofbuildingenergyefficiencyindustrybywaysofimprovingstandardandnormsystem,constructingtechnologicalguaranteesystemandformingsocializedcooperationsystemandetc.

简介：Thymopentinderivative(septapeptide)waspreparedbymeansofthesolid-phasepeptidesynthesismethodinwhichstepwiseandsegmentcondensationswereinvolved.ThestructuresofthekeyintermediateandtargetmoleculewereconfirmedbyESI-MS,elementaryanalysis,IR,1HNMRand13CNMRspectrometriesinourexperiments.Inthisstudy,theauthorsfoundthatboththymopentinderivetive(septapeptide)andthymopentincouldpromoteTcellproliferationandincreaseofE-rosefomationcells.