简介：Debrisflowsinnaturegenerallyfallintothreegroupsdistinctintheirgraincomposition:water-stoneflow,orsub-viscousdebrisflow,dominatedbycoarsegrains;muddyflow,dominatedbyfinegrains;andviscousdebrisflowcomposedofgrainsinlargerange.Liquid-phasevelocityandsedimentarydeliveryresistanceofsub-viscousdebrisflowhavebeendiscussedbasedonthecompositioncharactersofsub-andhigh-viscousdebrisflows.Itisrevealedthatthepresenceoffinegrainsplaysavitalroleinaffectingresistanceandaveragevelocity,particularlywhenthevolumefractionofgrainsintheflowisrelativelyhigh,i.e.Sv＞0.45.Grain-sizedistributionofviscousdebrisflowischaracterizedbyabimodalcurve,whichexplainsthepropertieslikehighdensityandlowresistancegradientofdebrisflows.Acalculationformulaisfinallyputforward,whichhastosomeextentovercomelocalitylimitsandachievedagoodagreementwiththefieldobservationsofdebrisflowsinSouthwestChina.

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简介：TheChi-Chiearthquakein1999causeddisastrouslandslides,whichtriggerednumerousdebrisflowsandkilledhundredsofpeople.Acriticalrainfallintensitylineforeachdebris-flowstreamisstudiedtopreventsuchadisaster.However,settingrainfalllinesfromincompletedataisdifficult,sothisstudyconsideredeightcriticalfactorstogroupstreams,suchthatstreamswithinaclusterhavesimilarrainfalllines.Ageneticalgorithmisappliedtogroup377debris-flowstreamsselectedfromthecenterofanareaaffectedbytheChi-Chiearthquake.Thesestreamsaregroupedintosevenclusterswithdifferentcharacteristics.Theresultsrevealthattheproposedmethodeffectivelygroupsdebris-flowstreams.

简介：通过本地城市的水路，从城市的表面的木质的碎片的运输很好没被理解到收缩和阻塞风险地点。当碎片运动上的有影响的因素，和大木质的碎片运动用时间系列摄影，活跃异频雷达收发机，和场地调查在自然农村环境被跟踪了，斜槽选拔赛识别了碎片和水路尺寸。用新奇被动异频雷达收发机技术，小木质的碎片通过一条城市的案例研究水路被跟踪了在城市的碎片运输上建立关键有影响的因素。通过把城市的碎片运输详细合并到来源和免职过程，城市的碎片运输的一幅完全的图画能被创造，支持有效水道电缆和垃圾屏幕设计，水路维护和阻塞风险评价。这案例研究在水路深度和速度以外的因素在在一条城市的水路以内的碎片运动是有影响的热点。在上游的碎片尺寸和来源地点被显示显著地影响潜力让碎片到达下游的收缩，说明在讨厌的东西流动碎片阻塞风险的可能的距离限制。

简介：Thepaperpresentsexperimentalstudyofdebrisflows.Theequilibriumconcentrationofsolidparticleintheflowisafunctionoftheenergyslope,densityofsolidparticleandkineticfrictionangleofparticles.Thekineticfrictionangleisafunctionofinternalfrictionangle,theconcentrationofsolidparticlesandthemaximumpossibleconcentration.Todeterminethefunctionbetweenthekineticfrictionangleandinternalfrictionangleistheaimofthisresearch.Flumeexperimentsofequilibriumconcentrationaboutparticlesinwaterandslurrywereconducted.Thelargedensityslurrymadethecoarseparticlesbeabletomoveinsmallslope.Thefunctionbetweenthekineticfrictionangleandinternalfrictionanglewasfoundfromtheseexperiments.Thecoarseparticlesandfineparticlesarewellmixed.D50demarcationlinewassuggestedinthispapertodemarcatethecoarseparticleandfineparticleofdebrisflows.TheequilibriumconcentrationofdebrisflowswascalculatedbyusingDs0demarcationforthedebrisflowsinfield.Theequilibriumconcentrationofdebrisflowscalculatedbythefunctionbetweenthekineticfrictionangleandinternalfrictionanglewasclosetotheequilibriumconcentrationdataofdebrisflowsinfield.

