简介：Background:Theuseofnutritionalsupplements(NS)amongathletesiswidespread.However,littleisknownabouttherelationshipbetweennutritionaladequacyandNSusage.TheaimsofthisstudyweretoevaluatetheNSusageandtocomparethenutritionalintakefromfoodandprevalenceofmicronutrientinadequacy(PMI)betweenNSusersandnon-users.Methods:Portugueseathletesfrom13sportscompletedanNSusagequestionnaireandasemi-quantitativefood-frequencyquestionnaireassessinginformationovertheprevious12months.Theestimatedaveragerequirementcut-pointmethodwasusedtocalculatePMI.GenerallinearmodelswereusedtocomparenutritionalintakeandNSusage.Chi-squaredtestsandlogisticregressionwereperformedtostudy,respectively,relationshipsandassociationsbetweenPMIandNSusage.Results:Fromthe244athletes(66%males,13–37years),64%reportedNSusage.Afteradjustment,NSusersshowedahigherintakefromfood(p<0.05),foratleast1gender,forenergy,andfor7ofthe17studiednutrients.ThehighestPMIwereseenforvitaminsDandE,calcium,folate,andmagnesium.Afteradjustment,NSusers,irrespectiveofgender,reportedlowerPMIforcalcium(OR=0.28,95%CI:0.12–0.65),andfemaleusersformagnesium(OR=0.06,95%CI:0.00–0.98).Conclusion:AthletesusingNSreportedahighernutritionalintakefromfood,andalowerPMIforseveralnutrients.Perhaps,thosewhoweretakingNSwereprobablytheoneswhowouldleastbenefitfromit.

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简介：Objective:Correctnutritionalassessmentisessentialforleukemiapatientsafterhematopoieticstemcelltransplantation(HSCT).ThisstudyaimedtoinvestigatethebestnutritionalassessmentmethodforleukemiapatientsafterHSCT,andfindthepossiblenutritionalriskofthepatientsduringthetransplantationprocessinordertointerveneinthepatientswithnutritionalrisksandundernourishedpatientstimely,sothattheentiretransplantationprocesscouldbesuccessfullycompleted.Methods:Aprospectivestudywasperformedin108leukemiapatientsafterHSCT,anddifferentnutritionalassessmentmethods,includingnutritionalriskscreening2002(NRS2002),mininutritionalassessment(MNA),subjectiveglobeassessment(SGA)andmalnutritionaluniversalscreeningtools(MUST),wereused.Theassociationsbetweennutritionalstatusofthesepatientsandnutritionalassessmentmethodswereanalyzed.Results:Atotalof108patientscompletedSGA,and99patientscompletedNRS2002,MNAandMUST.Duringthetreatmentprocess,85.2%ofthepatientslostweight,wherein,50%lostweightgreaterthan5%,and42.6%hadsignificantlyreducedfoodintake.Fornutritionalriskassessment,thepositiveratesofNRS2002,MNAandMUSTwere100%,74.7%and63.6%,respectively.Therewasasignificantdifference(P<0.05)amongthepositiveratesofNRS2002,MNAandMUST.Inundernutritionassessment,thepositiverateofSGA(83.3%)wassignificantlyhigherthanthatofMNA(17.2%)(P<0.05),andtheincidencerateofnutritionalriskamongleukemiapatients≤30yearsoldwasgreaterthanthatofpatients>30yearsold(P<0.05).Conclusions:PatientswithleukemiawereinpoornutritionalstatusduringandafterHSCT.Theleukemiapatients≤30yearsoldhadagreaterincidencerateofnutritionalrisk.Asnutritionalriskscreeningtool,thespecificityofNRS2002isnothigh,butitcanbeusedforevaluatingnutritionaldeficiencies.MNAisagoodnutritionalriskscreeningtool,butnotanadequatetoolfornutritionalassessment.Ifassessmentofundernutritionisneces

