简介:PlentyofworkhavebeendoneonSpace-Timeprocessinginwhichmultipletransmit/receiveantennasareusedinconjunctionwithcodingtoexploitbothspatialdiversityandtimediversity.ConstantModeAlgorithm(CMA)isanefficientblindadaptiveMulti-UserDetection(MUD)algorithmforCDMAsystems.Inthispaper,weputforwardanovelreceiver,whichcombinesCMAblindadaptiveMulti-userDetectionwithSTBCtechnique,andcomparetheperformancesofthesystemusingdifferentCMalgorithmsincludingSDCMA(Steepest-DescentCMA),StandardLinearityConfineCMA(SLCCMA)andLeastSquaresCMA(LSCMA).Simulationshavebeendonewithmulti-pathRayleighchannel.
简介:Inthispaper,anovelmultipletrelliscodedorthogonaltransmitschemeisproposedtoexploittransmitdiversityinfadingchannels.Inthisscheme,auniquevectorfromasetoforthogonalvectorsisassignedtoeachtransmitantenna.Eachoftheoutputsymbolsfromthemultipletrellisencoderismultipliedwithoneoftheseorthogonalvectorsandtransmittedfromcorrespondingtransmitantennas.Bycorrelatingwithcorrespondingorthogonalvectors,thereceiverseparatessymbolstransmittedfromdifferenttransmitantennas.Thisschemecanbeadoptedincoherent/differentialsystemswithanynumberoftransmitantennas.Itisshownthattheproposedschemeencompassestheconventionaltrelliscodedunitaryspace-timemodulationbasedontheoptimalcyclicgroupcodesasaspecialcase.Wealsoproposetwobetterdesignsovertheconventionaltrelliscodedunitaryspace-timemodulation.Thefirstdesignuses8PhaseShiftKeying(8-PSK)constellationsinsteadof16PhaseShiftKeying(16-PSK)constellationsintheconventionaltrelliscodedunitaryspace-timemodulation.Asaresult,theproductdistanceofthisnewdesignismuchlargerthanthatoftheconventionaltrelliscodedunitaryspace-timemodulation.Theseconddesignintroducesconstellationswithmultiplelevelsofamplitudesintothedesignofthemultipletrelliscodedorthogonaltransmitscheme.Forbothdesigns,simulationsshowthatmultipletrelliscodedorthogonaltransmitschemescanachievebetterperformancethantheconventionaltrelliscodedunitaryspace-timeschemes.
简介:TheconventionaltransmitantennaselectionforVerticalBellLaboratoriesLayeredSpaceTime(V-BLAST)systemisverycomplexbecauseitneedstocomputetheinverseofchannelmatricestimeaftertime.Inthispaper,anewgrouptransmitantennaselectionschemeforV-BLASTsystemisproposed.The1stgrouptransmitantennasaredecidedaccordingtoacertainselectioncriterionamongtheavailableantennas.Then,withGroupInterferenceSuppression(GIS)technology,theinterferencesofthetransmitsymbolsfromtheselectedantennascanbesuppressed.Finally,the2ndgrouptransmitantennasaredecidedamongtheresidualavailableantennas.Simulationsshowthatitsperformanceislowerthanthatoftheconventionalselectionscheme.However,thenewselectionschemehaslowercomplexitythantheconventionalone.
简介:Themodeswitchingbetweenspatialmultiplexing(SM)andspace-timeblockcode(STBC)diversityisinvestigatedforthemultiple-inputmultiple-output(MIMO)automaticrepeatrequest(ARQ)system.Fiveimportantpracticalfactorsareconsideredintheproposedswitchingscheme:transmitcorrelation,ARQtechnique,packetlossprobability(PLP)constraint,discreteratetransmission(DRT)andchannelcoding.Underthespatiallycorrelatedchannel,thedistributionsofthepostsignal-to-interference-plusnoiseratio(SINR)fortheSMmodeandtheSTBCmodeareobtainedbyusingGammaapproximations.Thenthispaperderivestheclosed-formexpressionsofthePLPandthethroughputfordifferentmodeswhentheARQtechniqueisemployed,basedonwhichthemodeswitchingalgorithmisproposedtoimprovethespectralefficency.Inthesimulation,thecorrectionoftheexpressionsisfirstverified.Then,thesignificantgainobservedbytheproposedalgorithmispresented.Sincetheswitchingpointisthekeyparametertoimplementthemodeswitching,thispaperalsoshowshowtheswitchingpointisaffectedbythepracticalfactorsconsidered.
简介:Arraygainwouldbewellexploitedtoimprovepowercoverageifsomepowerfulmultipathcomponentsfromdifferentradiolinkscancoherentlycombineatthereceiver(Rx).Thus,inthispaper,analgorithmisproposedfortransmissioninsimulcastsystem,wherepartialchannelstateinformation(CSI)isneeded.Basedonmeasuredmultipathchannel,performanceoftheproposedalgorithmisevaluated.Accordingtosimulationresults,theproposedalgorithmoutperformsthedirectionsummation(DS)schemeandmultipathantennadiversity(MAD)algorithm,with2~4dBadvantageoverthelatters.Especiallyinlineofsight(LOS)scenario,theadvantageismoreobvious.Besides,theproposedalgorithmbringsmoregainwithincreasingnumberoftransmitantennaswithoutadditionalpower.Finally,robustnessoftheproposedalgorithmisexaminedwithimperfectCSI.
简介:摘要:FrameBuffer是一种帧缓冲显示技术,它将显示设备抽象为帧缓冲区,用户通将其映射到进程的地址空间后,直接对其进行读写。重点介绍基于Linux操作系统下FrameBuffer技术的实现。关键词:FrameBufferLinux操作系统RGBLCD前言:FrameBuffer技术是嵌入式设备上应用的最广泛的一种LCD显示技术,它具有成本低廉,使用简单,可移植性强的优势[1],它是出现在Linux2.2.xx以及该版本内核以后当中的一种驱动程序接口,这种接口将显示设备抽象为帧缓冲区设备。帧缓冲区为图像硬件设备提供了一种抽象化处理,它代表了一些视频硬件设备,允许应用软件通过定义明确的界面来访问图像硬件设备[2]。它允许上层应用程序在图形模式下直接对显示缓冲区进行读写和I/O控制等操作。通过专门的设备节点可对该设备进行访问,如/dev/fb*。用户可以将它看成是显示内存的一个映像,将其映射到进程地址空间之后,就可以进行读写操作,而读写操作可以反映到LCD,本文基于Linux2.6内核对FrameBuffer的原理和应用做了详尽的探讨。