简介：Fortwo-dimensionnonlinearconvectiondiffusionequation,atwo-gridmethodofcharacteristicsfinite-elementsolutionwasconstructed.Inthismethodthenonlineariterationsisonlytoexecuteonthecoarsegridandthefine-gridsolutioncanbeobtainedinasinglelinearstep.Forthenonlinearconvection-dominateddiffusionequation,thismethodcannotonlystabilizethenumericaloscillationbutalsoacceleratetheconvergenceandimprovethecomputationalefficiency.Theerroranalysisdemonstratesifthemeshsizesbetweencoarse-gridandfine-gridsatisfythecertainrelationship,thetwo-gridsolutionandthecharacteristicsfinite-elementsolutionhavethesameorderofaccuracy.Thenumericalexampleconfirmsthatthetwo-gridmethodismoreefficientthanthatofcharacteristicsfinite-elementmethod.

简介：Aself-adaptiveprecisealgorithminthetimedomainwasemployedtosolve2-Dnonlinearcoupledheatandmoisturetransferproblems.Byexpandingvariablesatadiscretizedtimeinterval,thevariationsofvariablescanbedescribedmoreprecisely,andanonlinearcoupledinitialandboundaryvalueproblemwasconvertedintoaseriesofrecurrentlinearboundaryvalueproblemswhicharesolvedbyFEtechnique.Inthecomputation,noadditionalassumptionandthenonlineariterationarerequired,andacriterionforself-adaptivecomputationisproposedtomaintainsufficientcomputingaccuracyforthechangesizesoftimesteps.Inthenumericalcomparison,thevariationsofmaterialpropertieswithtemperature,moisturecontent,andbothtemperatureandmoisturecontentaretakenintoaccount,respectively.Satisfactoryresultshavebeenobtained,indicatingthattheproposedapproachiscapableofdealingwithcomplexnonlinearproblems.

简介：3-degree-of-freedom(3-DOF)的一个新分析模型旋转罗盘加速表系统由一个1-DOF驱动器和2-DOF感觉模式组成被介绍。模型构造微分方程由向量分析与系统的每DOF联系了的lumped。因此建立的联合微分方程是为他们在时间和频率领域的回答的解决的经分解。就这些频率反应方程而言，新奇设备设计概念被强迫感觉阶段到零导出，它导致在结构的频率之间的某个关系，从而在系统的表演上引起抑制效果的最小化。而且，现在的旋转罗盘加速表结构的可行性在他们的事件为旋转罗盘行动和线性加速的察觉用一个唯一的差别对待的计划被学习。这个计划把旋转罗盘加速表的提出的解决的短暂解决方案与同步解调和过滤的进程相结合，它导致同相并且系统输出的照部件发信号。这二个部件能在尖运动和线性加速的察觉被利用。获得的分析结果被模拟在MATLAB/Simulink环境验证，并且结果在对对方的优秀同意，这被发现。

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简介：有从30～80nm的尺寸的Fe3O4nanoparticles被湿milling铁粉末在一家行星的球工厂综合。阶段作文和同样综合的产品的形态学被X光检查衍射(XRD)测量，扫描电子显微镜学(SEM)和传播电子显微镜学(TEM)。NanosizedFe3O4粒子被湿milling准备金属性的铁粉末(?200网孔，99%)在与不锈钢装备的一家行星的球工厂，使用的小瓶与50:1并且以300rpm的旋转速度的ball-to-powder团比率在提取的水下面熨球。在这个方法的铁球的使用在Fe3O4formation起了一个关键作用。现在的技术简单，这个过程是容易的执行。