简介：Objective:Thepredictiveandprognosticroleofprognosticnutritionalindex(PNI)ingastriccancerpatientswithperitonealdisseminationremainsunclear.ThisstudyaimstoexploretheroleofthePNIinpredictingoutcomesofgastriccancerpatientswithperitonealdissemination.Methods:Atotalof660patientsdiagnosedwithgastricadenocarcinomawithperitonealmetastasisbetweenJanuary2000andApril2014atSunYat-senUniversityCancerCenterandtheSixthAffiliatedHospitalofSunYatsenUniversitywereretrospectivelyanalyzed.Theclinicopathologiccharacteristicsandclinicaloutcomesofpatientswithperitonealdisseminationwereanalyzed.Results:ComparedwithPNI-highgroup,PNI-lowgroupwascorrelatedwithadvancedage(P=0.036),worseperformancestatus(P<0.001),higherfrequencyofascites(P<0.001)andhigherfrequencyofmultisitedistantmetastasis(P<0.001).Kaplan-MeiersurvivalcurvesshowedthatPNI-highgrouphadasignificantlylongermedianoverallsurvivalthanPNI-lowgroup(13.13vs.9.03months,P<0.001).MultivariatesurvivalanalysisrevealedthatBorrmanntypeIV(P=0.014),presenceofascites(P=0.017)andlowerPNI(P=0.041)wereindependentpoorprognosticfactors,andpalliativesurgery(P<0.001)andfirst-linechemotherapy(P<0.001)weregoodprognosticfactors.Forpatientsreceivingpalliativesurgery,thepostoperativemorbidityratesinthePNI-lowgroupandPNIhighgroupwere9.1%and9.9%,respectively(P=0.797).ThepostoperativemortalityratewasnotsignificantlydifferentbetweenPNI-lowandPNI-highgroups(2.3%vs.0.9%,P=0.362).Conclusions:PNIisausefulandpracticaltoolforevaluatingthenutritionalstatusofgastriccancerpatientswithperitonealdissemination,andisanindependentprognosticfactorforthesepatients.

简介：Fishmaw(thedriedswimbladdersoffish)isrankedinthelistofthefourseatreasuresinChinesecuisine.Fishmawismainlyproducedfromcroaker,whichisthemosthighlypriced.However,someofthefishmawbeingsoldascroakermawareinfactnotfromcroaker,butfromtheNileperchLatesniloticus.Thepresentworkdeterminedandcomparedtheproximatecomposition,aminoacidandfattyacidcompositionofcroakerProtonibeadiacanthusmawandperchL.niloticusmaw.Theresultsindicatedthatbothmawswerehighproteinsourcesandlowinfatcontent.Thedominantaminoacidsinbothmawswereglycine,proline,glutamicacid,alanineandarginine.Theseaminoacidsconstituted66.2%and66.4%ofthetotalaminoacidsinP.diacanthusandL.niloticus,respectively.TheratioofFAA:TAA(functionalaminoacids:totalaminoacids)inbothmawswere0.69.ThisisagoodexplanationforwhyfishmawshavebeenwidelyutilizedasatraditionaltonicandremedyinAsia.Exceptvalineandhistidine,alltheessentialaminoacidcontentsinP.diacanthuswerehigherthaninL.niloticus.Moreover,croakerP.diacanthusmawcontainedmoreAAandDHAthanperchL.niloticusmaw,showingahigherratioofn-3/n-6,whichismoredesirable.

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简介：讨论屏蔽2002的营养的风险(NRS2002)是否为营养的风险在造血的干细胞移植(HSCT)前后为白血病病人屏蔽是适当的，并且是否在其它有风险差别的目的调节，例如年龄，性和匹配的度；发现营养的风险在HSCT前后为这些病人屏蔽的方法和指示物，处理以便给及时干预保证全部移植的成功的结束。99个白血病病人的方法营养的风险在HSCT前后与NRS2002被屏蔽。，2测试被使用比较象年龄，性和匹配的度那样的组之间的风险差别另外的枚举数据的差别，例如最近(13个月)重量损失，在一个星期和BMI以内的减少的食物吸入，被连续性修正比较。99个白血病病人，结果22个盒子(22.2%)在HSCT前有营养的风险，当所有病人在HSCT以后有营养的风险时；有在在男性和女性之间的营养的风险的没有重要差别，和不到30岁的病人，不完整匹配，最近(13个月)重量损失，在一个星期或BMI以内的减少的食物吸入<18.5是更可能的有营养的风险；并且77个盒子(77.8%)有重量损失，49个病人(63.6%)在一个月以内在之中有超过5%重量损失。这研究显示出的结论白血病病人竟然收到在HSCT，和NRS2002前后通常屏蔽的营养的风险，这为营养的风险在HSCT前屏蔽仅仅是适当的。更多的注意应该对病人被给予不到30岁或不完整匹配。重量变化是为在HSCT以后的病人的重要营养的指示物之一。

