简介：Introduction,Theroleofleftventriculographyhasevolvedradicallyoverthelasthalf-century,buthasreceivedlittlenoticeintheacademicliterature.ThetechniqueandfrequencyofuseofleftventriculographyvaryacrossregionsoftheUnitedStates,institutions,andindividuals.

简介：客观：调查长期的权利的影响在室的改变和病人的心脏的功能与上的室的顶端的踱步高级并且酷刑逼供有正常的心结构和心脏的功能的心房与心室的阻塞。另外，我们为选最佳的电极培植为site.Methods提供许多证据：学习参加者包括了为心律调整器代替被招收并且在门诊病人为植入的心律调整器的考试重游的病人。心律调整器被植入到高级的对待和酷刑逼供心房与心室的阻塞。在心律调整器培植的时候，病人们有正常心脏的功能并且没显示出严肃的心疾病或心脏的膨胀。到后续的从培植的持续时间是超过5年。踱步的率比80%高。有左室的喷射部分(LVEF)的病人<50%并且一条左室的结束心脏舒张的直径(LVEDD)>55公里被排除。室的改变被定义为follows:increase在10%的LVEDD和为在培植以后的五年的在25%的LVEF的减小。心脏的功能根据纽约心协会(NYHA)classification.Results被评估:有吝啬的年龄的82个病人的一个总数(66.97?????????????????吗？？

简介：BackgroundNoncompactionofventricularmyocardium(NVM)isararetypeofprimarycardiomyopathy.Thediseaseiscausedbythedisorderinthedensificationofthemyocardiumintheearlystageoftheembryoprocess.Themorphologicalcharacteristicsareprojectingtrabeculationintheventricleandthedeeptrabecularspaceinterlinkedwithventricularchamber.Inrecentyears,manystudieshavefoundthattheleftventriculargrowthassociatedgeneticmutationiscloselyrelatedtotheoccurrenceofNVM.Themostclinicalmanifestationssuchasheartfailure,thromboembolismandarrhythmiaarespecific.EchocardiographyisthemostcommonlyusedtechniqueforthediagnosisofNVM.Cardiaccomputedtomography(CT)scan,cardiacmagneticresonanceimagingandleftventricularangiographyareotherimportanttechniquesforitsdiagnosis.TheNVMpatientshavealongcourseofdisease,poorprognosisandahighrateofmisdiagnosis.Thisarticlereviewstheresearchprogressintheaspectsofepidemiologicalcharacteristics,geneticcharacteristics,clinicalmanifestations,pathophysiology,diagnosis,treatmentandsoon,inordertoprovidethebasisforthediagnosisandtreatmentofNVM.

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简介：Normalregionalleftventricular(LV)mechanicalcontractionissynchronous,resultinginefficientejection.Abnormalitiesinelectricalactivationormyocardialdiseasesmayaffectthetimingofregionalcontraction,resultingindiscoordinatedordyssynchronouscontraction,whichisinefficient.Thisarticlereviewsvariousapproachestoquantifydyssynchrony,focusingonLVdyssynchrony,thathavebeenprincipallyrelatedtocardiacresynchronizationtherapy(CRT).SeveralattemptshavebeenmadetoimprovepatientselectionforCRTbyuseofechocardiographicdyssynchrony;however,nonehavegainedclinicalacceptance.ThisreviewfocusesonthedifferentreasonsfortheexistenceLVdyssynchrony,thedyssynchronousstrainpatternsindicativeofCRTresponse,andtheprognosticimplicationsofdyssynchrony.Interestinechocardiographicdyssynchronyremainshighbecauseofitsmechanisticandprognosticimportance.Dyssynchronymayoccurfromelectricalornonelectricalcauses.PatientswithawideQRScomplexwhohavebaselinedyssynchronyfromelectricaldelayingeneralhaveafavorableresponsetoCRT,whereaspatientswithnonelectricaldyssynchrony(fromcontractileheterogeneityorscar)atthebaselinehaveaworseprognosis.Newinsightsintothemeaningofmechanicaldyssynchronycontinuetoemerge,andthisarticle

简介：Ventriculartachycardia(VT)inthepresenceofstructuralheartdiseaseisassociatedwithsuddencardiacdeathandwarrantspromptattention.Implantablecardioverterdefibrillators(ICDs)whilehighlyeffectiveinterminatingsustainedventriculararrhythmiasandreducingmortality,havenoeffectonthearrhythmiasubstrateandrecurrentshocksforVTterminationoccurinapproximately20%ofpatients.Shocksworsenqualityoflifeandareassociatedwithprogressionofheartfailureandincreasedmortality.Antiarrhythmicdrugs,mainlyintheformofbeta-blockersoramiodarone,aremoderatelyeffectiveinreducingICDtherapiesbutdrugintoleranceandserioustoxicitiesofamiodaronenecessitatedrugcessationinaquarterofpatients.CatheterablationhasemergedasaneffectivetreatmentforcontroloffrequentVTepisodesandcanbelifesavingincasesofincessantVTorVTstorm.Asexperienceincreases,itisbeingusedincreasinglyearlier,ratherthanalastresorttherapy.Efficacyvarieswiththenatureoftheunderlyingheartdisease.Intramuralarrhythmiasubstrateandfailuretocreatepermanentablationlesionsremainchallengesandrepeatproceduresarenecessaryinathirdtoahalfofpatients.ForidiopathicVTsorPVCsthataresymptomaticorworsenLVfunction,catheterablationisoftenaneffectivetherapy.