简介：Inthisstudy,factorsaffectingthecrystalstructureofflame-synthesizedY2O3:Euparticleswereinves-tigated,especiallytheparticlesizeeffectanditsinteractionwithEudopingconcentration.PolydisperseY2O3:Eu(sizerange200nmto3m)powdersampleswithEudopingconcentrationsfrom2.5mol%to25mol%weregeneratedineitherH2/airorH2/O2substrate-freeflames.ThecrystalstructureofthepowdersampleswasdeterminedbypowderX-raydiffraction(XRD),whichwascomplementedbypho-toluminescence(PL)measurements.Singleparticlecrystalstructurewasdeterminedbysingleparticleselectedareaelectrondiffraction(SAED),andforthefirsttime,byelectronbackscatterdiffraction(EBSD).H2/airflamesresultedincubicphaseY2O3:Euparticleswithhollowmorphologyandirregularshapes.ParticlesfromH2/O2flameshaddenseandsphericalmorphology;sampleswithlowerEudopingconcen-trationshadmixedcubic/monoclinicphases;sampleswiththehighestEudopingconcentrationswerephase-puremonoclinic.ForsamplesgeneratedfromH2/O2flames,aparticlesizeeffectanditsinteractionwithEudopingconcentrationwerefound:particlessmallerthanacriticaldiameterhadthemonoclinicphase,andthiscriticaldiameterincreasedwithincreasingEudopingconcentration.Thesefindingssug-gestthattheformationofmonoclinicY2O3:Euisinevitablewhenextremelyhotsubstrate-freeflamesareused,becausetypicalflame-synthesizedY2O3:Euparticlesizesarewellbelowthecriticaldiameter.However,itmaybepossibletogenerateparticleswithdense,sphericalmorphologyandthedesiredcubicstructurebyusingamoderatelyhighflametemperaturethatenablesfastsinteringwithoutmeltingtheparticles.

简介：Perovskite-typeLa1-xCexMnO3（x=0-10%）catalystswerepreparedbyflamespraypyrolysisandtheiractivitiesduringthecatalyticoxidationofbenzenewereexaminedoverthetemperaturerangeof100-450℃.ThestructuralpropertiesandreducibilityofthesematerialswerealsocharacterizedbyX-raydiffraction（XRD）,N2adsorption/desorption,H2temperature-programmedreduction（H2-TPR）andX-rayphotoelectronspectroscopy（XPS）.TheincorporationofCewasfoundtoimprovethebenzeneoxidationactivity,andtheperovskiteinwhichxwas0.1exhibitedthehighestactivity.Phasecompositionandsurfaceelementalanalysesindicatedthatnon-stoichiometriccompoundswerepresent.TheincorporationofCehadanegligibleeffectonthespecificsurfaceareaoftheperovskitesandhencethisfactorhaslittleimpactonthecatalyticactivity.IntroductionofCe44+resultedinmodificationofthechemicalstatesofbothB-siteionsandoxygenspeciesandfacilitatedthereducibilityoftheperovskite.ThesurfaceMn4+/Mn3+ratiowasincreasedasaresultofCe4+substitution,whileadecreaseinthesurface-adsorbedO/latticeO(Oads/Olatt)ratiowasobserved.Therelationshipbetweenthesurfaceelementalratiosandcatalyticactivitywasestablishedtoallowabetterunderstandingoftheprocessbywhichbenzeneisoxidizedoverperovskites.

简介：Nanostructuredtransitionmetaloxidesarepromisingalternativeanodesforlithiumionbatteries.Li-ionstorageperformanceisexpectedtoimproveifhighpackingdensityenergyparticlesareavailable.Herein,Mn2O3microsphereswithaca.18μmdiameterandatappeddensityof1.33g/cm3weresynthesizedbyafacilesolvothermal-thermalcoversionroute.SphericalMnCO3precursorswereobtainedthroughsolvothermaltreatmentandtheydecomposedandconvertedintoMn2O3microspheresatanannealingtemperatureof700C.TheMn2O3microspheresconsistedofMn2O3nanoparticleswithanaverage40nmdiameter.TheseporousMn2O3microspheresallowgoodelectrolytepenetrationandprovideanionbufferreservoirtoensureaconstantelectrolytesupply.TheMn2O3microsphereshavereversiblecapacitiesof590and320mAh/gat50and400mA/g,respectively.Wethusreportanefficientrouteforthefabricationofenergyparticlesforadvancedenergystorage.

