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简介：Automobileaccidentsareasfamiliarasthecommoncoldbutfarmoredeadly.

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简介：Ｉ．ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｔｈａｓｌｏｎｇｂｅｅｎｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｚｅｄｔｈａｔｒｏａｄａｃｉｄｅｎｔｓａｒｅｔｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｏｆｔｈｅｃｏｍｂｉｎｅｄｅｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒａｌ，ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌａｎｄｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａ...

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简介：Fromthehealthpointofviewwearelivinginamarvelousage.Weareimmunisedfrombirthagainstmanyofthemostdangerousdiseases.Alargenumberofoncefatalillnessescannowbecuredbymoderndrugsandsurgery.Itisalmostcertainthatonedayremedieswillbefoundforthemoststubbornremainingdiseases.Theexpectationoflifehasincreasedenormously.

简介：也许你渴望极速的刺激，也许你神往风驰电掣的异样冲动。但请牢记——高速公路驾车切勿疏乎大意！

简介：Objective:Tostudytheepidemiologicfeaturesofhighwaytrafficaccidentsbyanalyzingtheclinicaldataofthepatientsdiedofheadinjury.Methods:Thereaturesofthecases'age,occupation,statusofheadinjuryandcomplications.andtherescueprocedureswereretrospectivelyanalyzedbasedonthedataof214patientsdiedofheadinjury.Results:Themainvictimewereadults(78%)andpeasants(52.8%).Andtheostcommonheadinjurieswereseverecerebralcontusionwithintracranialhematomas(73.4%).Themeanarrivaltimefromtheaccidentspotstohospitalswas(2.2±1.9)h.Andthemeanintervaltimebetweenthearrivalandoperationwas(1.9±0.9)h.Primaryandsecondarybrainstemdamagewerethemaincausesofearlydeath.Yetpulmonaryinfectionandmultipleorgansfailurewerethecommonreasonsforlatedeath.Conclusions:Enhancingthepropagandafortrafficregulations,establishingperfectpre-hospitalandin-hospitalEMS(emergencymedicalservice)system,catchingtheopportunityofoperation,andpreventingcomplicationsareessentialtoreducethemortalityoftrafficaccidentsinducedheadtrauma.

简介：The5MWlowtemperaturenuclearheatingreactor(NHR-5)isanewandadvancedtypeofnuclearreactordevelopedbyInstituteofNuclearEnergyTechnology(INET)ofTisinghuanUniversityofCHinain1989,Itsmainloopisathermal-hydraulicsystemwithnaturalcirculation.ThispaperstudiesthesafetyofNHRundertheconditionofloss-of-coolantaccidents(LOCAs)bymeansofsimulantexperiments.First,theBackgroundandnecessityoftheexperimentsarepresented.thentheexperimentalsystem,includingthethermal-hydraulicsystemandthedatacollectionsystem,andsimilaritycriteriaareintroduced.Uptonow,thedischargeexperimentswiththeresidualheatingpower(20%ratedheatingpower)havebeencarriedoutontheexperimentalsystem,Thesystemprametersincludingcirculationflowrate,systempressure,systemtemperature,voidfraction,dischargemassandsoonhavebeenrecordedandanalyzed.Basedontheresultsoftheexperiments,theconclusionasareshownasfollos:onthewhole,thereactorissafeundertheconditionofLOCAs,butthethermalvacillationsresultingfromthevibrationofthecirculationflowratearedisadvantageoustotheinternalpartsofthereactorcore.

简介：AbstractPurpose:The increasing number of deaths due to road traffic accidents (RTAs) has attracted global attention. However, the influence of road types is rarely considered in the study of RTAs. This study evaluates the influence of different road types in RTAs in northern Guizhou to provide a basis for the formulation of evidence-based policies and measures.Methods:We obtained the data from the Zunyi Traffic Management Data Platform for the years 2009-2018. The mortality rates of RTAs were calculated. Descriptive methods and Chi-square tests were used to analyze the characteristics of road traffic collisions on different road types. We also examined the associations between the mortality rate per 10,000 vehicles and the growth of per capital gross domestic product (GDP) with Spearman's rank correlation analysis. According to the passing volume and the infrastructure, we defined different types of roads, like administrative road, functional road, general urban road and urban expressway.Results:In 2012, the traffic mortality rate of administrative roads was 8.9 per 100,000 people, and the mortality rate of functional roads was 7.4 per 100,000 people, which decreased in 2018 to 6.1 deaths per 100,000 people and 5.2 deaths per 100,000 people, respectively. The mortality rate per 10,000 vehicles reached the highest level in 2011 (28.8 per 10,000 vehicles and 22.5 per 10,000 vehicles on administrative and functional roads, respectively). The death rate of county roads was the highest among administrative roads (χ2= 17.389, p < 0.05) and that of fourth-class roads was the highest among functional roads (χ2= 21.785, p < 0.05). The mortality rate per 10,000 vehicles was negatively correlated with per capital GDP.Conclusion:Although our research shows that RTAs in northern Guizhou have steadily declined in recent years, the range of decline is relatively small. Many measures and sustainable efforts are needed to control road traffic death and accelerate the progress in road traffic safety in northern Guizhou.