简介：ObjectiveDebrisflowsarecohesivesedimentgravityflowswhichoccurinbothsubaerialandsubaqueoussettings.Comparedtosubaerialdebrisflowswhichhavebeenwellstudiedasageologicalhazard,subaqueousdebrisflowsshowingcomplicatedsedimentcompositionandsedimentaryprocesseswerepoorlyunderstood.Themainobjectiveof

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简介：大木质的碎片和木质的植被能对隧道水力学和形态学施加主要影响，在特别地更小(<30m宽)溪流。尽管碎片和植被长被用于河槽冲刷和沉积控制，为设计者的科学地基于的指南是少见的。最近

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简介：大木质的碎片(LWD)减少流动区域，背离流动和增加在桥墩的通讯的速度，因此增加最大值搜索洞深度并且加速沉积移动。在桥墩上积累的木头和飘移具有不同尺寸。根据木头特征和河形态学，飘移累积也能下游地扩大桥墩或他们能积累完全在上游。这份报纸试图在桥牌上分析飘移累积测面积池的效果墩搜索。试验性的调查在土木工程部门的PITLAB水力的中心被执行了，比萨的大学，意大利。飘移累积被不同相对纵的长度，流动区域吸藏，一些纵的飘移和下游的planimetrical位置相对墩中心描绘。试验性的调查处于清楚水的条件被执行了。几种墩尺寸，隧道宽度和沉积材料被测试了。最大在累积与最大值相比的飘移的存在搜索洞为孤立的墩搜索洞。最后，数据与以前的文学调查结果相比，它在桥牌上加亮飘移累积的下游的延期的效果墩搜索。新关系被建议了在桥码头上预言飘移累积的效果搜索，两个以相对最大值搜索并且时间搜索进化。

简介：Therheologicalpropertiesofnaturaldebrisflowarestudiedusingexperimentaldataobtainedfromarheometerbuiltbytheauthors.Thepresentstudyisaimedtoaddresstherheologicalpropertiesofviscousdebrisflowatlowshearrate.Itisfoundthatoverstresseffectandshear-rate-thinningphenomenoncharacterizetheviscousdebrisflowintheJiangjiaRavine,China.Resultsobtainedfromthisstudyarebelievedtolaythefoundationforfurtherstudyonthetheoryofdebrisflowrheology.

简介：粗糙的木质的碎片(CWD)是forestecosystems的一个重要、特别的部件并且对森林健康极其重要。这评论描述decompositionprocess，分解模型和影响因素。CWD分解是建筑群和continuousprocess并且描绘许多生物、物理的过程，沥滤，包括生物呼吸，并且破碎。所有这些过程synergistically关上了在对方andwork之间的关系。在分解期间，有主要包括siteconditions(温度，湿度，和O_2/CO_2集中)的许多控制因素，木质的底层质量(直径，种类和混合物)和在CWD的有机体。分解率是通过随着时间的过去显示百分比团，卷或密度损失的aconstantk的genp集合快车，并且能是determinedby长期的监视，在输入和总数之间的chronosequence途径和收音机集中。模仿分解模式并且iswidely估计分解率的Nowusing数学模型申请了，特别指数的模型。我们向前带给那设法和utilizingforCWD在里面森林是所有森林陆地上的一个主要目的。并且它是应该是intensifiedto集成许多相关研究题目并且带一全面，长期并且主要集中于七节的multi-scaleresearch。

简介：在固体和液体之间的批评粒子尺寸的决心分阶段执行，即，暂停胜任，为碎片流动是基本的。为基于粒子尺寸分析决定暂停胜任的一个方法在这份报纸被介绍。与Jiangjia溪谷的沉积准备的静态的试验性的水碎片混合物的暂停胜任是~0.025公里如果体积密度是不到1,800kg，m3和它与更多的集中的混合物的体积密度增加。在Jiangjia溪谷的自然碎片流动的暂停胜任与体积密度指数地增加。这二个数据集合被比较以便理解暂停机制。骚乱可以在粒子暂停起主要作用在，这被结束非粘滞并且亚viscous碎片流动，当时在里面粘滞两矩阵力量和过量毛孔浇的碎片流动迫使玩重要角色。