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简介：通过分析1维和2维线性插值可以推导出任意斜角直线坐标系下n维线性插值的一般计算公式以及有唯一解的条件,这一结论能够应用于三维温度场计算。可以将n维插值问题归结如下：已知n＋1维空间中的n＋1个点的坐标以及第n＋2个点的n个坐标分量xn＋2,1,xn＋2,2,,xn＋2,n,求解该点的第n＋1个坐标分量xn＋2,n＋1。根据线性插值定义,第n＋2个点位于前n＋1个点所确定的n维超平面上。根据这一条件列写方程、求解方程可得到插值xn＋2,n＋1。n维插值问题有唯一解的条件是已知的n＋1个点在n维空间中构成的多面体的体积不为0。推导过程在斜角直线坐标系中完成,因而结论具有较大普适性。

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简介：hard-core/soft-shell钙碳酸盐(CaCO3)的合成/poly(甲基methacrylate)(PMMA)混合结构化的nanoparticles(<100nm)由把分裂成原子的微乳液聚合，过程被报导。聚合物链通过acoupling代理人的使用被抛锚到nano-CaCO3的表面上，triethoxyvinylsilane(TEVS)。铵persulfate(APS)，钠dodecyl硫酸盐(SDS)和n-pentanol分别地被用作开始者，表面活化剂和cosurfactant。coreshell乳胶粒子的聚合机制被讨论。由PMMA的nano-CaCO3的封装用一台传播电子显微镜(TEM)被证实。coreshell粒子的grafting百分比被thermogravimetric分析(TGA)调查。nano-CaCO3/PMMAcoreshell粒子被Fourier变换描绘红外线(FTIR)光谱学和微分扫描热量测定(DSC)。FTIR结果在nano-CaCO3粒子和PMMA的接口揭示了一个强壮的相互作用的存在，它成功地暗示聚合物链是grafted到通过联合代理人的连接的nano-CaCO3粒子的表面上。另外，TGA和DSC结果与纯nano-PMMA的相比显示了coreshell材料的热稳定性的改进。nano-CaCO3/PMMA粒子被混合进聚丙烯(PP)矩阵由融化处理。它能也用扫描PMMA锁住的电子显微镜学(SEM)被观察grafted在聚合物矩阵(PP矩阵)防碍到CaCO3nanoparticles上CaCO3的聚集并且因此与PP矩阵改进CaCO3nanoparticles的相容性。

简介：AlaminarpremixedPropane/Airflamewithafuelequivalenceratioof2.1wasemployedforanalysisofsootparticles.Zeroth-orderIognormaldistributions(ZOLD)wereusedintheanalysisofexperimentaldistributionphenomenaatdifferentresidencetimesduringsootformationintheflame.Rayleigh'stheoryandMie'sscatteringtheorywerecombinedwithagglomerateanalysisusingscatteringandextinctiondatatodeterminethefollowingsootcharacteristics:agglomerateparameters,volumetricfractions,massflowratesandsurfacegrowthrate.Sootdensitymeasurementswerecarriedouttodeterminedensityvariationsatdifferentstagesofgrowth.Themeasuredresultsshowthatmetricfractionandmassflowrateindicatethatthesurfacegrowthrateofsootparticlesexceedstheoxidationratesintheflamestudied.Thedataobtainedinthisworkwouldbeusedtostudysootoxidationrateunderflamingcondition.

简介：PureAl2O3-2SiO2powderswerepreparedbysol-gelandcoprecipitationmethods,andtheiralkaliactivationreactivitieswerecompared.Thealkali-activationreactivityofthepowderpreparedbythesol-gelmethodwashigherthanthatofthepowderpreparedbythecoprecipitationmethod.Thepowderswereinvestigatedby27AIand29Simagic-anglespinningnuclearmagneticresonancespectroscopy（MASNMR）tounderstandtherelationshipbetweentheirstructureandalkali-activationreactivity.The27AlMASNMRdatashowedthatthefive-coordinateAIcontentofthepowderpreparedbythesol-gelmethodwashigherthanthatofthepowderpreparedbycoprecipitation.Thehighercontentoffive-coordinateAlcorrespondedtohigheralkali-activationreactivity.The29SiMASNMRdatashowedthatforthepowderpreparedbythesol-gelmethod,siliconwasreplacedbyaluminumatsecondarycoordinationsitesofthecentralSiatomsduringcalcination.However,forthepowderpreparedbysingle-batchcoprecipitation,themainchangewasfromalowdegreeofpolycondensationtoahighdegreeofpolycondensation.