简介：Theinfluenceofdiffuserparameters,includingtheriserspacing,portnumberinariser,injectionangle,portarrangement,etc.,onthesurfaceinitialdilutionisexperimentallyinvestigated.Therelativedensitydifferencebetweentheeffluentandtheseawaterinthemodelisthesameasthatintheprototype,andtheeffectofthecrosscurrentissimulatedbyaninversemodeltechnique.Basedontheresultanalysis,thearrangementwithmoreportsinariserandlargerriserspacingissuggestedtosaveconstructioncost.TherelationshipbetweentheReynoldsnumberbasedontheportdiameterandvelocity,andthesurfaceinitialdilutionisalsoexplored,andthecriticalReynoldsnumberisproposed.

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简介：Anewbioreactoronthebasisofadynamicfluidizedbedwasdesigned,whichcombinesadvantagesofthefluidizedbedandabiologicalcontactor.Theexperimentsofstart-up,nor-maloperationandparameteradjustmentarecarriedout.There-sultsshowthatthebioreactorcanbequicklystartedupintheconditionthatthefillis50%,thehydraulicretentiontimeis72min,aeratespeedis2.5m3/h,rotation-cagerotatedspeedis1.5r/min,andtheremovalratesofchemicaloxygendemand(CODCr)andAmmonianitrogen(NH3-N)are75.34%and80.98%respec-tively.Theinfluenceoftheoperationparameteronremovalratesofthebioreactorisanalyzed,andanappropriateoperationpa-rameterisprovided.

简介：Polyepoxysuccinicacid(PESA),asanenvironmentalbenignbiodegradablechelant,wasusedtoremoveheavymetalsfromthesewagesludgeofShanghaiTaopuWastewaterTreatmentPlant.Theextractionofcadmium(Cd)fromsewagesludgeusingaqueoussolutionofPESAwasstudied.ItwasfoundthatPESAwascapableofextractingCdfromthesludge,andtheextractioneffciencywasdependentonbothpHandtheconcentrationofthechelatingreagent.TheextractioneffciencydecreasedgraduallywithincreasingofpH,whereasthedependencyonpHdecreasedastheconcentrationofPESAincreased.InthecaseofthehighPESAtototalmetalratio,e.g.,10:1,theextractioneffciencyreachedabove70%withinthepHrangefrom1to7.Thehighestextractioneffciencyobtainedintheexperimentwas78%.Bycomparingthecontentsoftheheavymetalsinsewagesludgebeforeandaftertheextraction,itwasfoundthattheextractedCdcamemainlyfromthefourfractions:acid-soluble,reducible,oxidizable,andwater-solublefractions.

简介：Apilotstudywasconductedtoproducehighperformancegreenceramsitebyusingsewagesludge,flyashandsilt.AccordingtothetheoryofRiley,theproportionsofrawmaterialswerechosentoperformthesinteringexperiments.Thereby,theoptimumproportionofsludge,flyashandsiltandsinteringparametersweredetermined.Themicrostructureoftheoptimizedmixtureandtheleachingofheavymetalelementswerealsoanalyzed.Thelabtestingresultsshowthatsinteringparametershavesignificantimpactontheperformanceofceramsite.Forsolidwasteceramsitewithhighlossofignition,inadequatepre-burningprocesslowersthestrengthandincreasesthewaterabsorption.Lowwaterabsorptioncanbeachievedbytheenameledsurfaceandclosedporestructure.Thehighperformancegreenceramsitehasthedensitygradeof700,waterabsorptionof6%andcompressivestrengthof6.6MPa.Theceramsiteismainlycomposedofcristobaliteandmullite.Theleachingofheavymetalelementsfromthesolidwasteceramsitearelowerthanthelimitsrequiredbythenationalstandard.Thisstudyshowsthattheutilizationofsolidwasteceramsiteasthelightweightaggregateisfeasibleandsafe.

简介：ThefivechemicalassociationsofheavymetalshavebeenextractedcontinuouslyusingtheTessierextractingmethod.ResultsshowthatCu,Pb,Fe,ZnandCrinthesedimentsaremainlydistributedinresidualfraction,whilethemajorchemicalassociationofMniscarbonates.CarbonateheavymetalsareconvertedintoFe-Mnoxidesinautumn.Andinthelowtidalflat,aftercarbonateshavechangedintoionicheavymetals,someoftheelementsaretransportedtotheoverlyingwater.Cu,Pb,FeandMnhavegoodcorrelationswitheachother,andZn,Cralsoshowtheirsimilarityofchemicalbehaviorinthesediments.

简介：composted污水污泥(CS)并且热地的年度增加的效果在80t弄干污水污泥(TS)哈?1在半干旱的条件下面在一个地实验在土壤化学药品性质上被调查三年。腐殖的酸()从CS，TS，和unamended由常规过程孤立(那么)并且污泥修改了土壤被分析为元素(C，H，N，S和O)并且酸的功能的组(羧基、酉分)并且由紫外可见，红外线的Fourier变换和荧光光谱学。关于CS，TS有内容，更大的干燥的事，全部的器官的C，全部的N和C/N比率和更小的灰满足的类似的pH和全部的P和K和电的电导率。有CS和TS的改正在土壤性质导致了很多修正，包括pH，电的传导性，全部的器官的C，全部的N，和可得到的P的增加。CS--哈有的更大的O，全部的酸味，carboxyl，并且酉分哦比TS组织内容和H内容--哈。CS--哈并且TS--哈有的更大的N和S内容，更小的C，O和酸的功能的组内容，和更低的芳香的polycondensation和humification度比那么--哈。修改土壤--显示出C，H，N和比大的S内容那么--哈，建议污泥有部分被合并到土壤。这些效果与增加污泥应用的数字是更明显的。