简介：Marineaccidentshavecausedimmensecasualtiesonvariouspartiesinshippingandshipbuildingindustries,includingfinancialandstructurallosses.Thissituationmakesshipaccidentbecomesacriticalsubjectinnavalarchitectureandmarinestructures,asitneedscontinuousassessmentandinvestigationtobroadeninsightanddataofcollisionandgroundingphenomena.Thepaperaimstoinvestigatestructuralconditionsofashiparrangedbydoublehullsystemunderaccidentalscenario,namelyshipgrounding.Fundamentalconceptofstructure-rockinteractioninpoweredhardgroundingisadoptedtodesignimpactconfigurationforcalculationusingfiniteelement(FE)simulation.Involvedentitiesaredefinedasthestructurerepresentedbytankervessel,andoceanicrockisdeployedastheindenterinanalysis.Calculationresultsindicatethatthecrashworthinesscapabilityofstructuralpartstrengthenedbylongitudinalgirderishigherthanotherselectedlocationsonthestructuresagainstrockpenetration.Localizedfloodingofstorageoilmayoccurduringrakingdamageisformedonstructuralpartbetweentwogirders.

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简介：AbstractPurpose:Lengthy hospitalization places a burden on patients and healthcare resources. However, the factors affecting the length of hospital stay (LHoS) and length of emergency room stay (LERS) in non-fatal bicycle accidents are currently unclear. We investigated these factors to inform efforts to minimize hospitalization.Methods:We performed a retrospective analysis of data from non-fatal injured bicyclists admitted to the Emergency and Critical Care Center at Kyoto Medical Center between January 2012 and December 2016. We measured LHoS, LERS, mechanism of injury, head injury prevalence, polytrauma, operations performed, injury severity score (ISS), abbreviated injury scale (AIS) score, maximum AIS score, and trauma and injury severity score probability of survival. We conducted multiple regression analysis to determine predictors of LHoS and LERS.Results:Within the study period, 82 victims met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were included. Mean age was (46.0 ± 24.7) years. Overall mean LHoS was (16.8 ± 25.2) days, mean LERS was (10.6 ± 14.7) days, median ISS was 9 (interquartile range (IQR): 3-16), median maximum AIS was 3 (IQR: 1-4), and median trauma and injury severity score probability of survival was 98.0% (IQR: 95.5%-99.6%). Age, maximum AIS, ISS, and prevalence of surgery were significantly greater in long LHoS and LERS group compared with short LHoS and LERS group (p < 0.05). Performance of surgery independently explained LHoS (p = 0.0003) and ISS independently explained LERS (p = 0.0009).Conclusion:Surgery was associated with long hospital stays and ISS was associated with long emergency room stays. To improve the quality life of the bicyclists, preventive measures for reducing injury severity or avoiding injuries needing operation are required.

简介：AbstractPurpose:Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a public health issue and cost a lot to individuals, families, communities and nations. Trauma care systems in India are at a nascent stage of development. There is gross disparity between trauma services available in various parts of the country. Rural area in India has inefficient services for trauma care, due to the varied topography, financial constraints, and lack of appropriate health infrastructure. The present study is to study the trends of occurrence of RTA cases by month, week and time of accident occurrence as well as to research the types of vehicle involved in accidents and other various risk factors related to them.Methods:During 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2017, a hospital-based and cross-sectional study of RTA victims was conducted. The patients were admitted in emergency department of Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, when stabilized, they were shifted to the orthopaedics and surgery ward.Results:In the study, 654 road accident victims were included, of which the majority were males (77.5%) and the most of them belonged to rural (67%). RTA victims according to the month of occurrence majority were found in January (12.5%) and evening was time of a day with maximum accidents (32.1%). Mortality cases of RTA victims based on type of road user and it shows decreasing trend of mortality of motor-cyclists (54.2%) followed by pedestrian (25.1%).Conclusion:There should be control over people driving vehicles under the influence of alcohol and drivers over-speeding and rash driving on urban roads as well as rural village roads.