简介：Theformationoflandslidedamsisofteninducedbyearthquakesinmountainousareas.Thefailureofalandslidedamtypicallyresultsincatastrophicflashfloodsordebrisflowsdownstream.Significantattentionhasbeengiventotheprocessesandmechanismsinvolvedinthefailureofindividuallandslidedams.However,theprocessesleadingtodominofailuresofmultiplelandslidedamsremainunclear.Inthisstudy,experimentaltestswerecarriedouttoinvestigatethedominofailureoflandslidedamsandtheconsequentenlargementofdownstreamdebrisflows.Differentblockageconditionswereconsidered,includingcompleteblockage,partialblockageanderodiblebed(noblockage).Themeanvelocityoftheflowfrontwasestimatedbyvideos.Totalstresstransducers(TSTs)andLaserrangefinders(LRFs)wereemployedtomeasurethetotalstressandthedepthoftheflowfront,respectively.Underacompleteblockagepattern,aportionofthedebrisflowwastrappedinfrontofeachretainedlandslidedambeforethelattercollapsedcompletely.Thiswasaccompaniedbyadramaticdecreaseinthemeanvelocityoftheflowfront.Conversely,underbothpartialblockageanderodiblebedconditions,themeanvelocityoftheflowfrontincreasedgraduallydownwardalongtheslopingchannel.Dominofailuresofthelandslidedamsweretriggeredwhenaseriesofdams(completeblockageandpartialblockage)weredistributedalongtheflume.However,notallofthesedominofailuresledtoenlargeddebrisflows.Themodesofdamfailureshavesignificantimpactsontheenlargementofdebrisflows.Therefore,furtherresearchisnecessarytounderstandthemechanismsofdominofailuresoflandslidedamsandtheireffectsontheenlargementofdebrisflows.

简介：Thefrontpartoftheflowisveryimportantandcomplexinthecaseofdebrisflowwherethereisanaccumulationoflargeboulders.Itisimportanttocontrolordampentheenergyofthefrontalpartofadebrisflowforthesafetyofthedownstreamareabecausetheimpactpressureofdebrisflowismuchgreaterthanthatofclearfluid.Themainobjectiveofthisstudyistoanalyzethehydrauliccharacteristicsoftheproposeddam(i.e.closed-typedamwithflap).Theverticalpressuredistributionofthistypeiscomparedwithconventionaldamtypes.Intheexperiments,thetotalpressureassociatedwithmajordebrisflowswasrecordedinrealtimebyasystemconsistingoffourdynamicpressuresensorsinstalledondifferenttypesofdam.Theresultsfromexperimentaldataclearlyshowthatthedamwiththeflaphasadvantagesofcapturingthedebrisflowwithlargebouldersandcontrolsthetotalpressurebyflowcirculationduetopresenceoftheflapstructurecomparedtoaclosed-typedamwithoutflap.Furthermore,theempiricalcoefficientsofhydrodynamicandsolidcollisionmodelswereproposedandcomparedwithavailablecoefficients.

简介：3D(三维)进程模拟当前是关于碎片流动的研究的最挑战性的领域之一。大规模地面显示是最在碎片流动模拟的3D风景建设的基本任务。作为为碎片流动的主要扳机，降雨将实质地提高现实主义的感觉。在3D碎片流动模拟显示的地面和降雨为数字计算和图形的处理能力提出大挑战。在这篇论文，我们建议风景建模并且使变为集成认识到3D的GPU技术，LoD算法，和粒子系统。为算法建模并且显示的即时基于LoD的地面首先被介绍，然后一个粒子基于系统的降雨风景显示方法被实现。试验性的结果证明与建议途径展览显示的3D风景鸣性能和公平视觉效果，它为碎片流动灾难的整个过程模拟打一个稳固的基础。

