简介：Recentstudieshaverevealedthatthepropertyofdrugismainlyassociatedwiththebody'ssubstanceandenergyme-tabolism.ThepresentstudyaimedtoevaluatethedrugpropertyofPoria,calledFuling(FL)intraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM),intermsofitseffectsonthesubstanceandenergymetabolisminratmodelsofcold-deficiencyandheat-deficiencysyndromes,comparedwithAconitiLateralisRadixPraeparaia,calledFuzi(FZ)inTCM,withhotproperty,andAnemarrhenaeRhizoma,calledZhimu(ZM)inTCM,withcoldproperty,asreferencedrugs,respectively.Theappearancescore,toeandrectaltemperaturesoftheanimalstreatedwereassessedatdifferenttimepoints.Severalindicesinvivocorrelatedwithsubstanceandenergymetabolism(glucokinas,phosphoglyceratekinase,cytochromecreductase,cytochromecoxydase,andNa^+-K^+-ATPase),endocrinesystem(triiodothyronine,thyroxine,and17-hydroxycorticosteroid),nervoussystem(acetylcholinesterase),andcyclicnucleotidesystemweredetermined.Thechangesinappearancescoreandindicesinvivosuggestedthesuccessfulestablishmentofcold-deficiencyandheat-deficiencysyndromemodels.FZreversedthedecreasedlevelsofindices(substanceandenergymetabolismandendocrinesystem)andalleviatedthesyndromeofcold-deficiencymodel,andZMshowedobviouslytherapeuticeffectonheat-deficiencysyndrome(appearancescore,substanceandenergymetabolism,andendocrinesystem).FLcouldalleviatecold-deficiencysyndromeandraisethedecreasedlevelsofglucokinas,phosphoglyceratekinase,cytochromecreductaseandtriiodothyronineincold-deficiencymodel,buthadnosignificanteffectonheat-deficiencysyndrome.DrugpropertyofFLwasinferredastrendingto"flatandwarm",whichstillneedfurtherstudy.Itwasadvisabletoadoptbothcold-deficiencyandheat-deficiencymodelstostudythedrugswith"flat"property.

简介：AbstractImportance:There is a high incidence of iron deficiency in children worldwide. Notably, however, while iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia, little is known about the prevalence and different types of iron deficiency in neuroblastoma patients.Objective:The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of iron deficiency in patients newly diagnosed with neuroblastoma.Methods:A total of 195 newly diagnosed neuroblastoma patients from November 2015 to January 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. The survival analysis was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method.Results:Of the 195 neuroblastoma patients included in the study, 121 (62.1%) had iron deficiency, 55 (28.2%) had absolute iron deficiency, and 66 (33.9%) had functional iron deficiency. Being aged ≥ 18 months, tumor originating in the abdomen, International Neuroblastoma Risk Group Staging System M, high-risk neuroblastoma, lactate dehydrogenase ≥ 1500 U/L, neuron-specific enolase ≥ 100 U/L, unfavorable histologic category, MYCN amplification, chromosome 1p loss, and bone marrow metastasis were associated with significantly higher rates of functional iron deficiency (P < 0.05).Interpretation:Functional iron deficiency at the time of initial neuroblastoma diagnosis predicted lower event-free survival. Long-term effects of iron supplementation in neuroblastoma patients with different types of iron deficiency need to be further studied.

简介：AbstractObjective:Rubicon is an inhibitory interacting protein of the autophagy-related protein Uvrag. We previously showed that Rubicon deficiency promotes autophagic flux in vivo and that autophagy can degrade lipid droplets. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Rubicon deficiency on fasting-induced hepatic steatosis.Methods:Two-month-old wild-type (WT) and Rubicon-deficient mice were subjected to feeding or fasting for 24 hours to induce hepatic steatosis. The distribution of liver lipid droplets was revealed by oil red O staining. Hepatic and plasma triglyceride, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), and cholesterol levels were detected using commercially available kits. Real-time reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze the mRNA expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in the liver. Western blot was conducted to assess autophagy-related protein levels in the liver. The animal experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China.Results:We showed that under fasting conditions, Rubicon-deficient mice had more lipid droplets in the liver than WT controls. Consistent with these results, the hepatic triglyceride, NEFA, and cholesterol levels in fasted Rubicon-deficient mice were significantly higher than those of fasted WT controls. The levels of SREBP-1, a key regulator of lipid synthesis, were significantly lower in livers from fasted WT mice than those of fed WT mice. However, the decrease in SREBP-1 in fasted mice was attenuated by Rubicon deficiency. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the fasting-induced increase in autophagic flux was amplified by Rubicon deficiency. Finally, we showed that Rubicon deficiency in mice led to elevated plasma triglyceride and NEFA acid levels under fasting conditions.Conclusion:Rubicon deficiency exacerbates fasting-induced hepatic steatosis in mice.

