简介：

简介：

简介：进行中的气候变化是对生物多样性的主要威胁。不管多么许多种类清楚地受不了进行中的气候变化，例如，其它由显示出范围扩大得益于它。然而，特定的特征哪个决定种类危险到气候变化？Phenotypic粘性，对环境变化被描述了为防卫的第一根线，可能在这里具有最大的重要性。对这个背景，我们这里在3铜蝴蝶种类在压力忍耐比较粘性，它在他们对气候变化的弱点可以证明不同。明确地，我们在成年阶段在acclimatization以后调查了热，寒冷和干燥抵抗到不同温度。我们证明在更高的温度的环境适应增加了热，但是减少冷忍耐和干燥抵抗。与我们的预言相反，种类没在压力抵抗显示出显著变化，尽管在温度的塑料能力强调抵抗确实越过种类变化了。总的来说，我们的结果似乎比speciesspecific模式反映populationrather。我们断定使用的人口的地理起源应该在比较研究被认为平。然而，我们的结果建议在这里学习的3种类，对气候变化的弱点没被压力抵抗首先在成年阶段决定。当昆虫学的研究仅仅实在太经常集中于成年人，当试着理解昆虫回答到环境变化时，我们主张更多的研究努力应该被奉献给另外的发展阶段。

简介：ObjectivesNitroglycerine(NTG)enhancescoronarybloodflowtocompromisedmyocardiumisimportantinrelievingischemia.However,themechanismforthisincreaseinmyocardialbloodflow(MBF)isnotwelldefined.Insmallvesselsandcapillaries,relativebloodviscosityplaysaveryimportantroleindeterminingmyocardialvascularresistance(MVR).MVRreduceisduepartlytotheincreaseinnegativechargeoferythrocytesurface.WethereforehypothesizedthattheenhancementofnutrientbloodflowtozonesofmyocardialischemiaduringNTGispartlysecondarytoreducedMVRandbloodflowviscosity.Thelatterisaffectedbythenegativechargeoferythrocytesurface.Methods6dogswithLADflow-limitingstenosis(group1)and6dogswithLADflow-limitingstenosisandLCxoccmusion(group2)werestudied.AtbaselineandduringintracoronaryinfusionsofNTG(0.3-0.6μg·kg-1·min-1),hemodynamics,MBF(mL·min-1·g-1),wholebloodviscosity(WBη,mPa.S),elongationindex(EI),eletrophoreticmobilityoferythocytes(EME,[μ.s-1)/(V.cm-1)])andpercentwallthickening(%WT)weredetermined.MVRwascalculatedusingdrivingpressure/MBF.ResultsAscomparedtobaseline,nochangesinhemodynamicswereseenduringNTG.MBFincreasedandMVRdecreasedsignificantlyinnormalbed,thecentral25%andtheentireofstenosedbed(P<0.05),withadecreaseinWBηinbothgroup1andgroup2dogs(18.6±9.7%and19.2±14.5%,respectively).However,the%decreaseinWBηwasproportionedtothe%increaseinMBForthe%decreaseinMVRonlyinthecentral25%ofstenosedbed(r=0.87,P<0.001),butnotintheentirestenosedbedandnormalbed.EIdidnotshowstatisticallysignificantdifferencesbetweenduringNTGandatbaseline,butEMEdidincrease.Andthe%decreaseinWBηduringNTGwasrelatedtothe%increaseinEME(r=0.83,P=0.01).ConclusionsNTGreducedmyocardialvascularresistanceandbloodviscosityduetothechangeofnegativechargeoferythrocytesurfacemay,inpart,bethe