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简介：Metalcontentandbioavailabilityareoftenthelimitingfactorsforapplicationofsewagesludgeinagriculturalfields.SewagesludgesampleswerecollectedfromfivetypicalurbanwastewatertreatmentplantsinChinatoinvestigatetheircontentsanddistributionofvariouschemicalfractionsofCu,Zn,Ni,Cr,PbandMobyusingtheBCR(CommunityBureauofReference)sequentialextractionprocedure.Thesludgescontainedconsiderableamountsoforganicmatter(31.8%-48.0%),totalN(16.3-26.4gkg-1)andtotalP(15.1-23.9gkg-1),indicatinghighpotentialagriculturalbenefitsoftheirpracticalapplications.However,totalZnandNicontentsinthesludgeexceededthevaluespermittedinChina'scontrolstandardsforpollutantsinsludgesfromagriculturaluse(GB4284-1984).TheresidualfractionwasthepredominantfractionforMo,NiandCr,theoxidizablefractionwastheprimaryfractionforCuandPb,andtheexchangeableandreduciblefractionswereprincipalforZn.Thedistributionofdifferentchemicalfractionsamongthesludgesamplesreflecteddifferencesintheirphysicochemicalproperties,especiallypH.ThesludgepHwasnegativelycorrelatedwiththepercentagesofreduciblefractionofCuandexchangeablefractionofZn.ThesludgesfromtheseplantsmightnotbesuitableforagriculturalapplicationsduetotheirhighcontentsofZn,NiandCr,aswellashighpotentialofmobilityandbioavailabilityofZn.

简介：由认为城市的下水道网络的流动控制最小化抽水站的电消费，为精力积蓄的分解协作策略在这篇论文基于网络社区分割被开发。描绘城市的下水道网络的稳态流的一个数学模型首先被构造，由有作为限制捕获的结构交通能力的一套代数学的方程组成。因为下水道网络没一般来说有明显的自然层次结构，识别聚类的组是很困难的。通过计算每个边的between海角的一条快网络部门途径成功地被使用与任意的配置识别这些组和一个下水道网络然后能被分解成子网。由集成子网的联合限制，原来的问题根据网络分解被分开成N优化潜水艇问题。每个潜水艇问题局部地被解决，潜水艇问题的答案被协调形成一个适当全球答案。最后，到一个指定大规模下水道网络的一个应用程序也被调查表明建议算法的有效性。

简介：Thelowremovaleffciencyoftotalnitrogen(TN)isoneofthemaindisadvantagesoftraditionalsinglestagesubsurfaceinfiltrationsystem,whichcombinesananaerobictankandasoilfilterfield.Inthisstudy,afull-scale,two-stageanaerobictankandsoiltrenchsystemwasdesignedandoperatedtoevaluatethefeasibilityandperformancesintreatingsewagefromaschoolcampusforoveraone-yearmonitoringperiod.Therawsewagewaspreparedandfedintothefirstanaerobictankandsecondtankby60%and40%,respectively.Thisnovelprocesscoulddecreasechemicaloxygendemandwiththedichromatemethodby89%-96%,suspendedsolidsby91%-97%,andtotalphosphorusby91%-97%.Thedenitrificationwassatisfactoryinthesecondstagesoiltrench,sotheremovalsofTNaswellasammonianitrogen(NH+4-N)reached68%-75%and96%-99%,respectively.ItappearedthattheremovaleffciencyofTNinthistwo-stageanaerobictankandsoiltrenchsystemwasmoreeffectivethanthatinthesinglestagesoilinfiltrationsystem.Theeffuentmetthedischargestandardforthesewagetreatmentplant(GB18918-2002)ofChina.

简介：ImprovingtherurallivingenvironmentinruralChinaisoneofthekeytasksforthecountrytoaccomplishitsgoalofbuildingamoderatelyprosperoussocietyby2020.Yunnanhashighlyfocusedonthetaskofthetreatmentofresidentialdomesticsewageandhouseholdgarbageinruralarea.ManyeffortsandresourceshavebeenputintothisfieldinYunnansince2016.Progresshasbeenmadetoincreasethecoveragerateofthesewageandhouseholdgarbagetreatmentfacilities.Seventy-fivepercentoftotaladministrativevillageshavebuiltupgarbagetransportationsystemandtreatmentfacilities.Sixty-threepercentoftownshavecollectedandtreatedtheresidentialdomesticsewagebyconstructingvariousscalesewagetreatmentstations.However,thelackofthelong-actingoperationmechanismandtheimperfectionofthechargerulesforthesewageandgarbagetreatmentfacilitieshavebecomeproblemsthatwouldhindertheachievingoftheenvironmentalgoalsinYunnan.Thereasonswereelaboratedonthebasisofthelocalactualsituations.Therefore,itissignificanttoimprovethechargerulesandframethelong-actingoperationmechanismbystrengtheningthegovernancecapacity,frameanoverallmechanismandencouragethemasstobeinvolvedintheimprovementsofthelivingenvironmentinruralYunnan.