简介：AIM:Tocomparethecornealparametersofchildrenwithcongenitalisolatedgrowthhormonedeficiencyandhealthysubjects.METHODS:Inthiscross-sectional,prospectivestudy,50caseswithgrowthhormone(GH)deficiencytreatedwithrecombinantGHand71healthychildrenunderwentacompleteophthalmicexamination.Thecornealhysteresis(CH),cornealresistancefactor(CRF),Goldmann-correlatedintraocularpressure(IOPg)andcorneal-compensatedintraocularpressure(IOPcc)weremeasuredwiththeOcularResponseAnalyzer(ORA).Centralcornealthickness(CCT)wasmeasuredbyaultrasonicpachymeter.RESULTS:Themeanagewas13.0±3.0yearsintheGHdeficiencygroupconsistingof21femalesand29malesand13.4±2.4yearsinthehealthychildrengroupconsistingof41femalesand30males.Therewasnostatisticallysignificantdifferencebetweenthegroupsforgenderorage(Chi-squaretest,P=0.09;independentttest,P=0.28,respectively).ThemeandurationofrecombinantGHtherapywas3.8±2.4yinthestudygroup.ThemeanCH,CRF,IOPgandIOPccvalueswere11.0±2.0,10.9±1.9,15.1±3.3,and15.1±3.2mmHgrespectivelyinthestudygroup.Thesamevalueswere10.7±1.7,10.5±1.7,15.2±3.3,and15.3±3.4mmHgrespectivelyinthecontrolgroup.ThemeanCCTvalueswere555.7±40.6,545.1±32.5μminthestudyandcontrolgroupsrespectively.TherewasnostatisticallysignificantdifferencebetweenthetwogroupsforCH,CRF,IOPg,IOPccmeasurementsorCCTvalues(independentt-test,P=0.315,0.286,0.145,0.747,0.13respectively).CONCLUSION:OurstudysuggeststhatGHdeficiencydoesnothaveaneffectonthecornealparametersandCCTvalues.ThisobservationcouldbebecauseofthedurationbetweenthebeginningofdiseaseandthediagnosisandbeginningofGHtherapy.

简介：AbstractImportance:Children with 5-alpha-reductase deficiency (5α-RD) and hypospadias present with micropenis, which makes it difficult to obtain sufficient tissue for urethral reconstruction.Objective:We investigated the therapeutic effects of oral testosterone undecanoate and established a standard androgen treatment protocol for patients with 5α-RD with micropenis.Methods:Patients with 5α-RD were treated with oral testosterone undecanoate for 3 months as a course. All patients were treated with no more than 3 courses. If the penile length (PL) reached 2.5 cm (the minimum criterion for surgery) or greater than or equal to -2.5 standard deviations (SDs) (lower limit of normal), testosterone undecanoate was considered to be effective.Results:The median age of 90 patients with 5α-RD was 1.7 years (0.9, 3.1 years). The baseline PL was 1.9 ± 0.6 cm before treatment. At the end of the first course, the PL of 63 patients (70%) reached 2.5 cm, and 49 patients (54%) reached greater than or equal to -2.5 SDs. After two treatment courses, the PL of 81 patients (90%) reached 2.5 cm, and 90 patients (100%) reached greater than or equal to -2.5 SDs. After three courses, the PL of all patients reached 2.5 cm, and all patients reached a PL greater than or equal to -2.5 SDs. No abnormal increase was observed in height-SD score, weight-SD score, or ratio of bone age to chronological age during the 1-3-year follow-up.Interpretation:After 3-9 months of treatment, PL increased to the target length. No severe adverse reactions were observed during follow-up. Testosterone undecanoate was safe and effective in children with 5α-RD with micropenis.