简介：Alargenumberofdebrisflowdisasters(calledSeismicdebrisflows)wouldoccurafteranearthquake,whichcancauseagreatamountofdamage.UAVlow-altituderemotesensingtechnologyhasbecomeameansofquicklyobtainingdisasterinformationasithastheadvantageofconvenienceandtimeliness,butthespectralinformationoftheimageissoscarce,makingitdifficulttoaccuratelydetecttheinformationofearthquakedebrisflowdisasters.Basedontheaboveproblems,aseismicdebrisflowdetectionmethodbasedontransferlearning(TL)mechanismisproposed.Onthebasisoftheconstructedseismicdebrisflowdisasterdatabase,thefeaturesacquiredfromthetrainingoftheconvolutionalneuralnetwork(CNN)aretransferredtothedisasterinformationdetectionoftheseismicdebrisflow.Theautomaticdetectionofearthquakedebrisflowdisasterinformationisthencompleted,andtheresultsofobject-orientedseismicdebrisflowdisasterinformationdetectionarecomparedandanalyzedwiththedetectionresultssupportedbytransferlearning.

简介：Background:Coarsewoodydebris(CWD)isanimportantelementofforeststructurethatneedstobeconsideredwhenmanagingforestsforbiodiversity,carbonstorageorbioenergy.Tomanageiteffectively,dynamicsofCWDdecompositionshouldbeknown.Methods:Usingachronosequenceapproach,weassessedthedecompositionratesofdownedCWDofFagussylvatica,PiceaabiesandPinussylvestris,whichwassampledfromthreedifferentyearsoftreefallandthreedifferentinitialdiameterclasses(>10–≤20cm,>20–≤40cm,>40cm).Samplesoriginatingfromwindthrowsin1999werecollectedalongatemperatureandprecipitationgradient.Basedonthedecayclassandassociatedwooddensities,logvolumeswereconvertedintoCWDmassandCcontent.Logfragmentationwasassessedoveroneyearforlogsegmentsofintermediatediameters(>20–40cm)after8and18yearsofdecomposition.Results:Significantlyhigherdecompositionconstants(k)werefoundinlogsofF.sylvatica(0.054year~(-1))thaninP.abies(0.033year~(-1))andP.sylvestris(0.032year~(-1)).However,masslossofP.sylvestrisoccurredmainlyinsapwoodandhencekforthewholewoodmaybeoverestimated.DecompositionratesgenerallydecreasedwithincreasinglogdiameterclassexceptforsmallerdimensionsinP.abies.About74%ofthevariationinmassremainingcouldbeexplainedbydecompositiontime(27%),treespecies(11%),diameter(17%),theinteractiveeffectsbetweentreespeciesanddiameter(4%)aswellasbetweendecompositiontimeandtreespecies(3%)andarandomfactor(siteandtree;9.5%),whereastemperatureexplainedonly2%.Woodfragmentationmayplayamoreimportantrolethanpreviouslythought.Here,between14%and30%ofthedecompositionrates(forthefirst18years)wereattributabletothisprocess.Carbon(C)density(mgC·cm~(-3)),whichwasinitiallyhighestforF.sylvatica,followedbyP.sylvestrisandP.abies,decreasedwithincreasingdecaystagetosimilarvaluesforallspecies.Conclusions:Theapparentlackofclimateeffectsondecompo

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简介：这研究的目的是在1999在中央台湾在ML7.3假装聪明的地震以后为碎片流动(为碎片流动被触发的批评降雨)在降雨阀值分析可变性。有不同地质的条件的二个学习地点在地震区域被调查。Streambed调查被进行连续地监视在1999和2006之间的碎片流动。在7年的学习时期期间，每个碎片流动事件被识别，并且溪流床描绘了。结果证明为碎片流动的降雨阀值只在假装聪明的地震以后是显著地更低的，但是逐渐地恢复了。迄今为止，这降雨阀值仍然是比在地震以前的原来的水平低的。在降雨阀值的这可变性仔细与在碎片流动，它由于山崩很快增加了的开始区域的沉积材料的数量有关正在源于地震。随沉积材料的增加，降雨阀值在跟随假装聪明的地震的第一年期间严重地被降低。然而，重降雨动员了沉积材料，引起碎片流动并且下游地搬运沉积。与在沉积材料的减少，降雨阀值随着时间的过去逐渐地恢复了。而且，碎片流动仅仅在有足够的沉积材料引起重要运动的潜水艇盆发生了。因此，这些结果证实在碎片流动的开始区域的沉积材料是为碎片流动的降雨阀值的一个关键部件。