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简介：Naturalmonopoly,becauseofitsspontaneousornaturalcharacteristics,mosthavesomemysteriouscausesofreasonableness.Thus,theregulationstoitsefficiencylosswouldhaveadifferentwaycomparedtoothermonopolies.Thatthecharacteristicsofnaturalmonopoly,inthecaseofwaterindustry,arethattheinfrastructureinvestmentsareverylarge,mostofwhichareusedtobuildthetransportationsystem?Thewebsfortransportingtheirproductstotheircustomers,andtheproductsareidentitygoodsorservices.Byexaminingthecharacteristicsofnaturalmonopoly,thispaperproposedawaytobreakupandremodeltheindustryof""""""""naturalmonopoly'.Themainclueofremodelingisthatthegovemments,whorepresentthepublicandwhohavethepowertocontroloverpublicresources,shouldbuildandmaintainapublicwebplatformforthegoods'transportationuses,andbreakupthebarrieroftheentrysoastoproduceamarket-orientedcompetitivestructure,Therunningmodelandtheconditionofremodelingareputforwardandthecost-revenueanalysisoftheoperationisbrieflyunderconsideration.

简介：Chinaisfacingsevereproblemofwaterscarcity.Agriculturalsector,themainconsumerofwaterresource,hasremarkablychangeditsinstitutionsonwaterresourcedeployment,duetoheavyenvironmentalpressure.Asanewandspontaneousinstitution,groundwatermarkethasdevelopedrapidlyinnorthernChina,andhasimpactsonwaterusingbehaviorsandbenefitsoffarmers.UsinghouseholdsurveydatafromHebeiandHenanin2007,thispaperattemptstopindownthedevelopmentandoperatingofgroundwatermarketinruralChina.Wefocusonthemonopolyandcompetitioninthemarket.EmpiricalanalysisrevealsthatChinesefarmersaretryingtomakerationaldecisionwhentheycompetewithothersingroundwatermarket.Ingeneral,monopolyisnotfierceinChineseruralgroundwatermarket,withgreatvariationsamongdifferentvillagesandevendifferenttubewellswithinonevillage.Tubewellcosts,regulationandthedensityoftubewellsarethemaindeterminantsthataffectmonopolylevelofgroundwatermarket.Tomakewatermarketbenefitmoreandmorefarmersoflowincome,correspondingpoliciesareneededtomodifyitsdevelopmentinthefuture.

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