简介：Inthisstudy,aporousinsertedregenerativethermaloxidizer(PRTO)systemwasdevelopedfora125kWindustrialcopper-meltingfurnace,duetoitsadvantagesoflowNOxemissionsandhighradiantefficiency.Zirconiumdioxide(ZrO2)ceramicfoamswereplacedintothecombustionzoneofaregenerativethermaloxidizer(RTO).DifferentperformancecharacteristicsoftheRTOandPRTOsystems,includingpressuredrop,temperaturedistribution,emissions,andenergyefficiency,wereevaluatedtostudytheeffectsoftheporousinsertsonnon-premixedCH4combustion.ItwasfoundthatthePRTOsystemachievedasignificantreductionintheNOxemissionlevelandafuelsavingofapproximately30%comparedtotheRTOsystem.Itismostsuitableforaleancombustionprocessatanequivalenceratio<0.4withNOxandCOemissionlevelswithin0.002%-0.003%and0.001%-0.002%,respectively.

简介：ThispaperderivestheLindellformulabasedonthegeneralizedvariationalprinciple.ForthecomplexdielectricconstantmeasurementofasmalllossydielectricrodwithRayleigh-Ritzmethod,anaccuratevariationalanalysisisgiven.Theconceptofcomplexfrequencyisintroducedingeneral,andthestabilityofthesolutionisdiscussed.Comparingwiththeresultofperturbationmethod,itisconcludedthatthedeviationofperturbationalgorithmshouldbetakenintoconsideration.

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