简介：Phosphorus(P)deficiencyinsoilisamajorconstrainforriceproduction.Animportantsetofricegenotypes(landraces,oldimprovedandnewimprovedvarieties)werescreenedforPdeficiencytoleranceintwomajorcroppingseasonsofSriLanka,in2012.TheUltisolsoil,whichwascollectedfromaplotcultivatedwithricewithoutfertilizerapplicationforpast40years(P0)attheRiceResearchandDevelopmentInstitute(RRDI),Bathalagoda,SriLanka,wasusedasthepottingmediumforgreenhousetrials.TwofieldtrialswereconductedinthesameplotsatRRDI.BothP0andP30(30mg/kgP2O5)conditionswereusedinthetwogreenhousetrials.Attheearlyvegetative(threeweeksaftertransplanting),latevegetative(sixweeksaftertransplanting)andfloweringstages,plantheightandnumberoftillersperplantwererecorded.Atthefloweringstage,shootswereharvestedandshootdryweight,shootPconcentration,shootPuptakeandPutilizationefficiencyweremeasured.Alldatawerestatisticallyanalyzedusinganalysisofvariance,regressionandclusterprocedures.ThemeasuredparametersweresignificantlydifferentbetweenP0andP30conditions(P<0.05).HighershootdryweightwasreportedbythericegenotypesH4andMarssunderP0conditions.TheregressionanalysisbetweenshootdryweightandPutilizationefficiencyrevealedthatthestudiedricegenotypescouldbecategorizedtothreePdeficiencytoleranceclasses.Atotalof13genotypescouldbeconsideredashighlytolerantand4genotypesassensitiveforPdeficiency.Theseresultscouldbeusedtoselectparentalgenotypesforbreedingandgeneticstudiesandalsotoselectinterestingvarietiesorlandracesfororganicriceproduction.

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简介：蚜虫属gossypii格洛弗显示出明显的主人专门化，与在许多区域的专业化葫芦、专业化棉花的遗传因子型或主人赛跑。因为它的年度出生的主人庄稼更早开始衰老，专业化葫芦的遗传因子型可以承受食物缺乏。这遗传因子型使用克服这挑战的方法仍然糟糕被理解。以便在主机移动和用法理解专业化葫芦的遗传因子型蚜虫的潜力，棉花(Gossypiumhirsutum)上的这遗传因子型的性能，普通却差的优秀主机植物，在这研究被探索。仅仅当这些植物有至少九片叶子时，专业化葫芦的蚜虫能在棉花上建立人口，并且随后的人口相当慢慢地发展。存在whitefly，棉花上的人口改进了专业化葫芦的蚜虫的成功率。专业化葫芦的蚜虫在棉花的更旧的叶子主要是分布式的，与仅仅在上面的叶子安定的一些。为40，54和61 days在棉花上饲养的专业化葫芦的蚜虫仍然为他们的出生的主人植物，黄瓜(Cucumissativus)，而非棉花维持了强壮的偏爱，并且当他们被转移到新六叶的棉花上时，他们繁殖的率和天赋的内在的率增加的网戏剧性地更低植物或分开的叶子。因此，我们断定专业化葫芦的蚜虫有潜力利用成熟或强调whitefly的棉花植物，而是那棉花上的这喂的经验没为葫芦改变他们的专门化。一些棉花植物能充当一位暂时的主人让专业化葫芦的蚜虫克服食物缺乏从开始衰老产生葫芦。