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简介：Theventricularseptumseparatestherightandleftventriclesandthusispartofbothventricles.Itisdirectedobliquelybackwardtotheright,andcurvedwiththeconvexitytowardtherightventricle;itmustbeemphasizedthatthetotalcardiacseptumhasacomplex,longitudinaltwistanddoesnotlieinanysingleplane.Itsupperandposteriorpart,isthinandfibrous,andistermedthemembranousventricularseptum.Thegreaterportionoftheseptumisthickandmuscularandconstitutesthemuscularventricularseptum.Theventricularseptumconsistsoftwolayers,athinlayerontheRVsideandathickerlayerontheLVside[1].Themajorseptalarteriestendtorunbetweenthesetwolayers.

简介：BackgroundLeftventricularhypertrophy(LVH)inducedbysystemichypertensionrepresentsamaladaptiveresponsetotheincreasedoverload.HoweverantihypertensivetreatmentsarenotalwaysusefultoregressorpreventLVH.Thoroughlyunderstandingthemechanismswillhelptofindnewtherapeutictargetsthatpreventorreverseleftventricularhypertrophy.Anumberofregulatorsandmolecularsignalingpathwayshavebeenshowntobeinvolvedinthehypertrophicprocess,suchasangiotensinII,heatshockproteins90,microRNAs,TRPC,mTOR,HDACandPI3K/Aktsignalingpathways.Therefore,othertreatments,suchasG1cyclinantagonists,HSP90inhibitor,Rho-kinaseinhibitor,calcineurinblockers,CS866,statins,scutellarin,andaldosteroneantagonistcouldpreventleftventricularhypertrophy.

简介：BackgroundArrhythmogenicrightventricularcardiomyopathy(ARVC)isamajorcauseforsuddencardiacdeathduetoventriculartachycardia.Litterisknownaboutitslong-termoutcomesinChineseARVCpatients.Thepurposeofthisstudywastoevaluatethelong-termclinicaloutcomesinpatientswithARVCandtoclarifytheriskfactorsofcardiacevents.MethodsFortysubjectsfulfillingmodifiedTaskForcecriteriawereincludedinthisstudy.Informationonclinicalpresentation,electrocardiographicandcardiacimagingfindings,andlong-termoutcomeofcaseswereinvestigated.ResultsAveragefollow-upperiodfromonsetwas57.5±42.6months.Themeanageatonsetofsymptoms(32.2±12.7years)andmalepredominance(85.0%)weresimilartothatreportedinotherstudies.Palpitationswerethemostfrequentsymptom(82.5%).T-waveinversionwasthemostcommonpresentingabnormalityonresting12-leadECG(75%).Ventriculartachycardiawithleftbundlebranchblockmorphologywassubsequentlydocumentedinatotalof28(70%)subjectsduringastudyperiod.Thecumulativemortalityratewas7.5%.ConclusionClinicalpresentationinChineseARVCpatientswassimilartothatreportedinotherstudies.ARVCisassociatedwithearlymortalitythatisdifferenttoothercountrypopulation.

简介：Congenitalventricularseptaldefect(VSD)spontaneouscloseinducedbytranscathetertreatmentisrareandhasnotyetbeenreported.WereportononecaseofVSDspontaneouscloseinducedbytranscathetertreatmentina10yearsoldgirl.

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简介：BackgroundToinvestigatetheassociationbetweenleftventricularremodelingandstresshyperglycemia(SH)inpatientswithacuteanteriorwallmyocardialInfarction.MethodsPatientswithacuteanteriormyocardialinfarctionandasuccessfulprimarypercutaneouscoronaryintervention(PCI)wereenrolledanddividedintotwogroupsaccordingtothepresenceorabsenceofSH.Patientswithdiabetesmellituswereexcluded.Echocardiographicstudieswereperformedondischargeandat6monthfollow-up.Leftventricular(LV)ejectionfractions(EF),LVend-diastolicvolume(EDV)andLVend-systolicvolume(ESV)wereobtainedatbaselineandat6month.DifferencesbetweenchangesofESV(ΔESV)andchangesofEDV(ΔEDV)inthetwogroupsaswellasEFimprovementrate(ΔEF%)oversixmonthwereobtained.CorrelationbetweenSHandLVremodelingwasinvestigated.Results(1)Atbaseline,thelevelofhemoglobinA1cwassignificantlyhigherinSHgroup(6.9±1.4vs6.2±0.8P=0.04).Otherbaselinecharacteristics,includingpeakserumcreatinekinaseMBandLVfunction,weresimilarbetweentwogroups;(2)EFincreasedsignificantlyover6monthsinbothgroupwithSH((41.1±7.2)%vs(52.7±8.4)%,P=0.02)andgroupwithoutSH.((43.6±8.7)%vs(54.5±9.3)%,P=0.03)(3)OnlyinSHgroup,EDVincreasedsignificantlyat6month(139.6±26.7vs126.1±26.7P=0.04);(4)TherewasaweakcorrelationbetweenΔEDVandtheleveloffastingplasmaglucoseonadmission.(Pearson'sr=0.35,P<0.01).Conclusions(1)Previousglucosemetabolismdisorderisatleastpartiallyresponsibleforhyperglycemiaonadmission;(2)GivensuccessfulprimaryPCIwithinrecommendedtimeinterval,leftventricularfunctionimprovedregardlessofwhetherSHispresentornot;(3)Thedegreeofglucosemetabolicdysfunctiononadmissionisweaklyassociatedwiththeremodelingprocessin6months