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简介：很少对在差的oxisol上的为非洲(NERICA)的在新瑞斯的生产和质量上的在植被盖子下面的直接播种的影响被知道。在这研究，二个NERICA变化(NERICA3和NERICA8)与很低的滋养的内容在热带oxisol土壤下面被种。四个耕作系统在完全使随机化的块设计被使用，包括耕作(控制)，有死了的植被盖子(DVC)的unplowed土壤，有实时植被盖子(LVC)的unplowed土壤和unplowed与混合植被盖子(MVC)玷污。DVC显著地改进了NERICA的指数的生长。NERICA3是更多生产(2.16-3.05?t/hm2)与NERICA8相比(0.71-1.21?t/hm2)。耕作系统改进了NERICA的营养的质量。在DVC和MVC下面的NERICA3的全部的蛋白质内容分别地比控制高是84.8%和75.0%。全部的可溶的糖类在LVC下面NERICA8满足，MVC分别地比控制高是73.2%和57.3%。这些结果建议了象与植被盖子系统的在unplowed土壤上的直接播种一样的那条保守途径能在sub-Saharan非洲在差的oxisol土壤下面改进rainfedNERICA和他们的持续生产的营养的质量。

简介：Objective:Toexploretheeffectofearlyenteralnutrition(EN)onpostoperativenutritionalstatus,intestinalpermeability,andimmunefunctioninelderlypatientswithesophagealcancerorcardiaccancer.Methods:Atotalof96patientswithesophagealcancerorcardiaccancerwhounderwentsurgicaltreatmentinourhospitalfromJune2007toDecember2010wereenrolledinthisstudy.TheyweredividedintoENgroup(n=50)andparenteralnutrition(PN)group(n=46)basedonthenutritionsupportmodes.Thebodyweight,timetofirstflatus/defecation,averagehospitalstay,complicationsandmortalityafterthesurgeryaswellastheliverfunctionindicatorswererecordedandanalyzed.Peripheralbloodsampleswerecollectedonthedays1,4and7aftersurgery.Theplasmadiamineoxidase(DAO)activityandD-lactatelevelweredeterminedtoassesstheintestinalpermeability.TheplasmaendotoxinlevelsweredeterminedusingdynamicturbidimetricassaytoassesstheprotectiveeffectofENonintestinalmucosalbarrier.Thepostoperativebloodlevelsofinflammatorycytokinesandimmunoglobulinsweredeterminedusingenzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay(ELISA).Results:Afterthesurgery,thetimetofirstflatus/defecation,averagehospitalstay,andcomplicationsweresignificantlylessintheENgroupthanthoseinthePNgroup(P<0.05),whereastheENgrouphadsignificantlyhigheralbuminlevelsthanthePNgroup(P<0.05).Onthe7thpostoperativeday,theDAOactivity,D-lactatelevelandendotoxincontentsweresignificantlylowerintheENgroupthanthoseinthePNgroup(allP<0.05).Inaddition,theENgrouphadsignificantlyhigherIgA,IgG,IgM,andCD4levelsthanthePNgroup(P<0.05)butsignificantlylowerIL-2,IL-6,andTNF-αlevels(P<0.05).Conclusions:Inelderlypatientswithesophagealcancerorcardiaccancer,earlyENaftersurgerycaneffectivelyimprovethenutritionalstatus,protectintestinalmucosalbarrier(byreducingplasmaendoxins),andenhancetheimmunefunction

简介：Objective:Tovalidatemalnutritionscreeningtoolofnutritionriskindex(NRI)againstpatient-generatedsubjectiveglobalassessment(PG-SGA)asagoldstandardtoolincolorectalcancerpatientsbeforeradiotherapy.Methods:Nutritionalstatusof52volunteercolorectalcancerpatientswithameanageof54.1±16.8yearswhoreferredtoradiotherapycenterwereassessedbyPG-SGA(goldstandardmethod)andNRI.Serumalbuminlevelsofpatientsweredeterminedbycolorimetricmethod.Acontingencytablewasusedtodeterminethesensitivity,specificity,andpredictivevalueoftheNRIinscreeningpatientsatriskofmalnutrition,incomparisonwiththePG-SGAinpatientsbeforeradiotherapy.Results:ThefindingsofPG-SGAandNRIshowedthat52%and45%ofpatientsinourstudyweremoderatelyorseverelymalnourishedrespectively.TheNRIhadasensitivityof66%andaspecificityof60%againstPG-SGA.Thepositivepredictivevaluewas64%andthenegativepredicativevaluewas62%.TheagreementbetweenNRIandPG-SGAwasstatisticallyinsignificant(kappa=0.267;P>0.05).Conclusions:Thefindingsofpresentstudyshowedthattheprevalenceofmalnutritionwashighinpatientswithcolorectalcancer.Moreover,NRImethodhadlowsensitivityandspecificityinassessingnutritionalstatusofpatientswithcancer.Itseemsthatthecombinationofanthropometric,laboratoryparametersandasubjectivescoringsystemmaybehelpfultoolsinscreeningofmalnutritionincancerpatients.