简介：AbstractBackgrounds:Previous surveys have found that children with iron deficiency (ID) were likely to suffer from early childhood caries (ECC). We aimed to assess the scientific evidence about whether ID is intrinsically related to ECC.Methods:The medical subject headings (MeSH) terms and free words were searched on PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and the Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals from March 2020 to September 2020. Two researchers independently screened the articles. Data extraction and cross-checking were performed for the studies that met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s Review Manager 5.3 software.Results:After excluding duplication and irrelevant literature, 12 case-control studies were included in the study. The meta-analysis demonstrated that children with ECC were more likely to have ID (odds ratio [OR] = 2.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.85, 3.73], P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant association found between the level of serum ferritin and ECC (weighted mean difference (WMD) = -5.80, 95% CI: [-11.97, 0.37], P= 0.07). Children with ECC were more likely to have iron-deficiency anemia (OR = 2.74, 95% CI: [2.41,3.11], P < 0.001). The hemoglobin (HGB) levels in the ECC group were significantly lower compared with that in the ECC-free group (WMD = -9.96, 95% CI: [-15.45, -4.46], P = 0.0004). The mean corpuscular volume (MCV) levels in the ECC group were significantly lower compared with that in the ECC-free group (WMD = -3.72, 95% CI: [-6.65, -0.79], P= 0.01).Conclusions:ID was more prevalent in children with ECC, and the markers of iron status in the ECC group, such as serum ferritin, HGB, and MCV, were relatively lower than the ECC-free group.

简介：EffectsofmaternaldietaryzincdeficiencyonprenatalandpostnatalbraindevelopmentwereinvestigatedinICRstrainmice.Fromd1ofpregnancy(E0)untilpostnatald20(P20),maternalmicewerefedexperimentaldietsthatcontained1mgZn/kg/day(severezincdeficient,SZD),5mgZn/kg/day(marginalzincdeficient,MZD),30mgZn/kg/day(zincadequatelysupplied,ZA)or100mgZn/kg/day(zincsupplemented,ZSandpair-fed,PF).Brainsofoffspringfromthesedietarygroupswereexaminedatvariousdevelopmentalstagesforexpressionofnestin,anintermediatefilamentproteinfoundinneuralstemcellsandyoungneurons,Immunocytochemistryshowednestinexpressioninneuraltube10.5dpostcitrus(dpc)aswellasinthecerebralcortexandneuraltubefrom10.5dpctopostnatald10(P10).Nestinimmunoreactivitiesinbothbrainandneuraltubeofthosezinc-supplementedcontrolgroups(ZA,ZS,PF)werestrongerthanthoseinzinc-deficientgroups(SZDandMZD).Westernblotanalysisconfirmedthatnestinlevelsinpooledbrainextractsfromeachofthezinc-supplementedgroups(ZA,ZS,PF)weremuchhigherthanthosefromthezinc-deficientgroups(SZDandMZD)from10.5dpctoP10.ImmunostainingandWesternblotsshowednodetectablenestininanyoftheexperimentalandcontrolgroupbrainsafterP20.Theseobservationsofanassociationbetweenmaternalzincdeficiencyanddecreasednestinproteinlevelsinbrainsofoffspringsuggestthatzincdeficiencysuppressesdevelopmentofneuralstemcells,aneffectwhichmayleadtoneuroanatomicalandbehavioralabnormalitiesinadults.

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简介：AbstractObjective:The purpose of this study was to examine the role of rare variants in the one-carbon metabolic pathway in the etiology of the cerebral folate deficiency (CFD) syndrome. The CFD syndrome is a neurometabolic syndrome identified by low concentrations of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in spite of near-normal peripheral folate levels resulting in neurodevelopmental disorders.Methods:The localized folate metabolism impairments in CFD are thought to be either the result of mutations in genes responsible for folate transport or folate turnover through degradation. Genes that have been previously implicated in the etiology of CFD include folate receptor alpha-1 (FOLR1), dihydrofolate reductase, proton-coupled folate transporter, and capicua. We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis of a CFD patient that revealed 99 novel missense mutations, of which 21 were classified as damaging mutations through the Poly-Phen2 prediction algorithm. In vitro functional studies were conducted by transient transfection of wild-type and mutant MTHFS into HEK293T cells to determine the impact of the variants on enzyme activity.Results:Of the damaging variants identified in the WES studies, we focused on the gene coding for the enzyme 5,10-methenyl-tetrahydrofolate synthetase (MTHFS). This enzyme catalyzes the production of methenyl THF which is subsequently converted to 5-MTHF. The CFD patient described within was found to carry a homozygous mutation, c.101G>T (p.R34L, rs200058464) in MTHFS, while the parents of the proband are heterozygotes for the MTHFS gene, and the healthy sibling is not a carrier.Conclusion:The mutant allele displayed a 50% reduction in luciferase activity (P < 0.05), suggesting that homozygous loss of the MTHFS gene may play a significant role in the development of CFD.