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简介：ObjectivesRecentstudieshavedescribedregionaldifferencesintheelectrophysiologyandpharmacologyofventricularmyocardiumincanine,feline,rat,guineapig,andhumanhearts.ThishasbeenshowntobeduetoasmallerIKsandalagersodium-calciumexchangecurrent(INa-Ca)andlateINainMregion(deepsubepicardialtomidmyocardial).Studiesfromourlaboratoryhavefoundanewrepolarizationcurrent-nonselectivecationcurrent(NSCCs)existinginrabbitrightventricularmyocytes.MethodsWeexaminedthecharacteristicsofNSCCsinepicardial,Mregion,andendocardialcellsisolatedfromtherabbitleftventriclewithstandardmicroelectrodeandwhole-cellpatch-clamptechniques.ThepermeabilitytoNa+,K+,Li+,Cs+butnottoCl-indicatingthatitwasanonselectivecationcurrent.Gd3+(0.1mmol/l)andLa3+(0.1mmol/l)canblockthecurrentmarkedly.ResultsFurthercharacterizationofNSCCswassignificantlysmallerinMcellsthaninepicardialandendocardialcells.NSCCscurrentdensitywassignificantlysmallerinMcellsthaninepicardialandendocardialcells.Withrepolarizationto-80mV,INscurrentdensitywas(-0.44±0.05)PA/PFinendocardialcells,(-0.12±0.05)PA/PFinMcellsand(-0.28±0.07)PA/PFinepicardialcells;andwithrepolarizationto+30mV,INscurrentdensitywas(1.09±0.29)PA/PFinendocardialcells,(0.38±0.09)PA/PFinMcellsand(0.91±0.32)PA/PFinepicardialcells.ConclusionsTransmuraldispersionofrepolarizationwasduetotheheterogeneityofNSCCsinrabbitleftventricleepicardial,endocardialmyocytesandMcells.Thesefindingsmayadvanceourunderstandingoftheionicbasisforourunderstandingoffactorscontributingtothedevelopmentofcardiacarrhythmias.

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简介：ObjectivesToquantitativelyanalyzethelongitudinalmyocardialsystolicanddiastolicvelocitiesandtimeintervalsoftheleftventricleinnormalsubjects,andtoexplorethevalueofpulsedDopplertissueimaging(DTI)fortheassessmentofleftventricularsystolicanddiastolicsynchronicity.MethodsTwentyandsixhealthysubjectswerestudiedbypulsedDTI.Theseptalandlateral,anteriorandinferiorwallsoftheleftventricleweredisplayedrespectively,andbasalandmiddlesegmentsofeachwallwereselectedformyocardialmotionspectrumsampling.DTIparameterswere;peaksystolicmyocardialvelocity(s),regionalpre-ejectionperiod(PEP),timetothepeakofswave(Ts),regionalejectiontime(ET);peakearlydiastolicvelocity(e),peaklatediastolicvelocity(a),e/aratio,timetothebeginningofewave(QE),timetothepeakofewave(Te)andregionalisovolumicrelaxationtime(IVRT).ResultsTheeande/aweresignificantlydifferentamongbasalsegments,andsande/aweresignificantlydifferentamongmiddlesegments,withthehighestvalueinlateralsegmentsandthelowestvalueinseptalsegments.Thes,eandawereallsignificandyhigherinbasalsegmentsthanmiddlesegments.Noneofthesystolictimeintervals(PEP,TsandET)anddiastolictimeintervals(QE,TeandIVRT)weresignificantlydifferentamongbasalsegmentsandmiddlesegments,neitherweretheywhenbasalsegmentwascomparedwithmiddlesegment.ConclusionsInnormalsubjects,thelongitudinalmyocardialsystolicanddiastolicvelocitiesoftheleftventriclearenothomogeneous,butthecontractionandrelaxationarehighlysynchronized.PulsedDTIcanbeusedtoquantitativelyanalyzethesystolicanddiastolicsynchronicityoftheheart.