简介：Background:Forefootstrike(FFS)andrearfootstrike(RFS)runnersdifferintheirkinematics,forceloadingrates,andjointloadingpatterns,butthetimingoftheirmuscleactivationislessclear.Methods:Fortyrecreationalandhighlytrainedrunnersranatfourspeedsbarefootandshodonamotorizedtreadmill.'Barefoot'runnersworethin,five-toedsocksandshodrunnersworeneutralrunningshoes.Subjectswereinstructedtoruncomfortablyateachspeedwithnoinstructionsaboutfootstrikepatterns.Results:ElevenrunnerslandedwithanFFSwhenbarefootandshodandelevenrunnerslandedwithanRFSwhenbarefootandshod.The18remainingrunnersshiftedfromanFFSwhenbarefoottoanRFSwhenshod(shifters).Shodshiftersranwithalowerstridefrequencyandgreaterstridelengththanallotherrunners.AllFFSrunnerslandedwithmoreplantarflexedanklesandmoreverticallowerlegsatthebeginningofstancecomparedtoRFSrunners.FFSrunnersactivatedtheirplantarflexormuscles11%earlierand10%longerthanRFSrunners.Conclusion:Thisearlierandlongerrelativeactivationoftheplantarrlexorslikelyenhancesthecapacityforthepassivestructuresofthefootandankletostoreelasticenergy,andmayalsoenhancetheperformanceoftheactivemusclebyincreasingthestorageofelasticstrainenergyinthecross-bridaesandactivatedthin.

简介：Background:Thisprospectivestudyexploredtheeffectsofendurancerunning(ER)inminimalversusstandardrunningshoesonthefoot'ssuperficiallayerintrinsicmusclesandthefunctionofthelongitudinalarch.Ourhypothesiswasthatrunninginminimalshoeswouldcausehypertrophyinthesemusclesandleadtohigher,stronger,stifferarches.Methods:Thehypothesiswastestedusingasampleof33healthyrunnersrandomizedintotwogroups,acontrolgroupshodintraditionalrunningfootwearandanexperimentalgroupshodinminimalsupportfootwear,whosefeetwerescannedinanMRIbeforeandaftera12-weektrainingregime.Runningkinematicsaswellasarchstiffnessandheightwerealsoassessedbeforeandafterthetreatmentperiod.Results:Analysisofanatomicalcross-sectionalareasandmusclevolumesindicatethattheflexordigitommbrevismusclebecamelargerinbothgroupsby11%and21%,respectively,butonlytheminimallyshodrunnershadsignificantarealandvolumetricincreasesoftheabductordigitiminimiof18%and22%,respectively,andsignificantlyincreasedlongitudinalarchstiffness(60%).Conclusion:Theseresultssuggestthatendurancerunninginminimalsupportfootwearwith4mmoffsetorlessmakesgreateruseofthespringlikefunctionofthelongitudinalarch,thusleadingtogreaterdemandsontheintrinsicmusclesthatsupportthearch,therebystrengtheningthefoot.

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简介：BackgroundAcutecoronarysyndrome(ACS)isaleadingcauseofmortalityandmorbidityworldwide,whichcomprisesunstableangina(UA)andacutemyocardialinfarction(AMI),andtheinvestigationofbiologicalmarkerstoassessthosemostatriskofrecurrentcardiovasculareventsisnecessary.MethodsSixty-sixhealthycontrolpeopleand67casesofUApatientswereenrolledinGuangdonggeneralhospital.Enzymelinkedimmunosorbentassay(ELISA)wasusedtodetectthelevelofplasmaACTG2.Thereceiveroperatingcharacteristiccurve(ROC)wasusedtoanalyzethepredictionvalueofACTG2forUA.AccordingtotheaveragelevelofplasmaACTG2inUApatients,UApatientsweredividedintothelowACTG2group(