简介：目的：观察赵氏雷火灸结合针刺治疗心脾两虚型失眠症的临床疗效。方法：将70例患者随机分为2组，治疗组35例，采用雷火灸及针刺治疗，对照组35例，采用单纯针刺治疗。结果：治疗组痊愈8例，显效15例，有效10例，无效2例，总有效率91．4％；对照组痊愈4例，显效11例，有效11例，无效9例，总有效率74．2％。两组总有效率比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：雷火灸结合针刺治疗心脾两虚型失眠症有较好疗效。

简介：昆虫手足在变形期间从想象的圆盘或幼虫的腿发展。涉及发展从的分子的机制对成年的腿幼虫糟糕被理解。此处，我们克隆从Bombyxmori(Bmrn)圆胖的锌手指基因的完整的长度，它包含了1419bp开的读框架，并且编码了473氨基酸蛋白质。反向的抄写聚合酶链反应和西方的污点分析证明Bmrn比在测试的另外的纸巾在外皮在高水平被表示，并且它在变形期间显示出很高的表示水平。生产的Bmrn击倒在跗骨和pretarsus背叛包括tarsomeres的熔化和减小，并且pretarsus的发展拘捕。而它在果蝇的相应基因被显示了影响三个跗骨的片断(t2-t4)，我们的数据证明Bmrn涉及跗骨和pretarsus的形成，建议改变腿包含了在在进化期间的基因规定的patterning的变化。

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简介：在酸土壤成长的植物可以承受两磷(P)缺乏和铝(艾尔)毒性。水耕法的实验被承担在幼苗生长，叶绿素和脯氨酸内容，抗氧化的反应和类脂化合物上估计单身者和艾尔毒性和低P应力的联合效果在艾尔忍耐不同的二米饭遗传型(Yongyou8和Xiushui132)的peroxidation。艾尔毒性和P缺乏两个都禁止了米饭幼苗生长。有毒的症状的发展被减少的叶绿素内容描绘，在根和叶子增加了脯氨酸和malondialdehyde内容，并且增加了在根的peroxidase和superoxidedismutase活动，但是在叶子减少了。应力条件在Yongyou8导致了更严重的生长抑制和氧化应力，并且Xiushui132显示出更高的公差到艾尔毒性和P缺乏。P缺乏加重了艾尔毒性种生长并且导致了更严重的类脂化合物peroxidation。

简介：Potexperimentsandfieldtrialswereconductedtoinvestigatethechangesintrichloroaceticacid(TCA)solublesilicon(Si)intheleavesofrice(OryzasativaL.)andtoexaminethefeasibilityofusingTCA-solubleSicontentasanindexfordiagnosingSideficiency,TheTCA-solubleSicontentwassignificantlyhigherintheleavesofbothSi-treatedand-untreatedriceattheelongationstagecomparedwiththatattilleringstage,ItwashigherintheSi-treatedplantsthaninthecontrolsthroughoutthewholegrowthperiod.However,whetherdressedatelongationorbootinstage,siliconfertilzerresultedinasignificantincreaseinTCA-solubleSioneweektotendaysafterapplication,ThesamewastrueforthetotalSiaccumulationintheplants.AcolsepositiviecorrelationwafoundbetweenTCA-solubleSiandtotalSiinPlantsgrownonpotsoils(r=0.669,P<0.01,n=26).TheresultsobtainedinthefieldtrialsrevealedthattheavailableSiextrctedbysodiumacetate(pH4.0)couldnotpreicttheresponseofricetoaddedSiinthecalcareoussoilssatisfactorily.NosignificancorrelationwasfoundbetweensoilavailableSicontentandriceyield,butTCA-solubleSiintheleafbladesofricewassignificantlycoorelatedbothwithriceyield(r=0.57,P<0.01,n=30)andwithtotalplantSi(r=089,P<0.01,n=30),Inisrecommendedthat,whth95percentconfidence,thecriticalvalueofTCA-solubleSiintheleavesofriceshouldbe52-57mgSikg^-1,abovewhichnopositiveresponseofricetoaddedSiwouldbeexpected.

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