简介:ROOTversion3(spring2001)supportsautomaticclassschemaevolution.Inadditionthisversionalsoproducesfilesthatareself-describing.Thisisachievedbystoringineachfilearecordwiththedescriptionofallthepersistentclassesinthefile.Beingself-describingguaranteesthatafilecanalwaysbereadlater,itsstructurebrowsedandobjectsinspected.alsowhenthelibrarywiththecompiledcodeoftheseclassesismissingTheschemaevolutionmechanismsupportsthefrequentcasewhenmultipledatasetsgeneratedwithmanydifferentclassversionsmustbeanalyzedinthesamesession.ROOTsupportstheautomaticgenerationofC++codedescribingthedataobjectsinafile.
简介:1IntroductionLetA∈Cn×n,B∈Cn×n.WesayBisasquarerootofAifA=B×Bi.e.A=B2.Itiswell-knownthatanysymmetricpositivedefinitematrixexistsoneandonlyonesquarerootwhichisasymmetricpositivedefinitematrix,too(e.g.see[5]).Higham[4]studiedcarefullytherelationofarealnonsingularmatrixbetweenitsrealsquarerootsanditseigenvalues.AlefeldandSchneider[1]pointedoutthatforanynonsingularM-ma-trixthereisoneandonlyoneM-matrixasitssquareroot.Inthispaper,westudyona
简介:InthispaperthelimitingdistributionoftheleastsquareestimatefortheautoregressivecoefficientofanearlyunitrootmodelwithGARCHerrorsisderived.Sincethelimitingdistributiondependsontheunknownvarianceoftheerrors,anempiricallikelihoodratiostatisticisproposedfromwhichconfidenceintervalscanbeconstructedforthenearlyunitrootmodelwithoutknowingthevariance.Togainanintuitivesensefortheempiricallikelihoodratio,asmallsimulationfortheasymptoticdistributionisgiven.
简介:Togainanenhancedunderstandingofthemechanismbywhichgibberellins(GAs)regulatethegrowthanddevelopmentofplants,itisnecessarytoidentifyproteinsregulatedbyGA.Proteomeanalysistechniqueshavebeenappliedasadirect,effective,andreliabletoolindifferentialproteinexpressions.Inpreviousstudies,sixteenproteinsshoweddifferencesinaccumulationlevelsasaresultoftreatmentwithGA3,uniconazole,orabscisicacid(ABA),and/orthedifferencesbetweentheGA-deficientsemi-dwarfmutant,Tan-ginbozu,andnormalcultivars.Amongtheseproteins,aldolaseincreasedinrootstreatedwithGA3,waspresentatlowlevelsinTan-ginbozuroots,anddecreasedinrootstreatedwithuniconazoleorABA.Inarootelongationassay,thegrowthofaldolase-antisensetransgenicricewashalfofthatofvectorcontroltransgenicrice.TheseresultsindicatethatincreasesinaldolaseactivitystimulatetheglycolyticpathwayandmayplayanimportantroleintheGA-inducedgrowthofroots.Inthisreview,wediscusstherelationshipamongGA,aldolase,androotgrowth.
简介:Thedepletionrateofphosphateinthesoil-rootinterfacezoneincreasedalongwithgrowthandphosphateuptskeofwheatormaize,whichindicatedthatthephosphatedistributioninsoilneartherootsurfaceagreedwellwiththephosphatemovementinrhizosphereandphosphateuptakebyplant,Therelativeaccumulationzoneofphosphatewithin0.5mmapartfromtherootsurfacedevelopedatthe15thdayorsoaftercultivatingwheatormaizesincetherootphosphatesecretionincreasedgraduallyinthisstage.Thephosphatedistributioninthesoil-rootinterfacezoneagainstthegrowingtime(t)andthedistancefromtherootplane(x)couldbedescribedbythenon-linearregressionequationwiththethirdpowersofxandt.
简介:在古典统计,菲希尔信息在它是在概率密度的空间公制的实质上唯一的单调Riemannian的意义是唯一的。Inquantum理论,这唯一垮掉,并且有菲希尔信息,二个特别版本由他们的直觉、参考的意义在之中区分自己的许多自然的量类似物:首先,它在斜信息的起源在量测量的上下文在1963介绍了byWigner和Yanase,并且是经由密度操作员的方形的根的deSned。第二从Helstrom产生“s在1967量察觉学习,并且经由对称的对数的衍生物被定义。这篇论文的目的是比较量菲希尔信息的这二个版本,并且建立联系他们的二参考不平等。
简介:Fineroots(≤2mmindiameter)playimportantrolesincarbonbalanceandnutrientrecyclinginforestecosystem.Withthedevelopmentofthestudyonglobalcarboncycle,finerootshaveattractedconsiderableattentionasthemainsourceofsoilcarboninforestecosystem.Onthebasisofsyntheticanalysisofresearchreportsindomesticandforeignliteratures,wesummarizedandelaboratedthemajorabioticandbioticfactorsthatcontrolfinerootproductionandturnover.Theenvironmentalfactorsincludedsoilnutrient,soiltemperature,soilmoistureandtheCO2concentration.Soilorganisms,finerootmorphologyandforeststandcharacteristicswerediscussedasbioticfactorsinthispaper.Finally,wedefinedtheproblemsarisinginrootsystemresearchandprospectedthefutureresearchdirection.
简介:Theeffectoflanthanumiononmembranepermeabilityofcornrootsegmentisstudied.ResultsshowsthattreatmentoftherootsegmentswithLaCl3·7H2Ocandecreasetheionleakageoftheroottissue.Theleakagedecreaseshyincreasingtheconcentrationoflanthanum,andtheconcentrationhasnofurtherdependenceonionleakagesabove25μmol/L.Aftertreatingtheroottissueforonehourwithlanthanumion,theamountofleak-agehaslineardependenceontimewithinthefirst2handaftertwohourstheleakageincreases.Theionleakageofthetissuedependesonthetimeoflanthanumtreatment.Whenthedurationoftreatmentisprolonged,theleakagedecreasesrapidlyandtheleakagereachesaminimumat30minutes.Otherrareearthelementscanalsodecreaseionleakage.Thereisnosignificantdifferenceintheionleakageamongtheseelements.
简介:China'sforestscover208.3millionhaandspanawiderangeofclimatesandalargevarietyofforesttypes,includingtropical,temperate,andborealforests.However,thevariationpatternsoffineroot(\2mmindiameter)biomass,production,andturnoverfromthesouthtothenorthareunclear.Thisstudysummarizesfinerootbiomass(FRB),production(FRP)andturnoverrate(FRT)inChina'sforestsasreportedby140casestudiespublishedfrom1983to2014.TheresultsshowedthatthemeanvaluesofFRB,FRPandFRTinChina'sforestswere278gm-2,366gm-2a-1,and1.19a-1,respectively.Comparedwithotherstudiesattheregionalorglobalscales,FRBinChina'sforestswaslower,FRPwassimilartoestimatesattheglobalscale,butFRTwasmuchhigher.FRB,FRP,andFRTinChina'sforestsincreasedwithincreasingmeanannualprecipitation(MAP),indicatingthatfinerootvariableswerelikelyrelatedtoMAP,ratherthanmeanannualtemperatureorlatitude.Thisispossiblyduetothesmallvariationintemperaturebutgreatervariationinprecipitationduringthegrowingseason.ThesefindingssuggestthatspatiotemporalvariationinprecipitationhasamoreprofoundimpactonfinerootdynamicsinChina'sforests,andthiswillimpactcarbonandnutrientcyclesdrivenbyrootturnoverinthefuture.